Momordica balsamina, a new natural host of begomovirus and its first report in India

Fruit downy blight caused by Peronophythora litchii Chen ex Ko et al. is an important disease of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) in Taiwan, especially in rainy seasons. Previous records indicate litchi as the only natural host of P. litchii, but this pathogen was found on seedlings of longan (Euphoria longana Lamarck) in 2000. Young seedlings of longan that had emerged in a litchi orchard near Caotun, Nantou County, showed symptoms of droopy leaves and leaf blight. Water-soaked lesions appeared on young leaves, which turned into brown, round or irregular lesions (about 3 to 5 cm long). Diseased leaves withered and collapsed eventually. Dark brown lesions were found on stems of some infected seedlings but none of the infected seedlings were killed. Also, no symptoms were found on mature leaves. The pathogen produced numerous sporangia on sporangiophores on diseased leaves under humid conditions. The disease on young seedlings was observed again in another litchi orchard at Caotun, Nantou County, in 2003. P. litchii was consistently isolated from diseased leaves. Two isolates from colonized longan seedlings, Tari 20250 collected in 2000 and Tari 23301 collected in 2003, were used for further studies. Both isolates produced large numbers of sporangia on long sporangiophores when cultured on 5% V8 agar (5% V8 juice, 0.02% CaCO3, and 1.5% agar). Sporangia produced on the same sporangiophores matured almost simultaneously. Sporangiophores 240 to 1,600 μm (mean 623 μm) branched dichotomously two to eight times. Sporangia were oval or lemon-shaped with semispherical papilla and deciduous with very short pedicels (2 to 5 μm). The dimension was 25 to 55 (35.25) × 15 to 27.5 (21.2) μm for sporangia and 0.5 to 1 (0.55) μm for pedicels. The length/breadth (L/B) ratio of sporangia was 1.3 to 2.14 (1.67). Both isolates produced numerous oospores on 5% V8 agar cultures in darkness. Artificial inoculation tests were done by spraying 5 mL of sporangial suspension (1,000 sporangia/mL) on each longan seedling without wounding. Results showed that both longan isolates of P. litchii were pathogenic on young longan seedlings, causing symptoms similar to those observed on leaves and stems of naturally infected longan seedlings in litchi orchards. Also, both longan isolates of P. litchii caused downy blight on fruits of litchi (L. chinensis var black leaf) by artificial inoculation tests. Moreover, a P. litchi isolate from litchi caused symptoms of leaf blight on young longan seedlings. P. litchii was reisolated from the infected longan tissues. The ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence confirmed that the longan isolate Tari 20250 (GenBank Accession No. JQ814693) was 100% identical to other P. litchii isolates (GenBank Accession Nos. Gu111613 to Gu111615). To our knowledge, this is the first report of longan as a natural host of P. litchii. The study also suggests that P. litchii on volunteer longan seedlings in litchi orchards may be a potential source of inoculum for fruit downy blight of litchi. References: (1) C. C. Chen. Special Publ. Coll. Agric., Natl. Taiwan Univ. 10:1, 1961. (2) W. H. Ko et al. Mycologia 70:380, 1978.

Download Full-text

First Report of Chili Pepper (Capsicum annuum) as a Natural Host Plant for Dahlia mosaic virus

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-11-14-1134-pdn ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 99 (6) ◽

pp. 898-898 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. Zhang ◽

D. Zhang ◽

Y. Liu ◽

J. Liu ◽

Z. Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Host Plant ◽

Mosaic Virus ◽

Capsicum Annuum ◽

Natural Host ◽

Chili Pepper ◽

First Report ◽

Dahlia Mosaic Virus

Download Full-text

First Report of Datura innoxia as a Natural Host of Watermelon chlorotic stunt virus in Sudan

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-02-17-0156-pdn ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 101 (7) ◽

pp. 1334-1334 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

H. S. Mohammed ◽

M. A. El Siddig ◽

A. A. El Hussein ◽

J. Navas-Castillo ◽

E. Fiallo-Olivé

Keyword(s):

Natural Host ◽

Datura Innoxia ◽

First Report ◽

Watermelon Chlorotic Stunt Virus

Download Full-text

First report of Amaranthus sp. as a natural host of capsicum chlorosis virus in India

VirusDisease ◽

10.1007/s13337-014-0212-1 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 412-413 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Anshul Sharma ◽

