Relative contribution of stomatal parameters in influencing WUE among rice mutants differing in leaf mass area

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-495
Author(s):  
Sowmya Handenahally Reddy ◽  
Maria Vera Jesus Da Costa ◽  
Sumanth Kumar Kambalimath ◽  
P. Rajanna Mavinahalli ◽  
Raveendran Muthurajan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Mass ◽  
Leaf Mass Area ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Stomatal Parameters

Leaf mass area determines water use efficiency through its influence on carbon gain in rice mutants

2020 ◽  
Vol 169 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sowmya Handenahally Reddy ◽  
Rajesh Kumar Singhal ◽  
Maria Vera Jesus DaCosta ◽  
Sumanth Kumar Kambalimath ◽  
Mavinahalli P Rajanna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Carbon Gain ◽  
Leaf Mass ◽  
Leaf Mass Area ◽  
Use Efficiency

scholarly journals Divergent Leaf Morpho-Physiological and Anatomical Adaptations of Four Lettuce Cultivars in Response to Different Greenhouse Irradiance Levels in Early Summer Season

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1179
Author(s):  
Luigi Formisano ◽  
Michele Ciriello ◽  
Valerio Cirillo ◽  
Antonio Pannico ◽  
Christophe El-Nakhel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
High Irradiance ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Leaf Mass ◽  
Leaf Mass Area ◽  
Adaptive Mechanisms

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is a winter-spring leafy vegetable, but the high demand for fresh products available year-round requires off-season production. However, the warm climate of the Mediterranean areas can impair the summer production of lettuce, thus requiring the adoption of genotypes tolerant to high irradiance as well as useful agronomic strategies like shading net installations. The aim of our research was to assess the leaf morpho-physiological and anatomical changes, in addition to productive responses, of four lettuce cultivars (‘Ballerina’, ‘Maravilla De Verano Canasta’, ‘Opalix‘, and ‘Integral’) grown under shading and non-shading conditions to unveil the adaptive mechanisms of this crop in response to sub-optimal microclimate (high irradiance and temperature) in a protected environment. Growth and yield parameters, leaf gas exchanges, chlorophyll fluorescence and morpho-anatomical leaf traits (i.e., leaf mass area, stomatal density and epidermal cell density) were determined. Under shading conditions, the fresh yields of the cultivars ‘Ballerina’, ‘Opalix’ (‘Oak leaf’) and ‘Integral’ (‘Romaine’) increased by 16.0%, 26.9% and 13.2% respectively, compared to non-shading conditions while both abaxial and adaxial stomatal density decreased. In contrast, ‘Canasta’ under non-shading conditions increased fresh yield, dry biomass and instantaneous water use efficiency by 9.6%, 18.0% and 15.7%, respectively, while reduced abaxial stomatal density by 30.4%, compared to shading conditions. Regardless of cultivar, the unshaded treatment increased the leaf mass area by 19.5%. Even though high light intensity and high temperature are critical limiting factors for summer lettuce cultivation in a protected environment, ‘Canasta’ showed the most effective adaptive mechanisms and had the best production performance under sub-optimal microclimatic conditions. However, greenhouse coverage with a white shading net (49% screening) proved to be a suitable agricultural practice that ensured an adequate microclimate for the off-season growth of more sensitive cultivars ‘Ballerina’, ‘Oak leaf’ and ‘Romaine’.

scholarly journals Similar irradiance-elicited plasticity of leaf traits in saplings of 12 tropical rainforest tree species with highly different leaf masstoarea ratio

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Coste ◽  
Jean-Christophe Roggy ◽  
Gregory Sonnier ◽  
Erwin Dreyer
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Plasticity Index ◽  
Relative Distance ◽  
Leaf Mass ◽  
Leaf Mass Area

