Orthorexia nervosa and executive dysfunction: symptomatology is related to difficulties with behavioral regulation

Orthorexia Nervosa and Executive Dysfunction: Symptomatology is Related to Difficulties with Behavioral Regulation

10.21203/rs.3.rs-704287/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Natalie A. Noebel ◽

Crystal D. Oberle ◽

Haley S. Marcell

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Executive Function ◽

Body Mass ◽

Executive Dysfunction ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Orthorexia Nervosa ◽

Behavioral Regulation ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

Neuropsychological Profile

Abstract PurposeThis research explored whether orthorexia nervosa is associated with deficits in executive function.MethodParticipants ( n = 405; 80% women, 53% White, mean age = 24, mean body mass index = 25) completed the Orthorexia Nervosa Inventory (ONI) and the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function—Adult version (BRIEF-A). ResultsONI scores were significantly correlated with all BRIEF-A scales, exhibiting the strongest correlations with the scales assessing behavioral regulation: Set Shifting, Inhibition, Emotional Control, and Self-Monitoring. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that these relationships remained significant after controlling for demographic variables (e.g., gender, body mass index, age, education level) and diagnoses of an eating disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism, and learning disability. ConclusionThese findings suggest that, despite unique manifestations, orthorexia and anorexia may possess an overlapping neuropsychological profile marked by deficits in executive function, which may negatively impact daily life.Level of evidenceLevel V, descriptive cross-sectional study

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Cognitive rehabilitation for brain tumor survivors: A pilot study.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2016.34.3_suppl.140 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 34 (3_suppl) ◽

pp. 140-140

Author(s):

Nadine M. Richard ◽

Lori J. Bernstein ◽

Warren P. Mason ◽

Normand Laperriere ◽

Caroline Chung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brain Tumor ◽

Pilot Study ◽

Cognitive Dysfunction ◽

Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Executive Dysfunction ◽

Management Training ◽

Strategy Training ◽

Individual Treatment ◽

Behavioral Regulation

140 Background: Brain tumor survivors often face unique challenges from chronic cognitive deficits such as memory problems or executive dysfunction. Cognitive rehabilitation is a relatively new field. With few well-controlled studies in cancer patients, oncology and supportive care teams lack accessible, reliable tools to address cognitive dysfunction. This pilot study evaluated the feasibility and potential efficacy of two behavioral interventions for brain tumor survivors. Methods: We compared two programs, each with 8 individual treatment sessions and daily homework. Goal Management Training (GMT) is a neuroscience-based integration of mindfulness and strategy training. The Brain Health Workshop (BHW) offers supportive psychoeducation about living with a brain tumor. Using a prospective randomized design, 6 brain tumor patients (with chronic cognitive dysfunction, ≥ 3 months post-radiation or surgery) were enrolled in GMT or BHW and completed a battery of measures at baseline and post-training. Composite scores were calculated by domain, with objective tests of attention, processing speed, memory, and executive functioning, and subjective measures of coping, mood, behavioral regulation and cognitive symptoms. Patient feedback was obtained in post-training qualitative interviews. Results: All patients (Table 1) completed all study activities. Analyses of group differences in composite change scores showed greater improvement in executive functions and greater attainment of pre-training functional goals in the GMT group (p's < .05). The BHW group showed a trend toward greater improvement in mood and behavioral regulation that did not reach statistical significance. Patients in both groups reported satisfaction with their program and continued, frequent (daily to every other day) use of their new knowledge following training. Conclusions: This pilot study demonstrated the feasibility of cognitive rehabilitation for brain tumor survivors between 1 and 8 years post-diagnosis. Results suggest unique benefits of each intervention that will be further explored in a larger clinical trial. [Table: see text]

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