Saurabh Kulshrestha

Keyword(s):

Natural Host ◽

First Report ◽

Capsicum Chlorosis Virus

Download Full-text

FIRST REPORT OF JUGLANS AUSTRALIS (JUGLANDACEAE) AS A NATURAL HOST PLANT FOR ANASTREPHA SCHULTZI (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) WITH NOTES ON PROBABLE PARASITISM BY DORYCTOBRACON AREOLATUS, D. BRASILIENSIS, OPIUS BELLUS (BRACONIDAE) AND AGANASPIS PELLERANOI (FIGITIDAE)

Florida Entomologist ◽

10.1653/0015-4040(2004)087[0597:frojaj]2.0.co;2 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 87 (4) ◽

pp. 597-599 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Pablo Schliserman ◽

Sergio Ovruski ◽

Carolina Colin ◽

Allen L. Norrbom ◽

Martín Aluja

Keyword(s):

Host Plant ◽

Natural Host ◽

First Report

Download Full-text

First report of tobacco as a natural host of Euphorbia mosaic virus in Cuba

Plant Pathology ◽

10.1111/j.1365-3059.2009.02238.x ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 59 (4) ◽

pp. 795-795 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

E. Fiallo-Olivé ◽

R. F. Rivera-Bustamante ◽

Y. Martínez-Zubiaur

Keyword(s):

Mosaic Virus ◽

Natural Host ◽

First Report

Download Full-text

First Report of Pepper as a Natural Host for Pelargonium zonate spot virus in Spain

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-93-12-1346b ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 93 (12) ◽

pp. 1346-1346 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

F. Escriu ◽

M. A. Cambra ◽

M. Luis-Arteaga

Keyword(s):

Indicator Species ◽

The United States ◽

Natural Host ◽

Spot Virus ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

First Report ◽

Systemic Symptoms ◽

Line Patterns ◽

Das Elisa ◽

Pepper Plants

Pelargonium zonate spot virus (PZSV) was first reported on Pelargonium zonale (L.) L'Hér. ex Aiton and later on tomato in Italy, Spain, France (1), and the United States (2). In Spain, PZSV was first detected in 1996 in tomato plants of cv. Royesta from greenhouses in Zaragoza Province (3) and subsequently in tomato in the Catalonia and Navarra areas. In April 2006, symptoms of PZSV were found at high incidence on tomato in a greenhouse in Huesca, Aragón (northeastern Spain). Randomly distributed pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.) of cv. Estilo F1 growing in the same greenhouse showed severe foliar chlorotic ringspots and line patterns similar to those observed in tomato. Samples from symptomatic peppers and tomatoes and one asymptomatic weed of Rubia tinctorum L. tested positive by double-antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA using polyclonal antibodies against PZSV (Agdia Inc., Elkhart, IN and DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany) as did a Spanish PZSV isolate used as a positive control (3). Sap extracts from two tomatoes, three peppers, and the single R. tinctorum plant were mechanically inoculated to 22 indicator species, including pepper and tomato. On 17 of 22 species inoculated, sap from symptomatic tomatoes and peppers elicited local or systemic symptoms similar to those reported earlier for PZSV isolates (3). Systemic symptoms were mainly mosaic, chlorotic, and necrotic line patterns and ringspots on leaves of most indicator species, closely resembling those observed on the greenhouse pepper and tomato plants. Symptoms on inoculated tomatoes also included stem necrosis and death. Reactions of indicator species did not indicate the presence of any other pepper- or tomato-infecting viruses. Both field infected and mechanically inoculated plants of pepper cvs. Yolo Wonder and Doux des Landes were maintained in the greenhouse until the development of fruit symptoms. Only fruits of cv. Yolo Wonder showed dark green and slightly depressed circles on their surface. Local and systemic infection by PZSV was confirmed by DAS-ELISA in most inoculated plants. Total RNA from leaves of field or inoculated plants was used as template for amplification by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR with primers R3-F and R3-R that are specific for the PZSV 3a gene (2), and amplicons were sequenced directly. The sequences of 697 nt from pepper and tomato isolates from the same greenhouse were identical (GenBank Accession Nos. CQ178217 and CQ178216, respectively) and had 96.1% identity to nucleotides 384 to 1,080 in PZSV RNA-3 (NC_003651). Our results confirm the natural infection of pepper plants in Huesca by PZSV. To our knowledge, this is the first report of pepper as a natural host for PZSV, a significant finding considering the potential risks of PZSV dispersion whenever tomato and pepper coexist, particularly in greenhouses and nurseries. References: (1) M. Finetti-Sialer and D. Gallitelli. J. Gen. Virol. 84:3143, 2003. (2) H. Y. Liu and J. L. Sears. Plant Dis. 91:633, 2007. (3) M. Luis-Arteaga and M. A. Cambra. Plant Dis. 84:807, 2000.

