scholarly journals Sucrose degradation in sink and source poplar leaves treated with sulfite

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Lorenc-Plucińska ◽  
Anna Szadel ◽  
Andrzej Pluciński ◽  
Stanisława Pukacka
Keyword(s):  
Sucrose Synthase ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Acid Invertase ◽  
Transpiration Stream ◽  
Neutral Invertase ◽  
Specific Activities ◽  
Poplar Leaves

Sulfite at concentrations from 0.5 to 5.0 mM was supplied to illuminated, detached poplar (<em>Populus deltoides</em> Bartr. ex Marsh) leaves via the transpiration stream. Concentrations of chlorophyll <em>a</em> and <em>b</em>, carotenoids, glucose, fructose, sucrose and starch, and extractable specific activities of sucrose synthase (SuSy), acid invertase (AI) and neutral invertase (NI) were measured. In sink and source leaves chlorophylls and carotenoids appeared to be increased by sulfite at concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 5.0 mM. In source leaves the application of 5.0 mM and ≥ 2.5 mM sulfite led to a decrease in total nonstructural soluble sugars (sTNC) and starch, respectively. The specific activity of SuSy was enhanced by ≥ 0.5 mM sulfite. There was only a slight decline in the activity of Al and N1.In sink leaves sTNC decreased and starch increased under the influence of sulfite at concentrations ≤ 1.O mM and ≥ 0.5 mM, respectively. The effect of sulfite on the activity of At, NI and SuSy was negligible. However, in both development groups of leaves alterations in sucrose, glucose and fructose contents were observed. On the basis cf the obtained results we postulate that sulfite changes the sucrolytic activities primarily in source leaves and only marginally in sink leaves.

scholarly journals Activities of Sucrose and Sorbitol Metabolizing Enzymes in Vegetative Sinks of Peach and Correlation with Sink Growth Rate

1999 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccardo Lo Bianco ◽  
Mark Rieger ◽  
She-Jean S. Sung
Keyword(s):  
Sucrose Synthase ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Elongation Rate ◽  
Acid Invertase ◽  
Metabolizing Enzymes ◽  
Soluble Acid Invertase ◽  
Neutral Invertase ◽  
Soluble Acid ◽  
Carbohydrate Catabolism

Terminal portions of `Flordaguard' peach roots [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] were divided into six segments and the activities of NAD+-dependent sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), sorbitol oxidase (SOX), sucrose synthase (SS), soluble acid invertase (AI), and soluble neutral invertase (NI) were measured in each segment 10, 15, and 20 days after seed germination. The same type of experiment was conducted with terminal portions of `Flordaguard' and `Nemaguard' peach shoots except that one of the six segments consisted of the leaflets surrounding the apex. Independent of the age of individual roots, activities of SDH and AI were consistently highest in the meristematic portion and decreased with tissue maturation. In shoots, AI was the most active enzyme in the elongating portion subtending the apex, whereas SDH was primarily associated with meristematic tissues. A positive correlation between SDH and AI activities was found in various developmental zones of roots (r = 0.96) and shoots (r = 0.90). Sorbitol and sucrose contents were low in roots regardless of distance from tip, while sucrose showed a decreasing trend with distance and sorbitol, fructose, and glucose increased with distance from the meristem in shoots. Activity of SDH in internodes, but not apices, correlated with shoot elongation rate of both cultivars, whereas activities of other enzymes did not correlate with shoot elongation rate. We conclude that AI and SDH are the predominant enzymes of carbohydrate catabolism and the best indicators of sink growth and development in vegetative sinks of peach.

scholarly journals Non-Structural Carbohydrate Metabolism, Growth, and Productivity of Maize by Increasing Plant Density

Agronomy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jairo Cazetta ◽  
Marcos Revoredo
Keyword(s):  
Sucrose Synthase ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Crop Density ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Narrow Row

