Calculating the thermal properties of 93,94,95Mo using the BCS model with an average value gap parameter

In this paper, we have taken the effect of small size of nucleus and static fluctuations into account in the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) theory of superconductivity calculations of [Formula: see text]Ti nucleus. Thermodynamic quantities of [Formula: see text]Ti have been extracted within the BCS model with the inclusion of the average value of the pairing gap square, extracted by the modified Ginzburg–Landau (MGL) method for small systems. Calculated values of the excitation energy and entropy within the MGL+BCS method improve the extracted results within the usual BCS model and show a smooth behavior around the critical temperature with a very good agreement with the semi-empirical values. The result of using MGL+BCS method for the heat capacity of [Formula: see text]Ti is compared with the corresponding semi-empirical values and the calculated values within the BCS, static path approximation (SPA) and Modified Pairing gap BCS (MPBCS) which is a method that was proposed in our previous publications. Both MGL+BCS and MPBCS avoid the discontinuity of the heat capacity curve, which is observed in the usual BCS method, and lead to an S-shaped curve with a good agreement with the semi-empirical results.

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Thermal properties of 96,97Mo using Lipkin–Nogami model with an average value gap parameter

International Journal of Modern Physics E ◽

10.1142/s0218301318500453 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 27 (06) ◽

pp. 1850045

Author(s):

Kh. Benam ◽

V. Dehghani ◽

Gh. Forozani

Keyword(s):

Experimental Data ◽

Heat Capacity ◽

Thermal Properties ◽

Critical Temperature ◽

Order Parameter ◽

Singular Points ◽

Thermodynamic Quantities ◽

Ginzburg Landau ◽

Average Value ◽

Gap Parameter

Gap parameter of Lipkin–Nogami (LN) model is replaced by order parameter of the exact Ginzburg–landau (EGL) theory. Thermodynamic quantities such as energy, entropy and heat capacity for [Formula: see text]Mo nuclei are calculated using this modified form of the LN model (MLN). In the LN model, the gap parameter suddenly decreases to zero at critical temperature. This causes singular points in the graph of heat capacity. However, in the MLN method, the order parameter does not become zero at critical temperature and gradually decreases along with the temperature. This causes the singular points, which are predicted in the heat capacity of LN model to be eliminated. Therefore, the heat capacity as a function of temperature becomes continuous and S-shaped, which is qualitatively in agreement with the experimental data.

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A COMPREHENSIVE TISSUE PROPERTIES DATABASE PROVIDED FOR THE THERMAL ASSESSMENT OF A HUMAN AT REST

Biophysical Reviews and Letters ◽

10.1142/s1793048010001184 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 05 (03) ◽

pp. 129-151 ◽

Cited By ~ 89

Author(s):

ROBERT L. MCINTOSH ◽

VITAS ANDERSON

Keyword(s):

Thermal Conductivity ◽

Heat Capacity ◽

Thermal Properties ◽

Thermal Modeling ◽

Blood Perfusion ◽

Human Tissues ◽

Tissue Properties ◽

Future Studies ◽

Average Value ◽

Metabolic Heat

Accurate numerical calculation of the thermal profile in humans requires reliable estimates of the following five tissue properties: specific heat capacity (c), thermal conductivity (k), blood perfusion rates (m), metabolic heat production (A0), and density (ρ). A sixth property, water content (w, as a %), can also be used to estimate c and k. To date, researchers have used various and inconsistent estimates of these parameters, which hinders comparison of the corresponding results. In an effort to standardize and improve the accuracy of these parameters for future studies, we have documented over 150 key papers and books and developed a database of the six thermal properties listed above for 43 human tissues. For each tissue and each property the following were obtained: the average value, the number of source values, the minimum and maximum of source values, and the reference for each source value. A key premise for the development of the database was to only use references that provided the original measurements. This database is offered for use by the biological thermal modeling community to help improve the accuracy and consistency of thermal modeling results.

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Raynaud's Phenomenon: Infrared Functional Imaging Applied to Diagnosis and Drugs Effects

International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1177/039463200201500106 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 41-52 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

A. Merla ◽

G.L. Romani ◽

S. Di Luzio ◽

L. Di Donato ◽

G. Farina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thermal Properties ◽

Functional Imaging ◽

Infrared Imaging ◽

Raynaud’S Phenomenon ◽

Drug Effects ◽

Raynaud's Phenomenon ◽

Control Group ◽

Temperature Integral ◽

Average Value ◽

Grand Average

A non-invasive, innovative approach to the study of Raynaud's Phenomenon is proposed. A group of patients, with respect of a control group, underwent a simultaneous assessment of thermal properties of all ten fingers using infrared functional imaging (IRFI). The assessment highlighted a quite different behaviour between patients with Primary- (PRP) and those with scleroderma - Raynaud's Phenomenon (SSc) and, compared with other existing techniques, seems to be an objective and effective tool to discriminate between PRP and RP secondary to SSc. 18 healthy volunteers (Norm), 20 Primary Raynaud's Phenomenon (PRP) and 20 Secondary Scleroderma (SSc) patients were studied subsequently to clinical evaluation and nail fold capillaroscopy. High-resolution infrared imaging of finger re-warming processes, immediately after a 2 min cold stress, allowed to identify objective parameters. Temperature integral Q (the temperature evaluation of the area under the time-temperature curve along the re-warming period) provided particularly effective figures in describing thermal properties of the fingers. Grand average Q values were (383.4 ± 12.5) °C/min, (502.9 ± 88.1) °C/min and (1022.0 ± 110.2) ±C/min for the PRP, SSc and Normal groups, respectively. Separate evaluation of the temperature integral for each finger leads to very similar results for the fingers of all the PRP patients; a different thermoregulatory response was observed in SSc patients. The sensitivity of the method in order to distinguish healthy from ill fingers was 100 %. The specificity in distinguishing SSc from PRP was 95%. In addition, IRFI parameters provided a better understanding of the impaired control of the finger's temperature in PRP and SSc with respect to the Normal group. This pilot study also applied IRFI for the measurement of drug effects in patients with Raynaud's Phenomenon. Sixteen out of twenty SSc patients were tested in a single 1-hour session of N-acetylcysteine infusion. IRFI clearly documented a significant increase of face and hands temperature during the drug administration. The grand average value of the finger's temperature after the 1 hour NAC administration was (29.6 ± 3.7) °C, while its value before was (27.9 ± 3.7) °C (p<0.001). N-acetylcysteine seems to act as a vasodilator in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon secondary to systemic sclerosis (scleroderma).

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