scholarly journals Removal of Toxic Elements and Microbial Contaminants from Groundwater Using Low-Cost Treatment Options

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana A. Da’ana ◽  
Nabil Zouari ◽  
Mohammad Y. Ashfaq ◽  
Mohammed Abu-Dieyeh ◽  
Majeda Khraisheh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Treatment Technique ◽  
Groundwater Treatment ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Cost Treatment ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Microbial Contaminants

Abstract Purpose of Review This paper reviews various low-cost treatment techniques such as adsorption, permeable reactive barrier, and biological techniques for the simultaneous removal of chemical and microbial contaminants from groundwater and discusses treatment mechanisms of different treatment techniques. This paper also discusses the challenges of groundwater treatment, how to choose the appropriate treatment technique, and cost analysis of groundwater treatment. Recent Findings Various treatment technologies have been used for the treatment of groundwater: physical, chemical, and biological technologies with different success rates. In the literature, various adsorbents have been successfully synthesized from low-cost and environmentally friendly materials. Adsorption is considered an efficient treatment technique for the removal of both toxic elements and pathogens by utilizing different adsorbents. For example, the nanostructures of MgO with a BET surface area of up to 171 m2/g obtained a very high adsorption capacity of 29,131 mg/g for fluoride ions in water, while the incorporation of iron in activated carbon has improved its adsorption capacity to 51.3 mg/g for arsenic. Moreover, certain adsorbents have shown the capability to remove 99% of the rotavirus and adenovirus from groundwater. Summary Groundwater resources are contaminated with toxic metals and pathogens. Therefore, water treatment technologies should be evaluated for their efficiency to remove such contaminants. Determination of the most cost-effective and efficient treatment technique is not an easy task and requires the understanding of various aspects such as the contaminants present in water, the reuse options considered, and cost analysis of the treatment technique.

ARSENIC OCCURRENCE IN AFRICAN WATER SYSTEMS AND LOW-COST TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina Filemon Irunde ◽  
◽  
Julian Ijumulana ◽  
Julian Ijumulana ◽  
Julian Ijumulana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Cost Treatment ◽  
Treatment Technologies

Potential Applications of Nanomaterials in Wastewater Treatment

2019 ◽  
pp. 51-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamidreza Sadegh ◽  
Gomaa A. M. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
The Subject

High-quality water is one of the most important challenges around the world. Conventional techniques of wastewater treatment need to be developed. Therefore, finding sustainable, environmentally friendly, and efficient treatment techniques is required. In this regard, due to the extraordinary potential of nanotechnology resulted from nanoscale size characteristics, recently nanomaterials have been the subject of novel research and development worldwide. In this chapter, the authors review recent development of the direct applications of nanomaterial as an adsorbent in adsorption systems for integrating nanoparticles into conventional treatment technologies for wastewater treatment, especially a wide range of candidate nanomaterials and its properties. In addition, advantages and limitations as compared to existing processes are discussed.

scholarly journals Exploring the potential of fungal-bacterial consortium for low-cost biodegradation and detoxification of textile effluent

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 12-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harshad Lade ◽  
Avinash Kadam ◽  
Diby Paul ◽  
Sanjay Govindwar
Keyword(s):  
Hplc Analysis ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Bacterial Consortium ◽  
Textile Effluent ◽  
Aspergillus Ochraceus ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cost Treatment ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Reduced Toxicity

AbstractIn the present study, the enrichment and isolation of textile effluent decolorizing bacteria were carried out in wheat bran (WB) medium. The isolated bacterium Providencia rettgeri strain HSL1 was then tested for decolorization of textile effluent in consortium with a dyestuff degrading fungus Aspergillus ochraceus NCIM 1146. Decolorization study suggests that A. ochraceus NCIM 1146 and P. rettgeri strain HSL1 alone re moves only 6 and 32% of textile effluent American Dye Manufacturing Institute respectively in 30 h at 30 ±0.2°C of microaerophilic incubation, while the fungal-bacterial consortium does 92% ADMI removal within the same time period. The fungal-bacterial consortium exhibited enhanced decolorization rate due to the induction in activities of catalytic enzymes laccase (196%), lignin peroxidase (77%), azoreductase (80%) and NADH-DCIP reductase (84%). The HPLC analysis confirmed the biodegradation of textile effluent into various metabolites. Detoxification studies of textile effluent before and after treatment with fungal-bacterial consortium revealed reduced toxicity of degradation metabolites. The efficient degradation and detoxification by fungal-bacterial consortium pre-grown in agricultural based medium thus suggest a promising approach in designing low-cost treatment technologies for textile effluent.

scholarly journals Treatment of Patients with Ruptures of Clavicular Acromial End using Designed Pin and Cortical Screw

2015 ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
M. A. Danilov ◽  
I. V. Borozda
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Technique ◽  
Fixation Technique ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Cortical Screw ◽  
Constant Murley Score ◽  
Cost Treatment ◽  
Comparative Treatment ◽  
K Wires

Comparative treatment results are presented for 154 patients with closed injuries of the acromioclavicular joint. Main group included 34 patients who were operated on using the proposed fixation technique with designed K-wire and screw. The technique was elaborated with regard for the data of biomechanical studies. In control group (120 patients) fixation was performed with Lee hook ( n =76), K-wires ( n =25) and hook plate ( n =19). Proposed method was considered to be an effective (95.5 points by Constant-Murley score) and low-cost treatment technique characterized by short terms of hospitalization, (13.0±0.71 days) and temporary disability (40.4±0.71) days as well as by low rate of postoperative complications (3 (8.8%) cases).