Download Full-text

First Report of the Occurrence of African cassava mosaic virus in a Mosaic Disease of Soybean in Nigeria

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-92-12-1709b ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 92 (12) ◽

pp. 1709-1709 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

J. U. Mgbechi-Ezeri ◽

O. J. Alabi ◽

R. A. Naidu ◽

P. Lava Kumar

Keyword(s):

Nucleotide Sequence ◽

Host Range ◽

Mosaic Virus ◽

Plant Viruses ◽

Mosaic Disease ◽

Natural Host ◽

Mottle Virus ◽

African Cassava Mosaic Virus ◽

First Report ◽

Cassava Mosaic Virus

African cassava mosaic virus (ACMV; genus Begomovirus, family Geminiviridae) is one of six viruses documented in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) plants showing cassava mosaic disease in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). In addition to cassava, the natural host range of ACMV includes a few wild Manihot species, Jatropha multifida, and Ricinus communis L. in Euphorbiaceae, and Hewittia sublobata in Convolvulaceae. The experimental host range of ACMV includes Nicotiana sp. and Datura sp. in the Solanaceae (2). Recently, natural occurrence of ACMV was reported in Combretum confertum (Benth.), Leucana leucocephala (Lam.) De Witt, and Senna occidentalis (L.) Link belonging to Leguminasae from Nigeria (1,3). During reconnaissance studies conducted on soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) in September and October of 2007 in the Ibadan (N = 19) and Benue (N = 23) regions and in February of 2008 in Ibadan (N = 16), we observed soybean showing yellow mosaic and mottling symptoms. Samples from these plants (N = 58) were tested by indirect ELISA and symptomatic leaves tested negative to Cucumber mosaic virus, Cowpea mottle virus, Southern bean mosaic virus, Tobacco ringspot virus, Soybean dwarf virus, Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus, Blackeye cowpea mosaic virus, Peanut mottle virus, and Broad bean mosaic virus, which have been documented in soybean in SSA. However, 8.6% of these samples (5 of 58) (one each from Ibadan and Benue in the 2007 survey and three from Ibadan in the 2008 survey) tested positive in triple-antibody sandwich-ELISA with a monoclonal antibody (SCR33) to ACMV. ELISA results were further confirmed by PCR with ACMV specific primers AL1/F and AR0/R that amplified a 987-bp DNA fragment corresponding to the intergenic region, AC-4 and AC-1 genes of DNA-A segment (4). The PCR product was cloned into pCR2.1 (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) and three independent clones were sequenced in both orientations. Pairwise comparison of the derived consensus sequence (GenBank Accession No. EU367500) with corresponding ACMV sequence of ACMV isolate from Nigeria (GenBank Accession No. X17095) showed 98% identity at the nucleotide level. To further confirm the virus identity, complete nucleotide sequence of the DNA-A segment was determined by PCR amplification of viral DNA with four primers, cloning of overlapping products into pCR2.1 vector and sequencing. The derived sequence (2,781 nucleotides; GenBank Accession No. EU685385) was compared with the DNA sequences available at NCBI database using BLAST. This revealed 97% nucleotide sequence identity with ACMV-[NG:Ogo:90] (Accession No. AJ427910) and ACMV-[NG] (Accession No. X17095) from Nigeria. These results confirm the presence of ACMV in symptomatic soybean leaves. To our knowledge, this is the first report of soybean as a natural host of ACMV in SSA. On the basis of previous reports (1) and the results currently presented it seems that ACMV has a wide host range. References: (1) O. J. Alabi et al. Phytopathology (Abstr.) 97(suppl.):S3, 2007. (2) A. A. Brunt et al., eds. Plant viruses online: Descriptions and lists from the VIDE database. Version 20. Online publication, 1996. (3) F. O. Ogbe et al. Plant Dis. 90:548, 2006; (4) X. Zhou et al. J. Gen. Virol. 78:2101, 1997.

