First report of tobacco as a natural host of Euphorbia mosaic virus in Cuba

African cassava mosaic virus (ACMV; genus Begomovirus, family Geminiviridae) is one of six viruses documented in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) plants showing cassava mosaic disease in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). In addition to cassava, the natural host range of ACMV includes a few wild Manihot species, Jatropha multifida, and Ricinus communis L. in Euphorbiaceae, and Hewittia sublobata in Convolvulaceae. The experimental host range of ACMV includes Nicotiana sp. and Datura sp. in the Solanaceae (2). Recently, natural occurrence of ACMV was reported in Combretum confertum (Benth.), Leucana leucocephala (Lam.) De Witt, and Senna occidentalis (L.) Link belonging to Leguminasae from Nigeria (1,3). During reconnaissance studies conducted on soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) in September and October of 2007 in the Ibadan (N = 19) and Benue (N = 23) regions and in February of 2008 in Ibadan (N = 16), we observed soybean showing yellow mosaic and mottling symptoms. Samples from these plants (N = 58) were tested by indirect ELISA and symptomatic leaves tested negative to Cucumber mosaic virus, Cowpea mottle virus, Southern bean mosaic virus, Tobacco ringspot virus, Soybean dwarf virus, Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus, Blackeye cowpea mosaic virus, Peanut mottle virus, and Broad bean mosaic virus, which have been documented in soybean in SSA. However, 8.6% of these samples (5 of 58) (one each from Ibadan and Benue in the 2007 survey and three from Ibadan in the 2008 survey) tested positive in triple-antibody sandwich-ELISA with a monoclonal antibody (SCR33) to ACMV. ELISA results were further confirmed by PCR with ACMV specific primers AL1/F and AR0/R that amplified a 987-bp DNA fragment corresponding to the intergenic region, AC-4 and AC-1 genes of DNA-A segment (4). The PCR product was cloned into pCR2.1 (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) and three independent clones were sequenced in both orientations. Pairwise comparison of the derived consensus sequence (GenBank Accession No. EU367500) with corresponding ACMV sequence of ACMV isolate from Nigeria (GenBank Accession No. X17095) showed 98% identity at the nucleotide level. To further confirm the virus identity, complete nucleotide sequence of the DNA-A segment was determined by PCR amplification of viral DNA with four primers, cloning of overlapping products into pCR2.1 vector and sequencing. The derived sequence (2,781 nucleotides; GenBank Accession No. EU685385) was compared with the DNA sequences available at NCBI database using BLAST. This revealed 97% nucleotide sequence identity with ACMV-[NG:Ogo:90] (Accession No. AJ427910) and ACMV-[NG] (Accession No. X17095) from Nigeria. These results confirm the presence of ACMV in symptomatic soybean leaves. To our knowledge, this is the first report of soybean as a natural host of ACMV in SSA. On the basis of previous reports (1) and the results currently presented it seems that ACMV has a wide host range. References: (1) O. J. Alabi et al. Phytopathology (Abstr.) 97(suppl.):S3, 2007. (2) A. A. Brunt et al., eds. Plant viruses online: Descriptions and lists from the VIDE database. Version 20. Online publication, 1996. (3) F. O. Ogbe et al. Plant Dis. 90:548, 2006; (4) X. Zhou et al. J. Gen. Virol. 78:2101, 1997.

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First Report of Cucumber mosaic virus on Vigna marina in Taiwan

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-06-10-0459 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 94 (10) ◽

pp. 1267-1267 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

T.-C. Deng ◽

C.-H. Tsai ◽

H.-L. Tsai ◽

J.-Y. Liao ◽

W.-C. Huang

Keyword(s):

Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽

Mosaic Virus ◽

Broad Bean ◽

Solomon Islands ◽

Natural Host ◽

Vector System ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

First Report ◽

Wilt Virus ◽

Broad Bean Wilt Virus

Vigna marina (Burm.) Merr., the dune bean or notched cowpea, is a tropical creeping vine that grows on sand dunes along the coastal regions of Taiwan. Although V. marina is a weed, some varieties are also grown for fodder and food. This legume is a natural host of Bean common mosaic virus in the Solomon Islands (1) and Alfalfa mosaic virus or Beet western yellows virus in Australia (2). In April 2009, plants of V. marina showing severe mosaic and chlorotic ringspots on the foliage were found in the coastal region of Hualien County in eastern Taiwan. Indirect ELISA on a single diseased plant showed positive results with antibodies against the cucumber isolate of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) but negative to Broad bean wilt virus-1, Broad bean wilt virus-2, and some potyviruses (Agdia Inc., Elkhart, IN). A pure isolate of CMV was obtained from V. marina through three successive passages of single lesion isolation in sap-inoculated Chenopodium quinoa. Results of mechanical inoculations showed that the CMV-V. marina isolate was successfully transmitted to C. amaranticolor, C. murale, C. quinoa, Chrysanthemum coronarium, Gomphrena globosa, Nicotiana benthamiana, N. tabacum cv. Vam-Hicks, Phaseolus limensis, P. lunatus, P. vulgaris, Tetragonia tetragonioides, V. marina, V. radiata, and V. unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis. These results of artificial inoculations were confirmed by ELISA. Homologous reactions of the CMV-V. marina isolate with a stock polyclonal antiserum against the CMV-cucumber isolate (4) were observed in sodium dodecyl sulfate-immunodiffusion. To determine the specific CMV subgroup, total RNA was extracted from inoculated leaves of C. quinoa using the Total Plant RNA Extraction Miniprep System (Viogene, Sunnyvale, CA). A DNA fragment of 940 bp covering the 3′ end of the coat protein gene and C-terminal noncoding region of RNA-3 was amplified using the Cucumovirus-specific primers (3) after reverse transcription (RT)-PCR with AccuPower RT/PCR PreMix Kit (Bioneer, Daejeon, Korea). The product was gel purified by Micro-Elute DNA/Clean Extraction Kit (GeneMark Technology Co., Tainan, Taiwan) and cloned in yT&A Cloning Vector System (Yeastern Biotech Co., Taipei, Taiwan) for sequencing (Mission Biotech Co., Taipei, Taiwan) and the sequence was submitted to GenBank (No. HM015286). Pairwise comparisons of the sequence of CMV-V. marina isolate with corresponding sequences of other CMV isolates revealed the maximum (95 to 96%) nucleotide identities with CMV subgroup IB isolates (strains Nt9 and Tfn) compared with 94 to 95% identities with subgroup IA isolates (strains Y and Fny) or 77 to 78% identities with subgroup II (strains LS and Q). These results suggest that CMV is the causal agent for the mosaic disease of V. marina in Taiwan and the isolate belongs to subgroup I. To our knowledge, this is the first report of V. marina as a natural host of CMV. This strain of CMV with specific pathogenicity could threaten crop production in the coastal zones. In addition, V. marina associated with native coastal vegetation was injured by CMV infection, which might lead to ecological impacts on shoreline fading. References: (1) A. A. Brunt. Surveys for Plant Viruses and Virus Diseases in Solomon Islands. FAO, Rome, 1987. (2) C. Büchen-Osmond, ed. Viruses of Plants in Australia. Retrieved from http://www.ictvdb.rothamsted.ac.uk/Aussi/aussi.htm . September, 2002. (3) S. K. Choi et al. J. Virol. Methods 83:67, 1999. (4) S. H. Hseu et al. Plant Prot. Bull. (Taiwan) 29:233, 1987.

