Carbon storage and allocation pattern in plant biomass under drought stress and nitrogen supply in Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Populus deltoides

Abstract Background The present study aims to study the effects of biofertilizers potential of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and Bradyrhizobium japonicum (B. japonicum) strains on yield and growth of drought stressed soybean (Giza 111) plants at early pod stage (50 days from sowing, R3) and seed development stage (90 days from sowing, R5). Results Highest plant biomass, leaf chlorophyll content, nodulation, and grain yield were observed in the unstressed plants as compared with water stressed-plants at R3 and R5 stages. At soil rhizosphere level, AMF and B. japonicum treatments improved bacterial counts and the activities of the enzymes (dehydrogenase and phosphatase) under well-watered and drought stress conditions. Irrespective of the drought effects, AMF and B. japonicum treatments improved the growth and yield of soybean under both drought (restrained irrigation) and adequately-watered conditions as compared with untreated plants. The current study revealed that AMF and B. japonicum improved catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) in the seeds, and a reverse trend was observed in case of malonaldehyde (MDA) and proline under drought stress. The relative expression of the CAT and POD genes was up-regulated by the application of biofertilizers treatments under drought stress condition. Interestingly a reverse trend was observed in the case of the relative expression of the genes involved in the proline metabolism such as P5CS, P5CR, PDH, and P5CDH under the same conditions. The present study suggests that biofertilizers diminished the inhibitory effect of drought stress on cell development and resulted in a shorter time for DNA accumulation and the cycle of cell division. There were notable changes in the activities of enzymes involved in the secondary metabolism and expression levels of GmSPS1, GmSuSy, and GmC-INV in the plants treated with biofertilizers and exposed to the drought stress at both R3 and R5 stages. These changes in the activities of secondary metabolism and their transcriptional levels caused by biofertilizers may contribute to increasing soybean tolerance to drought stress. Conclusions The results of this study suggest that application of biofertilizers to soybean plants is a promising approach to alleviate drought stress effects on growth performance of soybean plants. The integrated application of biofertilizers may help to obtain improved resilience of the agro ecosystems to adverse impacts of climate change and help to improve soil fertility and plant growth under drought stress.

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Mangrove diversity enhances plant biomass production and carbon storage in Hainan island, China

Functional Ecology ◽

10.1111/1365-2435.13753 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 774-786

Author(s):

Jiankun Bai ◽

Yuchen Meng ◽

Ruikun Gou ◽

Jiacheng Lyu ◽

Zheng Dai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Storage ◽

Biomass Production ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

Hainan Island ◽

Plant Biomass Production

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Effects of Drought Stress on Some Agronomic and Morpho-Physiological Traits in Durum Wheat Genotypes

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12145610 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (14) ◽

pp. 5610

Author(s):

Alireza Pour-Aboughadareh ◽

Reza Mohammadi ◽

Alireza Etminan ◽

Lia Shooshtari ◽

Neda Maleki-Tabrizi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Durum Wheat ◽

Harvest Index ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

Geometric Mean ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Tolerance Index ◽

Wheat Genotypes ◽

Grain Filling Period

Durum wheat performance in the Mediterranean climate is limited when water scarcity occurs before and during anthesis. The present research was performed to determine the effect of drought stress on several physiological and agro-morphological traits in 17 durum wheat genotypes under two conditions (control and drought) over two years. The results of analysis of variance indicated that the various durum wheat genotypes responded differently to drought stress. Drought stress significantly reduced the grain filling period, plant height, peduncle length, number of spikes per plot, number of grains per spike, thousand grains weight, grain yield, biomass, and harvest index in all genotypes compared to the control condition. The heatmap-based correlation analysis indicated that grain yield was positively and significantly associated with phenological characters (days to heading, days to physiological maturity, and grain filling period), as well as number of spikes per plant, biomass, and harvest index under drought conditions. The yield-based drought and susceptible indices revealed that stress tolerance index (STI), geometric mean productivity (GMP), mean productivity (MP), and harmonic mean (HM) were positively and significantly correlated with grain yields in both conditions. Based on the average of the sum of ranks across all indices and a three-dimensional plot, two genotypes (G9 and G12) along with the control variety (G1) were identified as the most tolerant genotypes. Among the investigated genotypes, the new breeding genotype G12 showed a high drought tolerance and yield performance under both conditions. Hence, this genotype can be a candidate for further multi-years and locations test as recommended for cultivation under rainfed conditions in arid and semi-arid regions.

