scholarly journals Investigation of non-Pb all-perovskite 4-T mechanically stacked and 2-T monolithic tandem solar devices utilizing SCAPS simulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Tohidul Islam ◽  
Md. Rafsun Jani ◽  
Sanzida Rahman ◽  
Kazi Md. Shorowordi ◽  
Sadiq Shahriyar Nishat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Matching Condition ◽  
Wide Bandgap ◽  
Absorber Layer ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tandem Configuration ◽  
Low Bandgap ◽  
Bottom Cell ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Current Matching ◽  
A Current

AbstractSCAPS simulation was utilized to complement previously published perovskite-on-Si tandem solar devices and explore herein viable all-perovskite 4-T mechanically stacked and 2-T monolithic non-Pb tandem structures. CsSn0.5Ge0.5I3 (1.5 eV) was used as top cell wide bandgap absorber, while CsSnI3 (1.3 eV) was chosen as bottom cell low bandgap absorber. The top cell was simulated with AM 1.5G 1 Sun spectrum, and the bottom cell was simulated with the filtered spectrum from the top cell. To form a 2-T monolithic tandem device, ITO was used as the recombination layer; the current matching condition was investigated by varying the thickness of the absorber layers. For a current-matched device with a Jsc of 21.2 mA/cm2, optimized thicknesses of 450 nm and 815 nm were obtained for the top and bottom absorber layers, respectively. At these thicknesses, the PCEs of the top and bottom cells were 14.08% and 9.25%, respectively, and 18.32% for the final tandem configuration. A much simpler fabricated and simulated 4-T mechanically stacked tandem device, on the other hand, showcased top and bottom cell PCEs of 15.83% and 9.15%, at absorber layer thicknesses of 1300 nm and 900 nm, respectively, and a final overall tandem device PCE of 19.86%.

Spanish Morphophonology

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Colina
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Current View ◽  
Phonological Processes ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Word Classes ◽  
Active Phenomenon ◽  
A Current ◽  
Sizable Number

AbstractIn recent years a sizable number of morphophonological phenomena have attracted considerable attention from Spanish phonologists. This article presents a current view of the controversies within the context of two recurring topics: the validity of morphophonological generalizations and the interaction of morphological and phonological processes. Some of the processes discussed are velar and coronal softening, diphthongization, word-classes, stem formatives, nasal depalatalization, diminutive formation and the nature of final -e. It is shown that some phenomena cannot be said to be synchronically active (i.e. coronal and velar softening, final epenthesis, diphthongization, and depalatalization), consisting instead of lexicalized alternants. Plural epenthesis, on the other hand, is argued (contra Bonet) to be an active phenomenon. Pluralization and diminutive formation are said to be morphophonological, not just phonological. Finally, the article addresses the connection between the interaction of morphological and phonological processes to the design of the morphophonological component of the grammar, introducing the issue of a derivational element in non-derivational models of phonology.

On some Relations between Magnetism and Twist. Parts II., III

1892 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 318-319
Author(s):  
Cargill G. Knott
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Close Connection ◽  
Rectangular Section ◽  
Nickel Iron ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
High Fields ◽  
Very High ◽  
A Current

Part II. contains a continuation of former experiments on the twists produced in the magnetic metals when they are under the combined influence of circular and longitudinal magnetisations.It is established that a cobalt rod of rectangular section twists left-handedly when a current is passed along it in the direction of magnetisation. That is, cobalt behaves like nickel. Iron, on the other hand, twists right-handedly, until very high fields are employed. These results seem to have a close connection with the magnetic changes of length in these metals; for iron expands in moderate fields, while nickel and cobalt contract, the former always, and the latter till high fields are reached.

Morphological and functional aspects of two different types of hair cells in the goldfish sacculus

1989 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 1330-1343 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Sugihara ◽  
T. Furukawa
Keyword(s):  
Cell Body ◽  
Hair Cells ◽  
The Other ◽  
Resting Potential ◽  
K Channel ◽  
Short Hair ◽  
Current Clamp ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Inwardly Rectifying ◽  
A Current

1. With the use of whole-cell mode of the patch-clamp method, we examined the electrical responses of hair cells enzymatically isolated from the goldfish sacculus. 2. Hair cells from the rostral saccule had a short cell body and were ovoidal or eggplantlike in shape, whereas hair cells from the caudal saccule had a variable shape. Many had a longer cell body and were cylindrical or gourd-like in shape, but some short hair cells were also present in the caudal saccule. 3. The short hair cells had a resting potential of about -75 mV. In current-clamp experiments, these hair cells elicited damped oscillatory-potential changes of a relatively small amplitude in response to a depolarizing current. A current in the opposite direction produced a slow hyperpolarization, much larger in amplitude. 4. Resonant frequency of the short, or the oscillatory, type of hair cells ranged from 40 to 200 Hz or higher. However, resonance was generally of a poor quality as compared with that noted for hair cells in the turtle cochlea or frog sacculus. 5. The long hair cells had a resting potential of -90 to -100 mV. In current-clamp experiments, these hair cells elicited an all-or-none spike approximately 50 mV in amplitude in response to a depolarizing current. The spike was usually followed by a plateau, which was maintained for the duration of the depolarizing pulse. In some hair cells, damped slow oscillatory waves were evoked at a rate of 5-15 Hz. On the other hand, a hyperpolarizing current produced potential changes much smaller in amplitude. 6. Voltage-clamp experiments showed that Ca2+-activated K+ channel and A-current, especially its high-threshold subclass, were involved in the generation of outward rectification in the oscillatory-type hair cells. On the other hand, Na+, in addition to Ca2+, was involved in the generation of spike in the spike-type hair cells. Spike potentials were elicited even in the presence of tetrodotoxin (TTX), but the rate of rise was slower as compared with the intact spikes. 7. The spike-type hair cells had an inwardly rectifying K+ channel similar to that noted in the tunicate egg and chick vestibular hair cell. However, the oscillatory-type hair cells had an inwardly rectifying channel similar to the hyperpolarization-activated current, Ih, of the rod inner segment, or sinoatrial nodal cell, or lacked the inwardly rectifying channel. Differences in the resting membrane potential between the oscillatory- and spike-type hair cells are probably related to differences in the inwardly rectifying channels. 8. Effects of sound stimulation were simulated by injecting a half-wave rectified sinusoidal current of various frequencies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