Leaf traits of tropical tree species display an important inter-specific diversity, as detected for instance in the large range of values of leaf mass : area ratio (LMA). They also demonstrate a large irradiance-elicited plasticity, but there is still debate whether this plasticity differs among species. To address this question, leaf traits were recorded on saplings from 12 rainforest tree species in French Guiana, grown under approximately 5, 10 and 20% relative irradiance. Fifteen structural and physiological leaf traits related to photosynthesis were measured. The irradiance-elicited plasticity was quantified using a relative distance plasticity index. A large inter-specific diversity was detected for all leaf traits. A principal component analysis opposed species with a large mass-based photosynthesis, respiration, N content and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency, to species with a large leaf mass : area ratio, LMA. The two pioneer species used in this study displayed the largest photosynthetic capacity (and lowest LMA) and ranked at one end of the species continuum. Relative irradiance affected almost all traits with the exception of mass-based photosynthesis. A weak interaction was found between species and relative irradiance and the species ranking was maintained among relative irradiance treatments for the majority of the traits. A principal component analysis of the values of relative-distance plasticity index failed to reveal any consistent patterns of traits or species. We concluded that irradiance-elicited plasticity of leaf traits was similar among species irrespective of LMA and successional status, despite the occurrence of a large inter-specific diversity for the investigated traits.

Multidimensional Anxiety and Content-specificity Effects in Preferential Processing of Threat

2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 252-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel G. Calvo ◽  
P. Avero ◽  
M. Dolores Castillo ◽  
Juan J. Miguel-Tobal
Keyword(s):  
Selective Attention ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Naming Task ◽  
Color Naming ◽  
Memory Bias ◽  
Ego Threat ◽  
Phobic Anxiety ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Content Specificity ◽  
Specificity Effects

We examined the relative contribution of specific components of multidimensional anxiety to cognitive biases in the processing of threat-related information in three experiments. Attentional bias was assessed by the emotional Stroop word color-naming task, interpretative bias by an on-line inference processing task, and explicit memory bias by sensitivity (d') and response criterion (β) from word-recognition scores. Multiple regression analyses revealed, first, that phobic anxiety and evaluative anxiety predicted selective attention to physical- and ego-threat information, respectively; cognitive anxiety predicted selective attention to both types of threat. Second, phobic anxiety predicted inhibition of inferences related to physically threatening outcomes of ambiguous situations. And, third, evaluative anxiety predicted a response bias, rather than a genuine memory bias, in the reporting of presented and nonpresented ego-threat information. Other anxiety components, such as motor and physiological anxiety, or interpersonal and daily-routines anxiety made no specific contribution to any cognitive bias. Multidimensional anxiety measures are useful for detecting content-specificity effects in cognitive biases.

Thoracic duct lymph. Relative contribution from splanchnic and muscle tissue

Diabetes ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 720-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Steil ◽  
M. A. Meador ◽  
R. N. Bergman
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Thoracic Duct Lymph ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Duct Lymph

Infant-Directed Speech Effects in Adult Artificial Grammar Learning

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krisztina Sára Lukics ◽  
Ágnes Lukács
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
First Language ◽  
Higher Learning ◽  
Artificial Grammar ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
First Language Acquisition ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Grammar Learning ◽  
Learning Rates

First language acquisition is facilitated by several characteristics of infant-directed speech, but we know little about their relative contribution to learning different aspects of language. We investigated infant-directed speech effects on the acquisition of a linear artificial grammar in two experiments. We examined the effect of incremental presentation of strings (starting small) and prosody (comparing monotonous, arbitrary and phrase prosody). Presenting shorter strings before longer ones led to higher learning rates compared to random presentation. Prosody marking phrases had a similar effect, yet, prosody without marking syntactic units did not facilitate learning. These studies were the first to test the starting small effect with a linear artificial grammar, and also the first to investigate the combined effect of starting small and prosody. Our results suggest that starting small and prosody facilitate the extraction of regularities from artificial linguistic stimuli, indicating they may play an important role in natural language acquisition.

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