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First Report of Tobacco as a Natural Host of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus in Spain

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pd-89-0910b ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 89 (8) ◽

pp. 910-910 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

M. I. Font ◽

C. Córdoba ◽

A. García ◽

R. Santiago ◽

C. Jordá

Keyword(s):

Mosaic Virus ◽

Simultaneous Detection ◽

Tomato Yellow Leaf ◽

Natural Host ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Yellow Leaf ◽

Tobacco Plants ◽

First Report ◽

Leaf Curl Virus ◽

Leaf Curl

Two begomovirus species, Tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus (TYLCSV) and Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), have been identified as causal agents of tomato yellow leaf curl disease (TYLCD) in Spain. TYLCSV was reported in Spain in 1992 and TYLCV in 1997 on tomato crops (3). TYLCV was also reported in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) crops in southern Spain in 1997 and 1999, respectively. During the summer of 2004, symptoms of yellowing, crumpling, and necrosis of new leaves were observed sporadically in young, field-grown tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) plants in the Badajoz Province. These tobacco plants were next to tomato crops where TYLCV was detected for the first time in Badajoz in 2003. In September 2004, four symptomatic tobacco plants were selected for double antibody sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) identification analyses. Serological analyses were carried out in two repetitions and with the following polyclonal antisera: Potato virus Y (PVY) (Loewe Biochemica, Sauerlach, Germany); Tobacco mild green mosaic virus (produced in our laboratory); Tobacco mosaic virus (BIO-RAD, Marnes-La-Coquette, France); and Tomato spotted wilt virus (Loewe Biochemica). A simplified method of duplex PCR was used for a rapid, sensitive, and simultaneous detection of TYLCSV and TYLCV (2). Mixed infections of PVY and TYLCV were detected in all four tobacco samples tested. TYLCV infection was confirmed using the primer pair TY-1/TY-2 specific for the coat protein (CP) gene of begomoviruses (1). The CP fragment was digested with the restriction enzyme AvaII, and the pattern obtained corresponded to that obtained from TYLCV-infected tomato that served as a positive control. Two PCR products from different tobacco samples were sequenced and both showed 100% identity with the corresponding region (Almería) of TYLCV (GenBank Accession No. AJ489258) and 99% with TYLCV-Mild (Spain) (GenBank Accession No. AJ519441), confirming the diagnosis. The symptoms observed in the tobacco plants can not be attributed solely to TYLCV since the virus was present in a mixed infection with PVY. However, tobacco infected with TYLCV may serve as an important alternate host for TYLCV in the tomato cropping system. To our knowledge, this is the first report of N. tabacum as a natural host of TYLCV in Spain. References: (1) G. P. Accotto et al. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 106:179, 2000. (2) P. Martínez-Culebras et al. Ann. Appl. Biol. 139:251, 2001. (3) J. Navas-Castillo et al. Plant Dis. 81:1461, 1997.

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First Report of the Natural Infection of Robinia pseudoacacia with Alfalfa mosaic virus

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-12-12-1136-pdn ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 97 (6) ◽