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Response of Barley Plants to Drought Might Be Associated with the Recruiting of Soil-Borne Endophytes

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms8091414 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. 1414

Author(s):

Luhua Yang ◽

Peter Schröder ◽

Gisle Vestergaard ◽

Michael Schloter ◽

Viviane Radl

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Bacterial Communities ◽

Soil Microbes ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Plant Performance ◽

Soil Microbiome ◽

Bacterial Endophytes ◽

Natural Conditions

Mechanisms used by plants to respond to water limitation have been extensively studied. However, even though the inoculation of beneficial microbes has been shown to improve plant performance under drought stress, the inherent role of soil microbes on plant response has been less considered. In the present work, we assessed the importance of the soil microbiome for the growth of barley plants under drought stress. Plant growth was not significantly affected by the disturbance of the soil microbiome under regular watering. However, after drought stress, we observed a significant reduction in plant biomass, particularly of the root system. Plants grown in the soil with disturbed microbiome were significantly more affected by drought and did not recover two weeks after re-watering. These effects were accompanied by changes in the composition of endophytic fungal and bacterial communities. Under natural conditions, soil-derived plant endophytes were major colonizers of plant roots, such as Glycomyces and Fusarium, whereas, for plants grown in the soil with disturbed microbiome seed-born bacterial endophytes, e.g., Pantoea, Erwinia, and unclassified Pseudomonaceae and fungal genera normally associated with pathogenesis, such as Gibberella and Gaeumannomyces were observed. Therefore, the role of the composition of the indigenous soil microbiota should be considered in future approaches to develop management strategies to make plants more resistant towards abiotic stress, such as drought.

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Phenological Stage, Plant Biomass, and Drought Stress Affect Microbial Biomass and Enzyme Activities in the Rhizosphere of Enteropogon macrostachyus

Pedosphere ◽

10.1016/s1002-0160(18)60799-x ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 259-265 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kevin Z. MGANGA ◽

Bahar S. RAZAVI ◽

Muhammad SANAULLAH ◽

Yakov KUZYAKOV

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Microbial Biomass ◽

Enzyme Activities ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

Phenological Stage

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Physiological and biomass partitioning shifts to water stress under distinct soil types in Populus deltoides saplings

Journal of Plant Ecology ◽

10.1093/jpe/rtaa042 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 545-553

Author(s):

Senlin Yang ◽

Jian Shi ◽

Lianghua Chen ◽

Jian Zhang ◽

Danju Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Exchange Rate ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Gas Exchange ◽

Nitrogen Metabolism ◽

Populus Deltoides ◽

Soil Types ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

N Assimilation ◽

Wide Range ◽

Gas Exchange Rate

Abstract Aims Although soil environments exist extensive heterogeneity for many plants with a wide range of distribution, researches about effects of soil conditions on plants’ tolerance and adaptation are particularly inadequate. In our study, the aims are to reveal physiological strategies of Populus deltoides against drought stress under different soil conditions and to select the most suitable soil type for P. deltoides plantation. Methods Under controlled conditions, we used P. deltoides as a model species to detect differences in gas exchange rate, antioxidative capacity, nitrogen metabolism and biomass accumulation and partitioning in response to drought stress under three mineral soil types with distinct physicochemical characters, i.e. red soil (RS), yellow soil (YS) and yellow-brown soil (BS). Important Findings Exposure to 25% of field water holding capacity in soil for 3 months had significantly decreased biomass of all organs, photosynthetic rate, enzyme activities related to N assimilation, but increased H2O2, malondialdehyde and content of both NO3− and NH4+, when P. deltoides was planted in both RS and YS. In contrast, under BS, there are slightly negative effects exerted by water deficit on total biomass, gas exchange rate, activities of enzymes related to nitrogen metabolism and membrane damage caused by reactive oxygen species, which can be associated with a consistent increase in superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase, and a higher ratio of root mass to shoot mass. It is concluded that, such higher capacity in tolerance and adaptation against drought stress under BS relative to both RS and YS could be accounted for more sufficient nutrient provision in soil parental materials and better soil aeration conditions which play a vital role in plant acclimation to water shortage. Our study also revealed that, distribution areas of BS might be preferable for cultivation of P. deltoides, when compared with those of RS and YS.

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Conditioned soils reveal plant-selected microbial communities that impact plant drought response

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-00593-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Samantha J. Monohon ◽

Daniel K. Manter ◽

Jorge M. Vivanco

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Microbial Communities ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

Microbial Community Composition ◽

Defense Responses ◽

Severe Drought ◽

Plant Tolerance ◽

Abiotic Stress Response ◽

Two Generations ◽

Drought Resistant

AbstractRhizobacterial communities can contribute to plant trait expression and performance, including plant tolerance against abiotic stresses such as drought. The conditioning of microbial communities related to disease resistance over generations has been shown to develop suppressive soils which aid in plant defense responses. Here, we applied this concept for the development of drought resistant soils. We hypothesized that soils conditioned under severe drought stress and tomato cultivation over two generations, will allow for plant selection of rhizobacterial communities that provide plants with improved drought resistant traits. Surprisingly, the plants treated with a drought-conditioned microbial inoculant showed significantly decreased plant biomass in two generations of growth. Microbial community composition was significantly different between the inoculated and control soils within each generation (i.e., microbial history effect) and for the inoculated soils between generations (i.e., conditioning effect). These findings indicate a substantial effect of conditioning soils on the abiotic stress response and microbial recruitment of tomato plants undergoing drought stress.