scholarly journals Treatment of Patients with Ruptures of Clavicular Acromial End using Designed Pin and Cortical Screw

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
M. A Danilov ◽  
I. V Borozda
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Technique ◽  
Fixation Technique ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Cortical Screw ◽  
Constant Murley Score ◽  
Cost Treatment ◽  
Comparative Treatment ◽  
K Wires

Comparative treatment results are presented for 154 patients with closed injuries of the acromioclavicular joint. Main group included 34 patients who were operated on using the proposed fixation technique with designed K-wire and screw. The technique was elaborated with regard for the data of biomechanical studies. In control group (120 patients) fixation was performed with Lee hook ( n =76), K-wires ( n =25) and hook plate ( n =19). Proposed method was considered to be an effective (95.5 points by Constant-Murley score) and low-cost treatment technique characterized by short terms of hospitalization, (13.0±0.71 days) and temporary disability (40.4±0.71) days as well as by low rate of postoperative complications (3 (8.8%) cases).

Potential Applications of Nanomaterials in Wastewater Treatment

2021 ◽  
pp. 1230-1240
Author(s):  
Hamidreza Sadegh ◽  
Gomaa A. M. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
The Subject

High-quality water is one of the most important challenges around the world. Conventional techniques of wastewater treatment need to be developed. Therefore, finding sustainable, environmentally friendly, and efficient treatment techniques is required. In this regard, due to the extraordinary potential of nanotechnology resulted from nanoscale size characteristics, recently nanomaterials have been the subject of novel research and development worldwide. In this chapter, the authors review recent development of the direct applications of nanomaterial as an adsorbent in adsorption systems for integrating nanoparticles into conventional treatment technologies for wastewater treatment, especially a wide range of candidate nanomaterials and its properties. In addition, advantages and limitations as compared to existing processes are discussed.

What’s in, what’s out? Towards a rigorous definition of the boundaries of benefit-cost analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Daniel Acland
Keyword(s):  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Consumer Sovereignty ◽  
Benefit Cost Analysis ◽  
Rigorous Definition ◽  
Pareto Criterion ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Benefit Cost

Abstract Benefit-cost analysis (BCA) is typically defined as an implementation of the potential Pareto criterion, which requires inclusion of any impact for which individuals have willingness to pay (WTP). This definition is incompatible with the exclusion of impacts such as rights and distributional concerns, for which individuals do have WTP. I propose a new definition: BCA should include only impacts for which consumer sovereignty should govern. This is because WTP implicitly preserves consumer sovereignty, and is thus only appropriate for ‘sovereignty-warranting’ impacts. I compare the high cost of including non-sovereignty-warranting impacts to the relatively low cost of excluding sovereignty-warranting impacts.

scholarly journals Variation in brief treatment for substance use disorder: a qualitative investigation of four federally qualified health centers with SBIRT services

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis P. Watson ◽  
Monte D. Staton ◽  
Michael L. Dennis ◽  
Christine E. Grella ◽  
Christy K. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Qualitative Investigation ◽  
Brief Treatment ◽  
Federally Qualified Health Centers ◽  
Implementation Quality ◽  
Cost Treatment ◽  
Future Work

Abstract Background Brief treatment (BT) can be an effective, short-term, and low-cost treatment option for many people who misuse alcohol and drugs. However, inconsistent implementation is suggested to result in BT that often looks and potentially costs similar to regular outpatient care. Prior research is also rife with inconsistent operationalizations regarding the measurement of BT received by patients. As such, there is a need to more explicitly identify and document variations in BT practice. Methods A qualitative investigation of BT in four Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHC) was undertaken as a sub study of a larger clinical trial. Researchers interviewed 12 staff (administrators and clinicians) involved in BT oversight, referral, or delivery within the four FQHCs. Data were analyzed following an inductive approach guided by the primary research questions. Results Findings demonstrate considerable differences in how BT was conceptualized and implemented within the FQHCs. This included a variety of ways in which BT was presented and described to patients that likely impacts how they perceive the BT they receive, including potentially not understanding they received substance use disorder treatment at all. Conclusions The findings raise questions regarding the validity of prior research, demonstrating more objective definitions of BT and fidelity checklists are needed to ensure integrity of results. Future work in this area should seek to understand BT as practiced among a larger sample of providers and the direct experiences and perspectives of patients. There is also a need for more consistent implementation, quality assurance guidelines, and standardized stage of change assessments to aid practitioners.

Low-cost and eco-friendly Br-doped Cu7Sn3S10 thermoelectric compound with zT around unit

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Deng ◽  
Pengfei Qiu ◽  
Tong Xing ◽  
Zhengyang Zhou ◽  
Tian-Ran Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Thermoelectric Performance ◽  
Ternary Compounds ◽  
Earth Abundant

Cu-Sn-S ternary compounds have attracted great attention in thermoelectric community because they are composed of low-cost, earth-abundant, and non-toxic elements. Among them, Cu7Sn3S10 shows promising thermoelectric performance in the middle...

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