Overexpression of sucrose synthase enhances cellulose content in transgenic Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh

Global warming has the potential to increase air temperatures by 1.8 to 4.0°C by the end of the 21st century. In order to reveal the effects of increased temperatures on the sucrose metabolism and cellulose synthesis in cotton fibre during its flowering and boll formation stage, field experiments with elevated temperature regimes (32.6/28.6°C, mean daytime/night-time temperature during flowering and boll formation stage during 2010–12, the same below) and ambient temperature regimes (30.1/25.8°C) were conducted. Activities of sucrose synthase and acid/alkaline invertase decreased under elevated temperature in fibre, but activities of sucrose phosphate synthase were increased. Callose content increased, but sucrose content decreased within the cotton fibre under elevated temperature. The disparity of callose content and sucrose content between the two temperature regimes decreased with the number of days post anthesis, indicating that the effects of elevated temperature on both sucrose content and cellulose content were diminished as the boll matured. Due to the dynamics of the carbohydrate content and associated enzyme activities, we hypothesise that the restrained sucrose metabolism and cellulose biosynthesis under elevated temperatures were mainly attributed to the changed activities of sucrose synthase and invertase. Furthermore, 32.6/28.6°C had a negative effect on the cellulose synthesis compared with 30.1/25.8°C.

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The chemical composition of poplar wood in relation to the species and the age of trees

Annals of WULS, Forestry and Wood Technology ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0013.7642 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 107 ◽

pp. 131-138

Author(s):

DONATA KRUTUL ◽

ANDRZEJ ANTCZAK ◽

TERESA KŁOSIŃSKA ◽

ANDRZEJ RADOMSKI ◽

MICHAŁ DROŻDŻEK ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Populus Deltoides ◽

Lignin Content ◽

Populus Trichocarpa ◽

Age And Growth ◽

Tree Age ◽

Cellulose Content ◽

Populus Alba ◽

Poplar Wood ◽

Growth Environment

The chemical composition of poplar wood in relation to the species and age of trees. The contents of the following substances: mineral substances, extractives, cellulose, lignin, holocellulose, in wood from fastgrowing poplar species (Populus deltoides x maximowiczii and Populus trichocarpa Torr and A.Gray) aged 2.5, 3, 5 and 7 years were compared to the contents of the abovementioned substances in Populus nigra L. and Populus alba L. wood, aged about 30. According to other publications, the cellulose and lignin contents increase in line with the tree's age. On the other hand, the comparison of cellulose content in studied poplar wood showed that its content did not depend from the species of tree, age and growth environment. Whereas, the content of extractives in poplar wood was dependent from the species of tree and growth environment. The lignin content in Populus deltoides x maximowiczii and Populus trichocarpa wood did not depend from its age and was similar to the lignin content in 30-year-old P. nigra wood. 30-year-old wood of P. nigra and P. alba contained less holocellulose compared to its contents in P. deltoides x maximowiczii and P. trichocarpa wood, regardless of its age.

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Sucrose synthase activity is not required for cellulose biosynthesis in Arabidopsis

10.1101/2021.02.16.431385 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Wei Wang ◽

Sonja Viljamaa ◽

Ondrej Hodek ◽

Thomas Moritz ◽

Totte Niittylä

Keyword(s):

Sucrose Synthase ◽

Cell Walls ◽

Vascular Tissue ◽

Tissue Cell ◽

Cellulose Content ◽

Cellulose Biosynthesis ◽

Plant Cell Walls ◽

Wild Type ◽

Glucose Content

AbstractBiosynthesis of plant cell walls requires UDP-glucose as the substrate for cellulose biosynthesis, and as an intermediate for the synthesis of other matrix polysaccharides. The sucrose cleaving enzyme sucrose synthase (SUS) is thought to have a central role in UDP-glucose biosynthesis, and a long held and much debated hypothesis postulates that SUS is required to supply UDP-glucose to cellulose biosynthesis. To investigate the role of SUS in cellulose biosynthesis of Arabidopsis thaliana we characterized mutants in which four, or all six Arabidopsis SUS genes were disrupted. These sus mutants showed no growth phenotypes, vascular tissue cell wall defects or changes in cellulose content. Moreover, the UDP-glucose content of rosette leaves of the sextuple sus mutants was increased by approximately 20% compared to wild type. It can thus be concluded that cellulose biosynthesis is able to employ alternative UDP-glucose biosynthesis pathway(s), and thereby the model of SUS requirement for cellulose biosynthesis in Arabidopsis can be refuted.

