scholarly journals School-Related Barriers that might be Impeding Academic Success for African American Girls

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Academic Success ◽  
Ethnic Discrimination ◽  
African American Girls ◽  
Teachers Perceptions ◽  
White Girls ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
School Records

This study explored African American girls’ perceived racial/ethnic discrimination and teachers’ perceptions to understand the unique impact of each on educational outcomes for African American girls compared to girls from other racial/ethnic groups. The sample included 2,384 7th grade girls. In this multi-informant study, girls completed a survey that included ratings of perceived teacher discrimination, teachers rated the girls on academic engagement and antisocial behavior, and end-of-the-year GPA for each girl was gathered from school records data. One-way ANOVA revealed a main effect of race/ethnicity, such that African American girls reported higher levels of racial/ethnic discrimination, had a lower GPA, and were rated by their teachers as less engaged and more anti-social compared to Asian, Latinx, and white girls. Regression analysis revealed that, compared to white and Asian girls, low teacher perceived engagement was related to lower achievement for African American girls. These results highlight the need to analyze the educational experiences that African American girls are facing.

Racial/Ethnic Differences in Alcohol and Drug Misuse Among IPV-Victimized Women: Exploring the Role of Difficulties Regulating Positive Emotions

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052094373
Author(s):  
Nicole H. Weiss ◽  
Melissa R. Schick ◽  
Ateka A. Contractor ◽  
Miranda E. Reyes ◽  
Nazaret C. Suazo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Drug Misuse ◽  
Emotional Dysfunction ◽  
Culturally Sensitive Interventions ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Alcohol and drug misuse is prevalent and problematic among women who experience intimate partner violence (IPV). Emotional dysfunction has been identified as a key mechanism in the etiology, maintenance, and treatment of alcohol and drug misuse. However, existing research has not considered the role of race/ethnicity in the relations between emotional dysfunction and alcohol and drug misuse. Furthermore, past research in this area has focused almost exclusively on emotional dysfunction stemming from negative (vs. positive) emotions. The goals of the current study were as follows: (a) to explore whether levels of difficulties regulating positive emotions differ among Latina, African American, and White IPV-victimized women, and (b) to examine the moderating role of race/ethnicity in the relations between difficulties regulating positive emotions and alcohol and drug misuse. Participants were 197 IPV-victimized women recruited through the criminal justice system ( Mage = 36.14; 51.8% African American, 31.5% White, and 16.8% Latina). Difficulties regulating positive emotions did not differ as a function of race/ethnicity. However, relations among difficulties regulating positive emotions and alcohol and drug misuse were significant for Latina and White but not African American IPV-victimized women. Moreover, race/ethnicity moderated an association between difficulties regulating positive emotions and drug misuse; this relation was significant and positive for White (compared with African American) IPV-victimized women. While preliminary, these results may inform culturally sensitive interventions for alcohol and drug misuse that are tailored to the unique needs of Latina, African American, and White IPV-victimized women.

Chicanas in White-Collar Jobs: “You Have to Prove Yourself More”

1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise A. Segura
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Mail Survey ◽  
White Collar ◽  
Ethnic Discrimination ◽  
Women's Lives ◽  
White Collar Workers ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Depth Interviews

Using the theoretical perspective originally developed by West and Zimmerman (1987)—wherein gender is viewed as a dynamic, interactional accomplishment rather than a categorical status, this article explores how both gender and race-ethnicity are reinforced and affirmed among 152 selected Chicana white-collar workers in a major public university. Based on results from a 1989–1990 mail survey and in-depth interviews with 35 randomly-selected respondents, I find that the tasks performed in the workplace, sex-and-race/ethnic discrimination and harassment, and the female-associated tasks Chicanas continue to do at home, all intensify their accomplishment of gender as well as reinforce occupational segregation by gender and gender-race/ethnicity. Moreover, Chicanas' attachment to family is linked ideologically to the survival of the Chicano culture, rendering their accomplishment of gender an overt act of racial-ethnic and cultural politics. This particular finding may well be a neglected truth in many women's lives.

scholarly journals Associations between Perceived Racial Discrimination and Tobacco Cessation among Diverse Treatment Seekers

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-420
Author(s):  
Monica Webb Hooper ◽  
Patricia Calixte-Civil ◽  
Christina Verzijl ◽  
Karen O. Brandon ◽  
Taghrid Asfar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Tobacco Cessation ◽  
Perceived Discrimination ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Ethnic Discrimination ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
American Black ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Objectives: This study investigated a) racial/ethnic differences in past-year discrimination experiences and b) associa­tions between discrimination and smoking abstinence.Design: Prospective, longitudinal analysis of smoking status. Perceived past-year discrimi­nation was assessed at baseline. ANCOVAs and intent-to-treat hierarchical logistic regressions were conducted.Setting: Dual-site (Tampa, FL and Miami, FL) randomized controlled trial testing the effects of a group cessation intervention plus pharmacotherapy.Participants: Treatment-seeking adult smokers (N=347; non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic African American/Black, or Hispanic).Main Outcome Measures: Biochemically verified 7-day point prevalence abstinence (7-day ppa) was assessed immediately post-intervention and at 6-month follow-up.Results: After controlling for covari­ates, African Americans/Blacks reported greater perceived discrimination compared with non-Hispanic Whites (P=.02), and Hispanics (P=.06). Non-Hispanic Whites and Hispanics did not differ in perceived racial/ethnic discrimination experiences over the past year. Irrespective of race/ ethnicity, past-year perceived discrimina­tion was inversely associated with 7-day ppa, both post-intervention (AOR=.97, CI: .95-.99) and at 6-months (AOR=.98, CI: .96-.99). Among African Americans/Blacks, past-year perceived discrimination was inversely associated with 7-day ppa, both post-intervention (AOR=.95, CI: .92-.97) and at 6-months (AOR=.97, CI: .94-.99). Perceived discrimination was unrelated to 7-day ppa among Hispanics. Among non-Hispanic Whites, past-year perceived discrimination was inversely associated with post-intervention 7-day ppa (AOR=.95, CI: .91-.99), but not 6-months.Conclusions: Perceived racial/ethnic discrimination was greater among African American/Black smokers compared with non-Hispanic Whites. Perceived discrimina­tion was negatively associated with tobacco cessation in the full sample, and for African Americans at 6-months post-intervention. These data have implications for interven­tion delivery and health disparities.Ethn Dis. 2020;30(3):411-420; doi:10.18865/ed.30.3.411

