Diversity of lateral line patterns and neuromast numbers in the genus Oryzias

ABSTRACT A remarkable diversity of lateral line patterns exists in adult teleost fishes, the basis of which is largely unknown. By analysing the lateral line patterns and organ numbers in 29 Oryzias species and strains we report a rapid diversification of the lateral line system within this genus. We show a strong dependence of lateral line elaboration (number of neuromasts per cluster, number of parallel lateral lines) on adult species body size irrespective of phylogenetic relationships. In addition, we report that the degree of elaboration of the anterior lateral line, posterior lateral line and caudal neuromast clusters is tightly linked within species, arguing for a globally coordinated mechanism controlling lateral line organ numbers and patterns. We provide evidence for a polygenic control over neuromast numbers and positioning in the genus Oryzias. Our data also indicate that the diversity in lateral lines can arise as a result of differences in patterning both during embryonic development and post-embryonically, where simpler embryonic patterns generate less complex adult patterns and organ numbers, arguing for a linkage between the two processes.

Direct foam writing in microgravity

Herein we report 2D printing in microgravity of aqueous-based foams containing metal oxide nanoparticles. Such hierarchical foams have potential space applications, for example for in situ habitat repair work, or for UV shielding. Foam line patterns of a TiO2-containing foam have been printed onto glass substrates via Direct Foam Writing (DFW) under microgravity conditions through a parabolic aircraft flight. Initial characterization of the foam properties (printed foam line width, bubble size, etc.) are presented. It has been found that gravity plays a significant role in the process of direct foam writing. The foam spread less over the substrate when deposited in microgravity as compared to Earth gravity. This had a direct impact on the cross-sectional area and surface roughness of the printed lines. Additionally, the contact angle of deionized water on a film exposed to microgravity was higher than that of a film not exposed to microgravity, due to the increased surface roughness of films exposed to microgravity.

A Study on the Mechanical Properties of 3D Printed PLA Specimens According to Infilled Pattern and Printing Direction

This paper intended to measure the material's rigidity according to the orientation of the PLA specimen produced by the FDM method. To measure the change of strength and stiffness according to the direction of stacking of FDM PLA, the specimen was manufactured and tested not only in the direction of stacking but also infill using line pattern and concentric pattern. The intensity of each direction was 38.11MPa with a 0 degree tensile in the line pattern, 3.45 times higher than 11.9MPa with a 90 degree tensile, and 2.15 times higher shear strength with 28.05MPa and 13.88MPa. In concentric pattern, 0 degree tensile was 50.62MPa, 6.25 times higher than 8.46MPa, and 2.23 times higher in shear strength at 13.52MPa compared to 29.56MPa. The biggest difference in zero-degree concentric pattern tensile was the 37% difference in the 0 degree concentric pattern factor. This shows that the difference in intensity according to direction is more pronounced in concentric patterns than line patterns, and the behavior under load will be similar until the breaking point regardless of the direction.

Stock Trend Prediction Algorithm Based on Deep Recurrent Neural Network

With the return of deep learning methods to the public eye, more and more scholars and industry researchers have tried to start exploring the possibility of neural networks to solve the problem, and some progress has been made. However, although neural networks have powerful function fitting ability, they are often criticized for their lack of explanatory power. Due to the large number of parameters and complex structure of neural network models, academics are unable to explain the predictive logic of most neural networks, test the significance of model parameters, and summarize the laws that humans can understand and use. Inspired by the technical analysis theory in the field of stock investment, this paper selects neural network models with different characteristics and extracts effective feature combinations from short-term stock price fluctuation data. In addition, on the basis of ensuring that the prediction effect of the model is not lower than that of the mainstream models, this paper uses the attention mechanism to further explore the predictive K -line patterns, which summarizes usable judgment experience for human researchers on the one hand and explains the prediction logic of the hybrid neural network on the other. Experiments show that the classification effect is better using this model, and the investor sentiment is obtained more accurately, and the accuracy rate can reach 85%, which lays the foundation for the establishment of the whole stock trend prediction model. In terms of explaining the prediction logic of the model, it is experimentally demonstrated that the K -line patterns mined using the attention mechanism have more significant predictive power than the general K -line patterns, and this result explains the prediction basis of the hybrid neural network.

Computer Assistive Palm Reader

Palmistry, also known as palm reading or hand prediction, is the study of a person's personality, fortune, and future by examining his or her hands. Chiromancy is another name for it. Palmistry encompasses not just the reading of one's hand or palm, but also the reading of one's arm, finger, and fingernail. This system shows a digital image processing application that can be used in palmistry to predict people's personalities or future lives. Based on edge detection and recognition, a palmistry prediction system has been created. This developed system uses morphological operations as well. The system uses a decision tree classifier algorithm to identify specific features in the input images and extract principal lines from a human palm image. The most important line patterns in palmistry are summarised and used as models for fortune-telling palm reading. The model predicts a person's personality and displays the predictions based on palmistry knowledge and date of birth.

A Laboratory Exercise Simulating Antibody and Antigen Reactions of the Ouchterlony Double Immunodiffusion Assay Using Inorganic Salts

The Ouchterlony double immunodiffusion assay is a serological technique used in the detection of antibodies and antigens for diagnostic purposes and also used in immunology laboratory courses as a common teaching assay where students observe the geometrical precipitation line patterns that form in the agarose, elucidating degrees of homology between antigens. In this classical technique, students must wait several hours to days to obtain results when protein antigens and antibodies are used.

A comparative study on yield line mechanisms for four bolted extended end-plated connection

Extended end-plated connections are preferred in moment resisting frames due to their advantages such as no required in-situ welding, accurate fabrication and economic feasibility compared to flange welded moment connections. The capacity of the extended end-plated connections depends on bolt configurations, end-plate thickness, bolt diameter and their material properties excluding column part. The thickness of end-plate can be computed using yield line mechanisms. Different yield line patterns are available in the literature and some of these are adopted in seismic codes to estimate the thickness of end-plate. In this study, the accuracy of different yield line patterns is compared using collected experimental data and numerical analysis. A parametric numerical analysis was conducted utilizing the finite element tool, ABAQUS. The results of experimental data and parametric study were evaluated for both unstiffened and stiffened four bolted extended end-plated connections. The results revealed that the capacity of the end-plate connections significantly depends on the yield line mechanism. Therefore, selecting an accurate yield line mechanism is essential in order not to overestimate the thickness of the end-plate. More importantly is that these yield line mechanisms can be directly implemented to AISC 358 and Turkish Building Earthquake Code 2018 (TBEC-2018).

Fabrication of Oblique Submicron-Scale Structures Using Synchrotron Hard X-ray Lithography

Oblique submicron-scale structures are used in various aspects of research, such as the directional characteristics of dry adhesives and wettability. Although deposition, etching, and lithography techniques are applied to fabricate oblique submicron-scale structures, these approaches have the problem of the controllability or throughput of the structures. Here, we propose a simple X-ray-lithography method, which can control the oblique angle of submicron-scale structures with areas on the centimeter scale. An X-ray mask was fabricated by gold film deposition on slanted structures. Using this mask, oblique ZEP520A photoresist structures with slopes of 20° and 10° and widths of 510 nm and 345 nm were fabricated by oblique X-ray exposure, and the possibility of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) molding was also confirmed. In addition, through double exposure with submicron- and micron-scale X-ray masks, dotted-line patterns were produced as an example of multiscale patterning.