Increasing plant density seems to improve the productivity of maize crops, and the understanding of how the metabolism of non-structural carbohydrates is affected in plants under high crop density is critical. Thus, with the objective of further clarifying this issue, maize plants were subjected to densities from 30,000 to 90,000 plants ha−1, and the plant growth, soluble sugars and starch contents, invertase and sucrose synthase activities, and plant production were evaluated. We found that the stalk is more sensitive to the increasing plant density than leaves and kernels. The dry weight of the stalk and leaves per single plant decreased more drastically from low to intermediate plant densities, while grain production was reduced linearly in all plant density ranges, leading to higher values of harvest index in intermediate plant densities. The sucrose concentration did not change in leaves, stalk, or kernels of plants subjected to increasing plant densities at the R4 stage. Also, the specific activity of soluble invertase, bound invertase, and sucrose synthase did not change in leaf, stalk, or kernels of plants subjected to increased plant density. The productivity was increased with the increase in plant density, using narrow row (0.45 m) spacing.

Relationship between sucrose accumulation and activities of sucrose-phosphatase, sucrose synthase, neutral invertase and soluble acid invertase in micropropagated sugarcane plants

2002 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico A. Gutiérrez-Miceli ◽  
Martha A. Rodríguez-Mendiola ◽  
Neftalí Ochoa-Alejo ◽  
Ricardo Méndez-Salas ◽  
Luc Dendooven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sucrose Synthase ◽  
Acid Invertase ◽  
Sucrose Accumulation ◽  
Soluble Acid Invertase ◽  
Neutral Invertase ◽  
Soluble Acid

scholarly journals Acclimation of poplar trees to heavy metals in polluted habitats: l. Carbohydrate metabolism in fine roots of Populus deltoides

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Lorenc-Plucińska ◽  
Krzysztof Stobrawa
Keyword(s):  
Fine Roots ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Control Site ◽  
Pentose Phosphate ◽  
Polluted Site ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Specific Activities

Concentrations of total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC), soluble carbohydrates, starch, sucrose, glucose, fructose, raffinose, galactose, stachyose, mannitol and specific activities of soluble acid (AI) and neutral (NI) invertases, sucrose synthase (SuSy), hexokinase (HK), fructokinase (FK), glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) were analyzed in fine roots of <em>Populus deltoides</em> Bartr. ex Marsh growing at a polluted site (near copper smelters) and a control site (free from heavy pollution). Also chemical properties of the soil from both sites were assessed. In comparison with the control, fine roots from the polluted site contained greater concentrations of TNC, soluble sugars, starch and sucrose but less hexoses, so they had higher values of sucrolysis index (sucrose/hexoses). The activity of AI, NI and SuSy declined insignificantly, while specific activities of HK, FK, GAPDH and G6PDH were significantly inhibited. The results suggest that a long-term heavy metal stress leads to an accumulation of carbohydrates and altering activities of glycolysis and the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway in fine roots.

An International Collaborative Study to Investigate Standardisation of Hirudin Potency

1993 ◽  
Vol 69 (05) ◽  
pp. 430-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Longstaff ◽  
Man-Yu Wong ◽  
Patrick J Gaffney
Keyword(s):  
Specific Activity ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Assay Procedure ◽  
Specific Activities ◽  
International Collaborative ◽  
Range Of Values ◽  
International Collaborative Study

SummaryAn international collaborative study has been carried out to investigate the reproducibility of hirudin assays in 13 laboratories using four recombinant hirudins and one natural, sulphated product. A simple assay procedure was proposed involving the titration of α-thrombin with inhibitor and measurement of residual activity using a chromogenic substrate. A standard α-thrombin preparation was supplied to ensure that this reagent was of uniform quality throughout the study. The method appeared to present no difficulties and laboratories reported similar potencies for the 5 hirudin samples, in line with expected values. This gave 200–222 Thrombin Inhibitory Units/ampoule (TIU/ampoule) of lyophilised hirudin, with geometric coefficient of variation (gcv) values ranging from 10.15–15.97%. This corresponds to specific activities of approximately 14,300–15,900 TIU/mg protein. This is close to the upper limit of previously reported values of specific activity. We conclude that the precision of this determination compared with the wider range of values in the literature (8,000–16,000 thrombin inhibitory units [TIU]/mg) results from the use of good quality standard α-thrombin by all laboratories. This study has important implications for hirudin standardisation.

