On Response Strength and the Concept of Response Classes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Response Strength

Response Strength of Young Children in Operant Audiometry

1985 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Primus ◽  
Gary Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Response Strength ◽  
Ratio Schedule ◽  
Intermittent Reinforcement ◽  
Response Recovery ◽  
Conditioning Rate ◽  
Response Performance ◽  
Response Consistency ◽  
Measured Response ◽  
Response Habituation

An operant conditioning discrimination paradigm was evaluated in terms of relationships between response behavior of young children and two stimulus components of the paradigm, the discriminative stimulus (DS) and the reinforcing stimulus (RS). Experiment I measured response performance in normal 1-year-old subjects as a function of differences in intensity and/or complexity among three DSs. Results showed no significant differences in conditioning rate, habituation, or consistency of the conditioned response relative to variable properties of the DS. Experiment II examined response performance of normal 2-year-old children as a function of two modifications in the RS, reinforcement schedule and reinforcement novelty. Subjects reinforced on a variable-ratio schedule of intermittent reinforcement and subjects reinforced on a 100% schedule demonstrated equivalent response habituation and consistency. In the second part of the experiment, subjects receiving novel RSs showed significantly greater response recovery than subjects reinforced with familiar RSs. Comparison of normal 1- and 2-year-old children revealed similar rates of conditioning and response consistency. However, 2-year-olds habituated more rapidly than 1-year-olds.

scholarly journals Ag-Yb Alloy-Novel Tunable Plasmonic Material

Photonics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 288
Author(s):  
Suetying Ching ◽  
Chakming Chan ◽  
Jack Ng ◽  
Kokwai Cheah
Keyword(s):  
Beam Steering ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Response Strength ◽  
Transmission Efficiency ◽  
Spatial Light Modulators ◽  
Alloy Thin Film ◽  
Ellipsometric Measurement ◽  
Plasmonic Material ◽  
Light Modulators ◽  
Surface Plasmon Coupling

Metals are commonly used in plasmonic devices because of their strong plasmonic property. However, such properties are not easily tuned. For applications such as spatial light modulators and beam steering, tunable plasmonic properties are essential, and neither metals nor other plasmonic materials possess truly tunable plasmonic properties. In this work, we show that the silver alloy silver–ytterbium (Ag-Yb) possesses tunable plasmonic properties; its plasmonic response strength can be adjusted as a function of Yb concentration. Such tunability can be explained in terms of the influence of Yb on bound charge and interaction of its dielectric with the dielectric of Ag. The change in transition characteristics progressively weakens Ag’s plasmonic properties. With a spectral ellipsometric measurement, it was shown that the Ag-Yb alloy thin film retains the properties of Ag with high transmission efficiency. The weakened surface plasmon coupling strength without dramatic change in the coupling wavelengths implies that the tunability of the Ag-Yb alloy is related to its volume ratio. The principle mechanism of the plasmonic change is theoretically explained using a model. This work points to a potential new type of tunable plasmonic material.

scholarly journals Rocker outsole shoe is not a threat to postural stability in patients with diabetic neuropathy

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Banafshe Ghomian ◽  
Mojtaba Kamyab ◽  
Hassan Jafari ◽  
Mohammadebrahim Khamseh ◽  
Aoife Healy
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Neuropathy ◽  
Response Latency ◽  
Postural Stability ◽  
Response Strength ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Foot Ulceration ◽  
Objective Evidence ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Force Displacement

Background: Rocker outsole shoes are commonly prescribed to patients with diabetic neuropathy to offload a particular area of the foot sole, thereby decreasing the risk of foot ulceration. Contrary to this, some evidence has reported a postural destabilising effect of these shoes in healthy adults. Objective: To explore the postural stability of patients with diabetic neuropathy who wear a rocker outsole shoe. Study design: Quasi-experimental. Method: In total, 17 patients with diabetic neuropathy (aged 49.29 ± 7.48 years; 7 female, 10 males) participated in this study. A Motor Control Test measuring centre of force displacement, response strength scale and response latency in medium and large perturbations was conducted using the EquiTest system to evaluate postural stability while wearing a baseline shoe (without a rocker outsole) or a rocker outsole shoe (with a toe-only rocker sole). Results: No significant difference was observed between the shoe conditions in centre of force displacement and response latency of the participants (p > 0.05). The results indicated a significant increase in the response strength scale of participants by the rocker outsole, for medium forward and backward and large forward perturbations ( p = 0.014, p = 0.001 and p = 0.027, respectively). Conclusion: When the immediate effect is a concern, the rocker outsole shoe did not negatively affect postural stability in patients with diabetic neuropathy. Clinical relevance This article will provide objective evidence about the effect of rocker outsole on postural balance in diabetic patients. In prescription of rocker outsole to prevent plantar ulceration of diabetic foot, immediate postural destabilising is not a concern.

scholarly journals Stability of response strength hierarchies in continued word association

1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 129-130
Author(s):  
Burton G. Andreas ◽  
Michael Mills
Keyword(s):  
Word Association ◽  
Response Strength

scholarly journals Research on Semiactive Control of Civil Engineering Structure Based on Neural Network

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Longji Jian ◽  
Feifei Song ◽  
Yuansong Huang
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Civil Engineering ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Response Strength ◽  
Control Model ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Semiactive Control ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Engineering Structure ◽  
Civil Engineering Structure

In order to improve the strength of civil engineering structure, a semiactive control model of civil engineering structure based on neural network is proposed, and the control constraint parameter model of semiactive regulation of civil engineering structure is constructed. Combined with the controlled object model, the semiactive control model of civil engineering structure is designed, the mechanical analysis model of civil engineering structure is established, and the semiactive regulation of civil engineering structure is carried out by the small disturbance suppression method. The semiactive adjustment of civil engineering structure is carried out by using the structural strength fusion tracking method. Taking the internal strength and shock yield response of civil engineering structure as constraint parameters, the semiactive control of civil engineering structure is carried out and PID neural network is used to optimize the control system. The simulation results show that the semiactive control of civil engineering structure with this method has good stability, and the strength and yield response strength of civil engineering structure are improved, and it has good control efficiency.

scholarly journals The effect of the spacing of background elements upon optomotor memory responses in the crab: the influence of adding or deleting features during darkness

1977 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-46
Author(s):  
R. Hirsh ◽  
C. A. Wiersma
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Dark Period ◽  
Response Strength ◽  
White Space ◽  
Memory Response ◽  
Stripe Width

1. Study was made of the effect of separation between stripes in the visual field upon responses which indicate memory of those stripes. 2. The amount of separation between white stripes had very little effect, whereas response strength and the amount of separation between black stripes were directly proportional. 3. The presence of extra, non-displaced black stripes prior to or following displacement reduced the size of the memory responses. 4. The effects of the amount of separation in the two cases were comparable. In both situations the separation affected only the responses to displacement of the stripe borders nearest to the extra stripe. 5. The effect of extra stripes present prior to displacement was in turn affected by the duration of the dark period, whilst the effect of those present during the post-displacement period was not. This accounts for the larger effect of extra stripes present during the psot-displacement period. 6. By expanding stripe width during darkness it was possible to distinguish between the effects of distance between stripes and the amount of white space separating them. Reducing white space while distance remains constant causes reductions in response strength, whereas reducing the distance between a memory zone and the white space between it and the neighboring stripe increased the size of the memory response.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document