scholarly journals Clinician–Patient Racial/Ethnic Concordance Influences Racial/Ethnic Minority Pain: Evidence from Simulated Clinical Interactions

Pain Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3109-3125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven R Anderson ◽  
Morgan Gianola ◽  
Jenna M Perry ◽  
Elizabeth A Reynolds Losin
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Pain Treatment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ethnic Discrimination ◽  
Medical Procedure ◽  
Black African ◽  
Clinical Interactions ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Hispanic White ◽  
White Patients

Abstract Objective Racial and ethnic minorities in the United States report higher levels of both clinical and experimental pain, yet frequently receive inadequate pain treatment. Although these disparities are well documented, their underlying causes remain largely unknown. Evidence from social psychological and health disparities research suggests that clinician–patient racial/ethnic concordance may improve minority patient health outcomes. Yet whether clinician–patient racial/ethnic concordance influences pain remains poorly understood. Methods Medical trainees and community members/undergraduates played the role of “clinicians” and “patients,” respectively, in simulated clinical interactions. All participants identified as non-Hispanic Black/African American, Hispanic white, or non-Hispanic white. Interactions were randomized to be either racially/ethnically concordant or discordant in a 3 (clinician race/ethnicity) × 2 (clinician–patient racial/ethnic concordance) factorial design. Clinicians took the medical history and vital signs of the patient and administered an analogue of a painful medical procedure. Results As predicted, clinician–patient racial/ethnic concordance reduced self-reported and physiological indicators of pain for non-Hispanic Black/African American patients and did not influence pain for non-Hispanic white patients. Contrary to our prediction, concordance was associated with increased pain report in Hispanic white patients. Finally, the influence of concordance on pain-induced physiological arousal was largest for patients who reported prior experience with or current worry about racial/ethnic discrimination. Conclusions Our findings inform our understanding of the sociocultural factors that influence pain within medical contexts and suggest that increasing minority, particularly non-Hispanic Black/African American, physician numbers may help reduce persistent racial/ethnic pain disparities.

An Update on Female Puberty

2006 ◽  
Vol 00 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph S Sanfilippo
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
Breast Development ◽  
African American Girls ◽  
White American ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
White Girls ◽  
Hair Development ◽  
Axillary Hair

Puberty is best defined at the period of life during which one acquires reproductive capabilities. As a female transitions from childhood to adulthood, one witnesses a significant reactivation of the hypothalamicpituitary- ovarian (HPO) axis; this axis is functional in utero.The hallmarks of pubertal development include:All this may take three to five years for completion.The American Academy of Pediatrics Pediatric Research in Office Settings (PROS) Study has provided the latest information regarding age of onset of specific pubertal milestones. PROS focused on breast development— thelarche (an early sign of the onset of puberty) occurs in African-American girls at 8.87 years and in white American girls at 9.96 years of age; the onset of pubic and axillary hair development, i.e. pubarche, occurs in African-American girls at 8.78 years and in white girls at 10.51 years of age.1,2Additional information is detailed inTable 1.

Healthcare Utilization, Unmet Service Needs, and HIV Treatment Outcomes among Racial/Ethnic Groups

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 584-595
Author(s):  
Xiangjun Zhang ◽  
◽  
Roy Oman ◽  
Trudy Larson ◽  
Elizabeth Christiansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Medication Adherence ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Service Utilization ◽  
Linkage To Care ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Service Needs ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to investigate possible racial/ethnic differences regarding service utilization, linkage to care, and medication adherence among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Methods: PLWHA (N = 142) 18 years or older were recruited from a needs assessment project conducted in Nevada in 2016. Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire. The study variables included participants’ race/ethnicity (Caucasian, African-American, and Hispanic), service utilization, unmet service needs, linkage to care, and medication adherence. Significant between-group (race/ethnicity) differences regarding service utilization, linkage to care, and medication adherence were assessed. Results: There were no statistically significant between-group differences regarding utilized services, unmet service needs, linkage to care, and medication adherence (p > .05). However, there were statistically significant between-group differences for 4 individual utilized services. For example, African-American participants were 72% less likely to have utilized medical care services than Caucasians (AOR = 0.28, 95% CI = 0.10-0.74) and Hispanics were 84% less likely to have utilized mental health services than Caucasians (AOR = 0.16, 95% CI = 0.04-0.60). Conclusions: Health disparities among racial/ethnic groups exist, specifically regarding certain individual medical and support services. Federal and regional programs must allocate funding to address specific service needs and improve healthcare services for certain racial/ethnic groups.

scholarly journals Self-reported racial/ethnic discrimination and bronchodilator response in African American youth with asthma

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. e0179091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Carlson ◽  
Luisa N. Borrell ◽  
Celeste Eng ◽  
Myngoc Nguyen ◽  
Shannon Thyne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African American Youth ◽  
Ethnic Discrimination ◽  
Bronchodilator Response ◽  
Racial Ethnic
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document