scholarly journals Gut Digestive Function and Microbiome after Correction of Experimental Dysbiosis in Rats by Indigenous Bifidobacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 522
Author(s):  
Lyudmila V. Gromova ◽  
Elena I. Ermolenko ◽  
Anastasiya L. Sepp ◽  
Yulia V. Dmitrieva ◽  
Anna S. Alekseeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Enteropathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Beneficial Bacteria ◽  
Opportunistic Bacteria ◽  
Dyspeptic Symptoms ◽  
Specific Activities ◽  
Impaired Motor Function

In recent years, great interest has arisen in the use of autoprobiotics (indigenous bacteria isolated from the organism and introduced into the same organism after growing). This study aimed to evaluate the effects of indigenous bifidobacteria on intestinal microbiota and digestive enzymes in a rat model of antibiotic-associated dysbiosis. Our results showed that indigenous bifidobacteria (the Bf group) accelerate the disappearance of dyspeptic symptoms in rats and prevent an increase in chyme mass in the upper intestine compared to the group without autoprobiotics (the C1 group), but significantly increase the mass of chyme in the colon compared to the C1 group and the control group (healthy animals). In the Bf group in the gut microbiota, the content of opportunistic bacteria (Proteus spp., enteropathogenic Escherichia coli) decreased, and the content of some beneficial bacteria (Bifidobacterium spp., Dorea spp., Blautia spp., the genus Ruminococcus, Prevotella, Oscillospira) changed compared to the control group. Unlike the C1 group, in the Bf group there was no decrease in the specific activities of maltase and alkaline phosphatase in the mucosa of the upper intestine, but the specific activity of maltase was decreased in the colon chyme compared to the control and C1 groups. In the Bf group, the specific activity of aminopeptidase N was reduced in the duodenum mucosa and the colon chyme compared to the control group. We concluded that indigenous bifidobacteria can protect the microbiota and intestinal digestive enzymes in the intestine from disorders caused by dysbiosis; however, there may be impaired motor function of the colon.

scholarly journals THE Ah PHENOTYPE. SURVEY OF FORTY-EIGHT RAT STRAINS AND TWENTY INBRED MOUSE STRAINS

Genetics ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-87
Author(s):  
Daniel W Nebert ◽  
Nancy M Jensen ◽  
Hisashi Shinozuka ◽  
Heinz W Kunz ◽  
Thomas J Gill
Keyword(s):  
Specific Activity ◽  
Inbred Mouse ◽  
Inbred Mouse Strain ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Ah Receptor ◽  
Inbred Mouse Strains ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Rat Strains ◽  
Specific Activities ◽  
Inbred Rat

ABSTRACT Forty-four inbred and four randombred rat strains and 20 inbred mouse strains were examined for their Ah phenotype by determining the induction of liver microsomal aryl hydrocarbon (benzo[a]pyrene) hydroxylase activity (EC 1.14.14.1) by intraperitoneal treatment with either β-naphthoflavone or 3-methylcholanthrene. All 48 rat strains were found to be Ah-responsive. The maximally induced hydroxylase specific activities of the ALB/Pit, MNR/Pit, MR/Pit, SHR/Pit, and Sprague-Dawley strains were of the same order of magnitude as the basal hydroxylase specific activities of the ACI/Pit, F344/Pit, OKA/Pit, and MNR/N strains. Six of the 20 mouse strains were Ah-nonresponsive (i.e. lacking the normal induction response and presumably lacking detectable amounts of the Ah receptor). The basal hydroxylase specific activities of the BDL/N, NFS/N, STAR/N, and ST/JN mouse strains were more than twice as high as the maximally induced hydroxylase specific activity of the CBA/HT strain.——To date, 24 Ah-nonresponsive mouse strains have been identified, out of a total of 68 known to have been characterized. The reasons for not finding a single Ah-nonresponsive inbred rat strain—as compared with about one Ah-nonresponsive inbred mouse strain found for every three examined—remain unknown.

