Correction to: Is metformin associated with acute kidney injury? A case–control study of patients with type 2 diabetes admitted with acute infection

AimsThe risks associated with diabetes, obesity and hypertension for severe COVID-19 may be confounded and differ by sociodemographic background. We assessed the risks associated with cardiometabolic factors for severe COVID-19 when accounting for socioeconomic factors and in subgroups by age, sex and region of birth.Methods and resultsIn this nationwide case–control study, 1.086 patients admitted to intensive care with COVID-19 requiring mechanical ventilation (cases), and 10.860 population-based controls matched for age, sex and district of residency were included from mandatory national registries. ORs with 95% CIs for associations between severe COVID-19 and exposures with adjustment for confounders were estimated using logistic regression. The median age was 62 years (IQR 52–70), and 3003 (24.9%) were women. Type 2 diabetes (OR, 2.3 (95% CI 1.9 to 2.7)), hypertension (OR, 1.7 (95% CI 1.5 to 2.0)), obesity (OR, 3.1 (95% CI 2.4 to 4.0)) and chronic kidney disease (OR, 2.5 (95% CI 1.7 to 3.7)) were all associated with severe COVID-19. In the younger subgroup (below 57 years), ORs were significantly higher for all cardiometabolic risk factors. The risk associated with type 2 diabetes was higher in women (p=0.001) and in patients with a region of birth outside European Union(EU) (p=0.004).ConclusionDiabetes, obesity and hypertension were all independently associated with severe COVID-19 with stronger associations in the younger population. Type 2 diabetes implied a greater risk among women and in non-EU immigrants. These findings, originating from high-quality Swedish registries, may be important to direct preventive measures such as vaccination to susceptible patient groups.Trial registration numberClinicaltrial.gov (NCT04426084).

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Sarcopenia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a case–control study in Maracaibo city, Venezuela

International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries ◽

10.1007/s13410-021-00989-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Onofre Pineda ◽

Victoria Stepenka ◽

Alejandra Rivas-Motenegro ◽

Nelson Villasmil-Hernandez ◽

Roberto Añez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Control Study

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Association of ADIPOQ rs266729 and rs1501299 gene polymorphisms and circulating adiponectin level with the risk of type 2 diabetes in a population of Iran: a case-control study

Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders ◽

10.1007/s40200-020-00715-w ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mahrokh Alimi ◽

Mohammad Taghi Goodarzi ◽

Mehdi Nekoei

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Gene Polymorphisms ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Adiponectin Level ◽

Case Control ◽

Control Study

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Association of proton pump inhibitors and concomitant drugs with risk of acute kidney injury: a nested case–control study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041543 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. e041543

Author(s):

Keiko Ikuta ◽

Shunsaku Nakagawa ◽

Kenji Momo ◽

Atsushi Yonezawa ◽

Kotaro Itohara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Kidney Injury ◽

Proton Pump Inhibitors ◽

Proton Pump ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Kidney Injury ◽

Case Control ◽

Renal Diseases ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Nested Case Control ◽

Control Study

ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess whether the combined use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or antibiotics (penicillins, macrolides, cephalosporins or fluoroquinolones) was associated with an increased risk of acute kidney injury (AKI).DesignA nested case–control study.SettingA health insurance claims database constructed by the Japan Medical Data Center.ParticipantsPatients were eligible if they were prescribed a PPI, NSAID and antibiotic at least once between January 2005 and June 2017. The patients who were new PPI users and did not have any history of renal diseases before cohort entry were included (n=219 082). The mean age was 45 and 44% were women.InterventionsCurrent use of PPIs, NSAIDs, or antibiotics.Primary outcome measuresAcute kidney injury.ResultsDuring a mean follow-up of 2.4 (SD, 1.7) years, 317 cases of AKI were identified (incidence rate of 6.1/10 000 person-years). The current use of PPIs was associated with a higher risk of AKI compared with past PPI use (unadjusted OR, 4.09; 95% CI, 3.09 to 5.44). The unadjusted ORs of AKI for the current use of PPIs with NSAIDs, cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones, compared with the current use of PPIs alone, were 3.92 (95% CI, 2.40 to 6.52), 2.57 (1.43 to 4.62) and 3.08 (1.50 to 6.38), respectively. The effects of concurrent use of PPIs with NSAIDs, cephalosporins or fluoroquinolones remain significant in the adjusted model. The analyses on absolute risk of AKI confirmed the results from the nested case–control study.ConclusionsConcomitant use of NSAIDs with PPIs significantly increased the risk for AKI. Moreover, the results suggested that concomitant use of cephalosporins or fluoroquinolones with PPIs was associated with increased risk of incident AKI.

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