pp. 851-851 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

G. Delibašić ◽

B. Tanović ◽

J. Hrustic ◽

I. Stanković ◽

A. Bulajić ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mosaic Virus ◽

Black Locust ◽

Natural Infection ◽

Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽

Alfalfa Mosaic Virus ◽

Natural Host ◽

Post Inoculation ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

First Report ◽

Negative Controls

Robinia pseudoacacia L. (family Fabaceae), commonly known as black locust, is native to the southeastern United States, but has been widely planted and naturalized in temperate regions worldwide. In Europe it is often planted alongside streets and in parks, not only because of the dense canopy and impressive flower clusters in spring, but also because it tolerates air pollution well. In June 2012, several black locust trees exhibiting yellow leaf spots accompanied by mottling and leaf deformation were observed in a park in Backa Topola, North Backa District, Serbia. Numerous aphid colonies were found colonizing symptomatic trees. Leaves collected from nine symptomatic and 10 asymptomatic trees were tested for the presence of three common aphid-transmitted viruses, Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), Cucumber mosaic virus, and Potato virus Y, using double-antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA with commercial polyclonal antibody (Bioreba AG, Reinach, Switzerland). Commercial positive and negative controls and extracts from healthy black locust leaves were included in each assay. AMV was serologically detected in all symptomatic and also in four of the asymptomatic trees, while no other tested viruses were found. Sap from affected leaves of a ELISA-positive sample (373-12) was mechanically inoculated onto five plants each of Chenopodium quinoa and Nicotiana benthamiana using 0.01 M phosphate buffer (pH 7). Symptoms including local chlorotic leaf lesions followed by mosaic on C. quinoa and a bright yellow mosaic on N. benthamiana were observed on all inoculated plants 5 and 10 days post-inoculation, respectively. The identity of the virus was confirmed using reverse transcription (RT)-PCR analysis. Total RNAs from all naturally and mechanically infected plants were isolated using RNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). RT-PCR was carried out using the One-Step RT-PCR Kit (Qiagen) with primer pair CP AMV1 and CP AMV2 specific to the partial CP gene and 3′-UTR of AMV RNA 3 (1). Total RNAs from Serbian AMV isolate from alfalfa (GenBank Accession No. FJ527748) and RNA extract from healthy leaves of R. pseudoacacia were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. All tested plants, as well as the positive control, yielded an amplicon of the correct predicted size (751 bp), while no amplicon was recorded in the healthy control. The amplified product of isolate 373-12 was purified with QIAquick PCR Purification Kit (Qiagen) and sequenced on ABI PRISM 3700 DNA analyzer (Macrogen, South Korea) in both directions (KC288155). Pairwise comparison of the 373-12 isolate CP sequence with those available in GenBank, conducted with MEGA5 software (4), revealed the maximum nucleotide identity of 99% (99% amino acid identity) with the soybean isolate (HQ185569) from Tennessee. AMV has a worldwide distribution and its natural host range includes over 150 plant species, including many herbaceous and several woody plants (2). To our knowledge, this is the first report of R. pseudoacacia as a natural host of AMV worldwide. This finding has potentially significant implications for the successful production of susceptible crops, considering that black locust could act as an important link in the epidemiology of AMV as it may serve as a virus reservoir (3). References: (1) M. M. Finetti-Sialer et al. J. Plant Pathol. 79:115, 1997. (2) R. Hull. Comparative Plant Virology. 2nd ed. Elsevier Academic Press, Burlington, MA, 2009. (3) E. E. Muller et al. Plant Dis. 96:506, 2012. (4) K. Tamura et al. Mol. Biol. Evol. 28:2731, 2011.

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First Report of Pepper (Capsicum annuum) as a Natural Host Plant for Youcai mosaic virus

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-07-15-0795-pdn ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 100 (2) ◽

pp. 541 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

S. B. Zhang ◽

J. Liu ◽

Z. B. Zhao ◽

L. M. Zheng ◽

D. Y. Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Host Plant ◽

Mosaic Virus ◽

Capsicum Annuum ◽

Natural Host ◽

First Report

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Momordica balsamina, a new natural host of begomovirus and its first report in India

Indian Phytopathology ◽

10.1007/s42360-021-00362-y ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Arvind Mohanan ◽

Abhishek Sharma

Keyword(s):

Natural Host ◽

First Report

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First report of pea enation mosaic virus 1 infecting Lathyrus ochrus (L.) DC and L. cicera L. in Greece

Journal of Plant Pathology ◽

10.1007/s42161-021-00802-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kyriaki Sareli ◽

Konstantinos Gaitanis ◽

Ioannis T. Tsialtas ◽

Stephan Winter ◽

Elisavet K. Chatzivassiliou

Keyword(s):

Mosaic Virus ◽

First Report ◽

Pea Enation Mosaic Virus

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First Report of Wisteria vein mosaic virus in Wisteria sinensis in the United States of America

Plant Health Progress ◽

10.1094/php-2008-0818-01-br ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 42 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rayapati A. Naidu ◽

Gandhi Karthikeyan

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Mosaic Virus ◽

United States Of America ◽

The United States ◽

Home Gardens ◽

First Report ◽

Woody Perennial ◽

Wisteria Sinensis ◽

First Time ◽

Wisteria Vein Mosaic Virus

The ornamental Chinese wisteria (Wisteria sinensis) is a woody perennial grown for its flowering habit in home gardens and landscape settings. In this brief, the occurrence of Wisteria vein mosaic virus (WVMV) was reported for the first time in Chinese wisteria in the United States of America. Accepted for publication 18 June 2008. Published 18 August 2008.

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