scholarly journals Regulation of lipogenic capacity in lactating rats

1982 ◽  
Vol 208 (3) ◽  
pp. 611-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
M R Grigor ◽  
A Geursen ◽  
M J Sneyd ◽  
S M Warren
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Malic Enzyme ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Lipogenic Enzymes ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Specific Activities

1. The rate of mammary-gland lipogenesis measured in vivo from 3H2O was suppressed after decreasing the milk demand by decreasing the number of pups from ten to two or three, as well as by giving diets containing lipid [Grigor & Warren (1980) Biochem. J. 188, 61-65]. 2. The specific activities of the lipogenic enzymes fatty acid synthase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and ‘malic’ enzyme increased between 6- and 10-fold in the mammary gland and between 2- and 3-fold in the livers during the first 10 days of lactation. The increases in specific activity coupled with the doubling of liver mass which occurred during pregnancy and lactation resulted in considerable differences in total liver activities when compared with virgin animals. 3. Although consumption of a diet containing 20% peanut oil suppressed the activities of the three lipogenic enzymes in the livers, only the ‘malic’ enzyme was affected in the mammary glands. 4. In contrast, decreased milk demand did not affect the specific activities of any of the liver enzymes, whereas it resulted in suppression of all three lipogenic enzymes of the mammary glands. There was no effect on either the cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase or the lactate dehydrogenase of the mammary gland. 5. In all the experiments performed, the activity of the fatty acid synthase correlated with the amount of material precipitated by the rabbit antibody raised against rat fatty acid synthase.

scholarly journals Partial purification of presynaptic plasma membrane by immunoadsorption.

1982 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
G P Miljanich ◽  
A R Brasier ◽  
R B Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Synaptic Vesicle ◽  
Nerve Terminal ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Electric Organ ◽  
Partial Purification ◽  
Vesicle Membrane ◽  
Specific Activities ◽  
Active Zones ◽  
Presynaptic Plasma Membrane

During transmitter release, synaptic vesicle membrane is specifically inserted into the nerve terminal plasma membrane only at specialized sites or "active zones." In an attempt to obtain a membrane fraction enriched in active zones, we have utilized the electric organ of the marine ray. From this organ, a fraction enriched in nerve terminals (synaptosomes) was prepared by conventional means. These synaptosomes were bound to microscopic beads by an antiserum to purified electric organ synaptic vesicles (anti-SV). The success of this immunoadsorption procedure was demonstrated by increased specific activities of bead-bound nerve terminal cytoplasmic markers and decreased specific activities of markers for contaminating membranes. To obtain a presynaptic plasma membrane (PSPM) fraction, we lysed the bead-bound synaptosomes by hypoosmotic shock and sonication, resulting in complete release of cytoplasmic markers. When the synaptosomal fraction was surface-labeled with iodine before immunoadsorption, 10% of this label remained bead-bound after lysis, compared with 2% of the total protein, indicating an approximately fivefold enrichment of bead-bound plasma membrane. Concomitantly, the specific activity of bead-bound anti-SV increased approximately 30-fold, indicating an enrichment of plasma membrane which contained inserted synaptic vesicle components. This PSPM preparation is not simply synaptic vesicle membrane since two-dimensional electrophoresis revealed that the polypeptides of the surface-iodinated PSPM preparation include both vesicle and numerous nonvesicle components. Secondly, antiserum to the PSPM fraction is markedly different from anti-SV and binds to external, nonvesicle, nerve terminal components.

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