Download Full-text

First Report of Cucumber mosaic virus on Vigna marina in Taiwan

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-06-10-0459 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 94 (10) ◽

pp. 1267-1267 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

T.-C. Deng ◽

C.-H. Tsai ◽

H.-L. Tsai ◽

J.-Y. Liao ◽

W.-C. Huang

Keyword(s):

Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽

Mosaic Virus ◽

Broad Bean ◽

Solomon Islands ◽

Natural Host ◽

Vector System ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

First Report ◽

Wilt Virus ◽

Broad Bean Wilt Virus

Vigna marina (Burm.) Merr., the dune bean or notched cowpea, is a tropical creeping vine that grows on sand dunes along the coastal regions of Taiwan. Although V. marina is a weed, some varieties are also grown for fodder and food. This legume is a natural host of Bean common mosaic virus in the Solomon Islands (1) and Alfalfa mosaic virus or Beet western yellows virus in Australia (2). In April 2009, plants of V. marina showing severe mosaic and chlorotic ringspots on the foliage were found in the coastal region of Hualien County in eastern Taiwan. Indirect ELISA on a single diseased plant showed positive results with antibodies against the cucumber isolate of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) but negative to Broad bean wilt virus-1, Broad bean wilt virus-2, and some potyviruses (Agdia Inc., Elkhart, IN). A pure isolate of CMV was obtained from V. marina through three successive passages of single lesion isolation in sap-inoculated Chenopodium quinoa. Results of mechanical inoculations showed that the CMV-V. marina isolate was successfully transmitted to C. amaranticolor, C. murale, C. quinoa, Chrysanthemum coronarium, Gomphrena globosa, Nicotiana benthamiana, N. tabacum cv. Vam-Hicks, Phaseolus limensis, P. lunatus, P. vulgaris, Tetragonia tetragonioides, V. marina, V. radiata, and V. unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis. These results of artificial inoculations were confirmed by ELISA. Homologous reactions of the CMV-V. marina isolate with a stock polyclonal antiserum against the CMV-cucumber isolate (4) were observed in sodium dodecyl sulfate-immunodiffusion. To determine the specific CMV subgroup, total RNA was extracted from inoculated leaves of C. quinoa using the Total Plant RNA Extraction Miniprep System (Viogene, Sunnyvale, CA). A DNA fragment of 940 bp covering the 3′ end of the coat protein gene and C-terminal noncoding region of RNA-3 was amplified using the Cucumovirus-specific primers (3) after reverse transcription (RT)-PCR with AccuPower RT/PCR PreMix Kit (Bioneer, Daejeon, Korea). The product was gel purified by Micro-Elute DNA/Clean Extraction Kit (GeneMark Technology Co., Tainan, Taiwan) and cloned in yT&A Cloning Vector System (Yeastern Biotech Co., Taipei, Taiwan) for sequencing (Mission Biotech Co., Taipei, Taiwan) and the sequence was submitted to GenBank (No. HM015286). Pairwise comparisons of the sequence of CMV-V. marina isolate with corresponding sequences of other CMV isolates revealed the maximum (95 to 96%) nucleotide identities with CMV subgroup IB isolates (strains Nt9 and Tfn) compared with 94 to 95% identities with subgroup IA isolates (strains Y and Fny) or 77 to 78% identities with subgroup II (strains LS and Q). These results suggest that CMV is the causal agent for the mosaic disease of V. marina in Taiwan and the isolate belongs to subgroup I. To our knowledge, this is the first report of V. marina as a natural host of CMV. This strain of CMV with specific pathogenicity could threaten crop production in the coastal zones. In addition, V. marina associated with native coastal vegetation was injured by CMV infection, which might lead to ecological impacts on shoreline fading. References: (1) A. A. Brunt. Surveys for Plant Viruses and Virus Diseases in Solomon Islands. FAO, Rome, 1987. (2) C. Büchen-Osmond, ed. Viruses of Plants in Australia. Retrieved from http://www.ictvdb.rothamsted.ac.uk/Aussi/aussi.htm . September, 2002. (3) S. K. Choi et al. J. Virol. Methods 83:67, 1999. (4) S. H. Hseu et al. Plant Prot. Bull. (Taiwan) 29:233, 1987.

Download Full-text