Hydrogen Combustion Engine for CO2-neutral Commercial Vehicles

Energy savings in the traffic sector are of considerable importance for economic and environmental considerations. Recuperation of mechanical energy in commercial vehicles can contribute to this goal. One promising technology rests on hydraulic systems, in particular for trucks which use such system also for other purposes such as lifting cargo or operating a crane. In this work the potential for energy savings is analyzed for commercial vehicles with tipper bodies, as these already have a hydraulic onboard system. The recuperation system is modeled based on endoreversible thermodynamics, thus providing a framework in which realistic driving data can be incorporated. We further used dissipative engine setups for modeling both the hydraulic and combustion engine of the hybrid drive train in order to include realistic efficiency maps. As a result, reduction in fuel consumption of up to 26% as compared to a simple baseline recuperation strategy can be achieved with an optimized recuperation control.

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The hybrid model of the new hydrogen combustion engine as the most efficient powertrain of tomorrow

Proceedings - Der Antrieb von morgen 2019 ◽

10.1007/978-3-658-26056-9_6 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 87-101

Author(s):

Thomas Korn ◽

Georg Volpert

Keyword(s):

Hybrid Model ◽

Combustion Engine ◽

Hydrogen Combustion

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The Norwegian Vehicle Electrification Policy and Its Implicit Price of Carbon

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13031346 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 1346

Author(s):

Lasse Fridstrøm

Keyword(s):

Combustion Engine ◽

Policy Instruments ◽

Carbon Price ◽

Policy Instrument ◽

Heavy Duty ◽

Commercial Vehicles ◽

Trade Off ◽

Electric Cars ◽

Fiscal Incentives ◽

Positive Economics

The rapid market uptake of battery and hybrid electric cars in Norway is unparalleled. We examine the fiscal policy instruments behind this development. In essence, the Norwegian policy consists in taxing internal combustion engine vehicles rather than subsidizing electric ones. There are 14 different fiscal incentives in place bearing on vehicles, fuel, or road use. All of them are in some way CO2-differentiated. In the tradition of positive economics, we derive the price of carbon implicit in each policy instrument and in the total package of taxes and subsidies. The price of carbon characterizing the trade-off between conventional and battery electric cars in Norway as of 2019 exceeds €1370 per ton of CO2. For light and heavy-duty commercial vehicles the corresponding prices have been conservatively estimated at €640 and €200 per ton of CO2, respectively. In addition, the penalty incurred by automakers for not meeting their 2020/2021 target under EU Regulation 2019/631 corresponds to a carbon price of the order of €340 per ton of CO2. As compared to the price of emission allowances in the European cap-and-trade system, the price of carbon paid by automakers and Norwegian motorists is one or two orders of magnitude higher.

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Sustainable transport: From high carbon to carbon neutral

Prosperitas ◽

10.31570/prosp_2021_1_6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 87-117

Author(s):

Toyin Onafujabi

Keyword(s):

Internal Combustion Engine ◽

Combustion Engine ◽

Internal Combustion ◽

Capital Outlay ◽

Combustion Engines ◽

Sustainable Transport ◽

Commercial Vehicles ◽

Propulsion Systems ◽

Carbon Neutral ◽

Practical Implications

Purpose – This paper seeks to explore the transition and process of migrating from high dependence on internal combustion engine (ICE), to one that is a sustainable carbon neutral fleet. Design/Methodology/Approach – Comparative studies will be completed for commercial vehicles with combustion engines and carbon-neutral alternative vehicles. Findings – This paper provides informed decision for people who may wish to consider alternative sustainable carbon neutral propulsion systems. Practical implications – Historically, modes of transportation rely on the conversion of chemical (stored) energy to motion via the use of internal combustion engine (ICE). However, with more awareness, rise in “Green” consumers, and government policies, businesses are open to exploring sustainability and reducing their carbon footprint contribution to the environment. This study suggests that there will be some level of trade-off discussions needed to make such decisions based on the different requirements, industries, geographical locations, and the environment in which such businesses operate. Some companies will be able to justify the need to be more carbon neutral, though some may not, or off-set the capital outlay required to transition and remain carbon neutral, without some form of external help.

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Loss Analysis of a Direct-Injection Hydrogen Combustion Engine

10.4271/2018-01-1686 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kevin Klepatz ◽

Hermann Rottengruber ◽

Stephan Zeilinga ◽

Daniel Koch ◽

Werner Prümm

Keyword(s):

Combustion Engine ◽

Direct Injection ◽

Hydrogen Combustion ◽

Loss Analysis

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Relation of Cooling Loss and Exhaust Loss in a Hydrogen Combustion Engine

The Proceedings of the Thermal Engineering Conference ◽

10.1299/jsmeted.2004.29 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 2004 (0) ◽

pp. 29-30

Author(s):

Toshio SHUDO

Keyword(s):

Combustion Engine ◽

Hydrogen Combustion

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Study of Combustion Anomalies of H2-ICE With External Mixture Formation

ASME 2006 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference (ICES2006) ◽

10.1115/ices2006-1398 ◽

2006 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Stephen A. Ciatti ◽

Thomas Wallner ◽

Henry Ng ◽

William F. Stockhausen ◽

Brad Boyer

Keyword(s):

Internal Combustion Engines ◽

Large Scale ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Combustion Engine ◽

Direct Injection ◽

Combustion Process ◽

Engine Performance ◽

Internal Combustion ◽

Hydrogen Combustion ◽

Mixture Formation

Although hydrogen is considered one of the most promising future energy carriers, there are several challenges to achieving a “hydrogen economy,” including finding a practical, efficient, cost-effective end-use device. Using hydrogen as a fuel for internal combustion engines is seen as a bridging technology toward a large-scale hydrogen infrastructure. To facilitate high-efficiency, high-power-density use of hydrogen with near-zero emissions in an internal combustion engine, detailed analysis of the hydrogen combustion process is necessary. This paper presents thermodynamic results regarding engine performance and emissions behavior during investigations performed on a single-cylinder research engine fueled by pressurized gaseous hydrogen. Avoiding combustion anomalies is one of the necessary steps to further improve the hydrogen engine power output at high-load operation while, at the same time, reducing fuel consumption and emissions during part-load operation. The overall target of the investigations is an improved combustion concept especially designed for hydrogen-engine-powered vehicles. Future activities include performing optical imaging of hydrogen combustion by using an endoscope. We will also investigate supercharged external mixture formation, as well as hydrogen direct-injection operation.

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