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Estimasi Simpanan Karbon Pada Ekosistem Mangrove Di Desa Pasar Banggi Dan Tireman, Kecamatan Rembang Kabupaten Rembang

Journal of Marine Research ◽

10.14710/jmr.v8i1.24330 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 62-68

Author(s):

Riani Mardliyah ◽

Raden Ario ◽

Rudhi Pribadi

Keyword(s):

Carbon Storage ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

Mangrove Ecosystem ◽

The Body ◽

Research Station ◽

Body Parts ◽

Ecological Functions ◽

Purposive Sampling ◽

Mangrove Trees

Ekosistem mangrove memiliki fungsi ekologis sebagai penyerap dan penyimpan karbon. Mangrove menyerap CO2 pada saat proses fotosintesis, kemudian mengubahnya menjadi karbohidrat dengan menyimpannya dalam bentuk biomasa. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengestimasi simpanan karbon pada tegakan dan substrat mangrove yang berada di Desa Pasar Banggi dan Desa Tireman, Kabupaten Rembang. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada bulan Juni - Juli 2018. Metode yang digunakan yaitu purposive sampling method dan eksploratif, dengan dasar pertimbangan berupa jenis, kerapatan serta diameter pohon mangrove. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan di tiga stasiun dengan kondisi rapat, sedang dan jarang. Setiap stasiun penelitian dibagi menjadi tiga plot penelitian, pengukuran diameter pohon dilakukan pada transek ukuran 10 x 10 m, diameter yang di ukur pada setiap plot yaitu hanya kategori pohon (diameter ≥ 5 cm). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, didapat bahwa simpanan karbon pada tegakan mangrove di Desa Pasar Banggi sebesar 9.620,451 ton/ha, dan Desa Tireman sebesar 4.633,618 ton/ha, sedangkan estimasi simpanan karbon pada substrat mangrove di Desa Pasar Banggi sebesar 920,982 ton/ha dan Desa Tireman sebesar 471,929 ton/ha. Mangrove ecosystems have ecological functions as carbon sinks and stores. Mangroves absorb CO2 during photosynthesis, then convert it to carbohydrates by storing it in the form of biomass in the body parts of mangrove plants. Research on the estimation of carbon stocks is very necessary to support the improvement of world climate. The sampling was conducted on June 2018 until July 2018. This research used purposive sampling and explorative method, with the consideration of the type, density and diameter of mangrove trees. Conducted in three stations with varying in the mangrove ecosystem conditions. Each research station was divided into three research plots, tree diameter measurements were carried out on 10 x 10 m transects, the diameter measured in each plot was only trees (≥ 5 cm diameter). The result of this research, it is found that carbon storage in mangrove stands Pasar Banggi Village is 9,620,451 ton/ha, and Tireman Village is 4,633,618 ton/ha. While estimated carbon storage the mangrove substrate in Pasar Banggi Village is 920,982 ton/ha and Tireman Village is 471,929 ton/ha. These result that estimates carbon storages in mangrove stands are greater than estimates of carbon storage on mangrove substrate. The estimation of carbon storage in the mangrove stands increases with increasing of plant biomass and mangrove density, while estimates of carbon storage on the substrate are tsuspected to be more influenced by organic matterial and the location reseach.

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Effect of SiO2 nanoparticles on drought resistance in hawthorn seedlings

Forest Research Papers ◽

10.1515/frp-2015-0034 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 76 (4) ◽

pp. 350-359 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Peyman Ashkavand ◽

Masoud Tabari ◽

Mehrdad Zarafshar ◽

Ivana Tomášková ◽

Daniel Struve

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Drought Resistance ◽

Crop Production ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

Proline Content ◽

Carotenoid Content ◽

Biochemical Basis ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Drought Conditions ◽

Physiological And Biochemical

Abstract Drought is a significant factor limiting crop production in arid regions while hawthorns (Crataegus sp.) are an important component of such region’s forests. Therefore, treatments that increase hawthorn drought resistance may also increase transplanting success. Thus, the physiological and biochemical responses of hawthorn seedlings to a factorial combination of different concentrations of silica nanoparticles (SNPs at 0, 10, 50 and 100 mg L−1) and three soil moisture treatments (without stress, moderate stress and severe stress) were investigated. Seedlings were irrigated with one of the four concentrations of SNPs for 45 days before exposing them to drought stress. Photosynthesis parameters, malondialdehyde (MDA), relative water content (RWC), membrane electrolyte leakage (ELI) as well as chlorophyll, carotenoid, carbohydrate and proline content were determined. At the end of the experiment, positive effects by SNP pre-treatment on physiological indexes were observed during drought stress. Under drought conditions, the effect of SNPs on photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance was evident. Although the SNPs increased plant biomass, xylem water potential and MDA content, especially under drought conditions, RWC and ELI were not affected by the SNP pre-treatments. Seedlings pre-treated with SNPs had a decreased carbohydrate and proline content under all water regimes, but especially so under drought. Total chlorophyll content and carotenoid content did not change among the treatments. Generally, the findings imply that SNPs play a positive role in maintaining critical physiological and biochemical functions in hawthorn seedlings under drought stress conditions. However, more studies are needed before the physiological and biochemical basis of induced drought resistance can be determined.

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