The Influence of Racial/Ethnic Discrimination Experiences on Cigarette Craving for African American and Hispanic Smokers

Objectives: This study investigated a) racial/ethnic differences in past-year discrimination experiences and b) associations between discrimination and smoking abstinence.Design: Prospective, longitudinal analysis of smoking status. Perceived past-year discrimination was assessed at baseline. ANCOVAs and intent-to-treat hierarchical logistic regressions were conducted.Setting: Dual-site (Tampa, FL and Miami, FL) randomized controlled trial testing the effects of a group cessation intervention plus pharmacotherapy.Participants: Treatment-seeking adult smokers (N=347; non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic African American/Black, or Hispanic).Main Outcome Measures: Biochemically verified 7-day point prevalence abstinence (7-day ppa) was assessed immediately post-intervention and at 6-month follow-up.Results: After controlling for covariates, African Americans/Blacks reported greater perceived discrimination compared with non-Hispanic Whites (P=.02), and Hispanics (P=.06). Non-Hispanic Whites and Hispanics did not differ in perceived racial/ethnic discrimination experiences over the past year. Irrespective of race/ ethnicity, past-year perceived discrimination was inversely associated with 7-day ppa, both post-intervention (AOR=.97, CI: .95-.99) and at 6-months (AOR=.98, CI: .96-.99). Among African Americans/Blacks, past-year perceived discrimination was inversely associated with 7-day ppa, both post-intervention (AOR=.95, CI: .92-.97) and at 6-months (AOR=.97, CI: .94-.99). Perceived discrimination was unrelated to 7-day ppa among Hispanics. Among non-Hispanic Whites, past-year perceived discrimination was inversely associated with post-intervention 7-day ppa (AOR=.95, CI: .91-.99), but not 6-months.Conclusions: Perceived racial/ethnic discrimination was greater among African American/Black smokers compared with non-Hispanic Whites. Perceived discrimination was negatively associated with tobacco cessation in the full sample, and for African Americans at 6-months post-intervention. These data have implications for intervention delivery and health disparities.Ethn Dis. 2020;30(3):411-420; doi:10.18865/ed.30.3.411

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Clinician–Patient Racial/Ethnic Concordance Influences Racial/Ethnic Minority Pain: Evidence from Simulated Clinical Interactions

Pain Medicine ◽

10.1093/pm/pnaa258 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (11) ◽

pp. 3109-3125 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Steven R Anderson ◽

Morgan Gianola ◽

Jenna M Perry ◽

Elizabeth A Reynolds Losin

Keyword(s):

African American ◽

Pain Treatment ◽

The United States ◽

Ethnic Discrimination ◽

Medical Procedure ◽

Black African ◽

Clinical Interactions ◽

Racial Ethnic ◽

Hispanic White ◽

White Patients

Abstract Objective Racial and ethnic minorities in the United States report higher levels of both clinical and experimental pain, yet frequently receive inadequate pain treatment. Although these disparities are well documented, their underlying causes remain largely unknown. Evidence from social psychological and health disparities research suggests that clinician–patient racial/ethnic concordance may improve minority patient health outcomes. Yet whether clinician–patient racial/ethnic concordance influences pain remains poorly understood. Methods Medical trainees and community members/undergraduates played the role of “clinicians” and “patients,” respectively, in simulated clinical interactions. All participants identified as non-Hispanic Black/African American, Hispanic white, or non-Hispanic white. Interactions were randomized to be either racially/ethnically concordant or discordant in a 3 (clinician race/ethnicity) × 2 (clinician–patient racial/ethnic concordance) factorial design. Clinicians took the medical history and vital signs of the patient and administered an analogue of a painful medical procedure. Results As predicted, clinician–patient racial/ethnic concordance reduced self-reported and physiological indicators of pain for non-Hispanic Black/African American patients and did not influence pain for non-Hispanic white patients. Contrary to our prediction, concordance was associated with increased pain report in Hispanic white patients. Finally, the influence of concordance on pain-induced physiological arousal was largest for patients who reported prior experience with or current worry about racial/ethnic discrimination. Conclusions Our findings inform our understanding of the sociocultural factors that influence pain within medical contexts and suggest that increasing minority, particularly non-Hispanic Black/African American, physician numbers may help reduce persistent racial/ethnic pain disparities.

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Self-reported racial/ethnic discrimination and bronchodilator response in African American youth with asthma

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0179091 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. e0179091 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Sonia Carlson ◽

Luisa N. Borrell ◽

Celeste Eng ◽

Myngoc Nguyen ◽

Shannon Thyne ◽

...