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Sucrose degradation in sink and source poplar leaves treated with sulfite

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae ◽

10.5586/asbp.2001.027 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 70 (3) ◽

pp. 209-214 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gabriela Lorenc-Plucińska ◽

Anna Szadel ◽

Andrzej Pluciński ◽

Stanisława Pukacka

Keyword(s):

Sucrose Synthase ◽

Populus Deltoides ◽

Specific Activity ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Acid Invertase ◽

Transpiration Stream ◽

Neutral Invertase ◽

Specific Activities ◽

Poplar Leaves

Sulfite at concentrations from 0.5 to 5.0 mM was supplied to illuminated, detached poplar (Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh) leaves via the transpiration stream. Concentrations of chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids, glucose, fructose, sucrose and starch, and extractable specific activities of sucrose synthase (SuSy), acid invertase (AI) and neutral invertase (NI) were measured. In sink and source leaves chlorophylls and carotenoids appeared to be increased by sulfite at concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 5.0 mM. In source leaves the application of 5.0 mM and ≥ 2.5 mM sulfite led to a decrease in total nonstructural soluble sugars (sTNC) and starch, respectively. The specific activity of SuSy was enhanced by ≥ 0.5 mM sulfite. There was only a slight decline in the activity of Al and N1.In sink leaves sTNC decreased and starch increased under the influence of sulfite at concentrations ≤ 1.O mM and ≥ 0.5 mM, respectively. The effect of sulfite on the activity of At, NI and SuSy was negligible. However, in both development groups of leaves alterations in sucrose, glucose and fructose contents were observed. On the basis cf the obtained results we postulate that sulfite changes the sucrolytic activities primarily in source leaves and only marginally in sink leaves.

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The chemical composition of poplar wood in relation to the species and age of trees

Annals of WULS, Forestry and Wood Technology ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0013.7728 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 105 ◽

pp. 125-132

Author(s):

DONATA KRUTUL ◽

ANDRZEJ ANTCZAK ◽

TERESA KŁOSIŃSKA ◽

MICHAŁ DROŻDŻEK ◽

ANDRZEJ RADOMSKI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Populus Deltoides ◽

Lignin Content ◽

Populus Trichocarpa ◽

Age And Growth ◽

Tree Age ◽

Cellulose Content ◽

Populus Alba ◽

Poplar Wood ◽

Growth Environment

The chemical composition of poplar wood in relation to the species and age of trees. The contents of the following substances: mineral substances, extractives, cellulose, lignin, holocellulose, in wood from fastgrowing poplar species (Populus deltoides x maximowiczii and Populus trichocarpa Torr and A.Gray) aged 2.5, 3, 5 and 7 years were compared to the contents of the abovementioned substances in Populus nigra L. and Populus alba L. wood, aged about 30. According to other publications, the cellulose and lignin contents increase in parallel with the tree's age. On the other hand, the comparison of cellulose content in poplar wood showed that its content did not depend from the species of tree, age and growth environment. Whereas, the content of extractives in poplar wood was dependent from the species of tree, age and growth environment. The lignin content increased slightly as a tree age, but its content in 7-year-old wood was already similar to the level to be found in the wood at the age of about 30 years. About 30-year-old wood of P. nigra and P. alba contained less holocellulose as compared to its contents in P. deltoides x maximowiczii and P. trichocarpa wood, regardless of its age.

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