Keyword(s):

African American ◽

African American Youth ◽

Ethnic Discrimination ◽

Bronchodilator Response ◽

Racial Ethnic

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School-Related Barriers that might be Impeding Academic Success for African American Girls

Journal of Educational & Psychological Research ◽

10.33140/jepr.02.03.02 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

Keyword(s):

African American ◽

Academic Success ◽

Ethnic Discrimination ◽

African American Girls ◽

Teachers Perceptions ◽

White Girls ◽

Main Effect ◽

Race Ethnicity ◽

Racial Ethnic ◽

School Records

This study explored African American girls’ perceived racial/ethnic discrimination and teachers’ perceptions to understand the unique impact of each on educational outcomes for African American girls compared to girls from other racial/ethnic groups. The sample included 2,384 7th grade girls. In this multi-informant study, girls completed a survey that included ratings of perceived teacher discrimination, teachers rated the girls on academic engagement and antisocial behavior, and end-of-the-year GPA for each girl was gathered from school records data. One-way ANOVA revealed a main effect of race/ethnicity, such that African American girls reported higher levels of racial/ethnic discrimination, had a lower GPA, and were rated by their teachers as less engaged and more anti-social compared to Asian, Latinx, and white girls. Regression analysis revealed that, compared to white and Asian girls, low teacher perceived engagement was related to lower achievement for African American girls. These results highlight the need to analyze the educational experiences that African American girls are facing.

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Racial/Ethnic Differences in Alcohol and Drug Misuse Among IPV-Victimized Women: Exploring the Role of Difficulties Regulating Positive Emotions

Journal of Interpersonal Violence ◽

10.1177/0886260520943735 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 088626052094373

Author(s):

Nicole H. Weiss ◽

Melissa R. Schick ◽

Ateka A. Contractor ◽

Miranda E. Reyes ◽

Nazaret C. Suazo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

African American ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Positive Emotions ◽

Past Research ◽

Drug Misuse ◽

Emotional Dysfunction ◽

Culturally Sensitive Interventions ◽

Race Ethnicity ◽

Racial Ethnic

Alcohol and drug misuse is prevalent and problematic among women who experience intimate partner violence (IPV). Emotional dysfunction has been identified as a key mechanism in the etiology, maintenance, and treatment of alcohol and drug misuse. However, existing research has not considered the role of race/ethnicity in the relations between emotional dysfunction and alcohol and drug misuse. Furthermore, past research in this area has focused almost exclusively on emotional dysfunction stemming from negative (vs. positive) emotions. The goals of the current study were as follows: (a) to explore whether levels of difficulties regulating positive emotions differ among Latina, African American, and White IPV-victimized women, and (b) to examine the moderating role of race/ethnicity in the relations between difficulties regulating positive emotions and alcohol and drug misuse. Participants were 197 IPV-victimized women recruited through the criminal justice system ( Mage = 36.14; 51.8% African American, 31.5% White, and 16.8% Latina). Difficulties regulating positive emotions did not differ as a function of race/ethnicity. However, relations among difficulties regulating positive emotions and alcohol and drug misuse were significant for Latina and White but not African American IPV-victimized women. Moreover, race/ethnicity moderated an association between difficulties regulating positive emotions and drug misuse; this relation was significant and positive for White (compared with African American) IPV-victimized women. While preliminary, these results may inform culturally sensitive interventions for alcohol and drug misuse that are tailored to the unique needs of Latina, African American, and White IPV-victimized women.

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Perceived neighborhood disorder, racial-ethnic discrimination and leading risk factors for chronic disease among women: California Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2013

SSM - Population Health ◽

10.1016/j.ssmph.2018.07.001 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. 227-238 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jesse J. Plascak ◽

Bernadette Hohl ◽

Wendy E. Barrington ◽

Shirley AA Beresford

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Surveillance System ◽

Ethnic Discrimination ◽

Behavioral Risk ◽

Neighborhood Disorder ◽

Behavioral Risk Factor ◽

Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance ◽

Risk Factor Surveillance ◽

Racial Ethnic

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Perceived racial/ethnic discrimination among young adult college students: Prevalence rates and associations with mental health

Journal of American College Health ◽

10.1080/07448481.2021.1954012 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Adrian J. Bravo ◽

Emma Wedell ◽

Margo C. Villarosa-Hurlocker ◽

Alison Looby ◽

Cheryl L. Dickter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

College Students ◽

Young Adult ◽

Ethnic Discrimination ◽

Prevalence Rates ◽

Adult College Students ◽

Racial Ethnic

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Racial/Ethnic Perceptions from Hispanic Names: Selecting Names to Test for Discrimination

Socius Sociological Research for a Dynamic World ◽

10.1177/2378023117737193 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 237802311773719 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

S. Michael Gaddis

Keyword(s):

Ethnic Discrimination ◽

Survey Experiment ◽

Hispanic Ethnicity ◽

Discrimination In Employment ◽

Racial Ethnic

Researchers increasingly use correspondence audit studies to study racial/ethnic discrimination in employment, housing, and other domains. Although this method provides strong causal evidence of racial/ethnic discrimination, these claims depend on the signal being clearly conveyed through names. Few studies have pretested individual racial and ethnic perceptions of the names used to examine discrimination. The author conducts a survey experiment in which respondents are asked to identify the races or ethnicities they associate with a series of names. Respondents are provided with combinations of Hispanic and Anglo first and last names. Hispanic first names paired with Anglo last names are least likely to be recognized as Hispanic, while all versions of Hispanic first and last names are highly recognized (≥90 percent). The results suggest that researchers must use caution when trying to signal Hispanic ethnicity in experiments, and prior findings from correspondence audits may be biased from poor signals.

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