scholarly journals Das „ungewöhnlich intensive“ Streikjahr 2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (186) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Artus
Keyword(s):  
Collective Bargaining ◽  
The Other ◽  
Metal Industry ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
The Past ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level ◽  
A Current

The paper discusses causes, contexts and consequences of the exceptional high level of strikes sweeping Germany in the year 2015. It gives a detailed overview of the three biggest strike movements (nursery teachers, postal strike and metal industry warning strikes) and sums up the vast number of smaller strikes. The new intensity of conflict is interpreted in a double way: On the one hand it is the consequence of a long lasting union weakness in the past resulting in erosion and fragmentation of collective bargaining. On the other hand it shows that there is a current fight going on to end union defensive. New conflicts at new economic places are breaking off and they are often led by employees who have no long union and strike experience. The feminization and tertiarization of strikes involve for the unions the necessity to refine ‘old’ fordist strike strategies and to deal with new subjects, maybe in a more democratic way than before.

Wind Tunnels

1927 ◽  
Vol 31 (200) ◽  
pp. 799-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Widgery
Keyword(s):  
National Physical Laboratory ◽  
Present Form ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wind Tunnels ◽  
Circular Path ◽  
Flow Past ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Physical Laboratory ◽  
A Current

The wind channel and the whirling arm have been devised and perfected over a period of a number of years with a view to providing reliable aerodynamic data for aircraft designers. Of late years the wind channel has been used considerably more than the whirling arm.In the two pieces of apparatus distinct methods are used. In the whirling arm the model is carried through the air, which is stationary, in a circular path by a long arm. In the wind channel, on the other hand, the model is stationary and a current of air is caused to flow past it.Various types of wind channel have been evolved, but I intend to describe fully the English wind channel in its present form, as perfected by the National Physical Laboratory and the Royal Aircraft Establishment, Farnborough.

Carl Nielsen and the Current of Vitalism in Art

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Fjeldsøe
Keyword(s):  
Art History ◽  
The Other ◽  
Youth Health ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
A Current ◽  
Scandinavian Literature

The great accomplishment of Jorgen I. Jensen in his biography Carl Nielsen – Danskeren (Nielsen – The Dane) was to point to the importance of symbolism to Nielsen’s development especially in the 1890s. That provided a new approach to contextualising features by Nielsen which otherwise had appeared to be particular to him. Vitalism on the other hand is a current in art which has not been spoken much of in the latest 60 years, not least because it became part of fascist aesthetics in the 1930s. One could try to verify the idea that, as in the case of J.F. Willumsen, there might be features which, though, barely explainable as the heritage of symbolism, could make sense if one acknowledges vitalism as a current running through Nielsen’s oeuvre. With the large exhibition Livslyst (Passion of Life) in 2008, Danish art history has thrown new light on this current, and an essay in the catalogue is the first attempt to make a reading of Nielsen in this context. Symbolism, itself a child of modernity, was a rebellion against the rationalism of modern Scandinavian literature and art since the 1870s. After 1900, though, a symbolist interpretation becomes less convincing. Here we find an engagement in the arabesque with affi nity to Jugendstil which acts as transition to an engagement in the Greek, youth, health and vitality, fully in keeping with the views of vitalism. Tracing this engagement might help understand some aspects of Nielsen’s music and aesthetics, though he never became a one hundred per cent vitalist artist. He was all his life an artist with seismographic sensibility to new currents, to which he responded without giving himself totally to them.

El pensamiento de Agustín sobre la vida conyugal y la sexualidad: influencias y equívocos

Augustinus ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-112
Author(s):  
Vittorino Grossi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Married Couple ◽  
Human Sexuality ◽  
Saint Augustine ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
The Other ◽  
Current Application ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Subject ◽  
A Current

The article addresses Augustine’s understanding of human sexuality and the spirituality of the married couple, and has two parts. In the first part, some orientations are given for reading the ancient Christian texts; in the second part, the thought of Saint Augustine on the subject of human sexuality and spirituality of the married couple is exposed. On the other hand, some of the mistakes derived from the Augustinian thought are discussed. The article also presents a current application of the Augustinian thought on sexuality and the spirituality of the married couples in the Contemporary World.

scholarly journals Dziwność istnienia. O nurcie „bizarro fiction” w polskiej literaturze

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 61-74
Author(s):  
Adam Mazurkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Pop Culture ◽  
The Other ◽  
Modern Culture ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
A Current

Strangeness of Being. On a Current of Bizarro Fiction in Polish LiteratureIn modern culture bizarro fiction is an individual current of horror fantasy. It is distinguished by intentionally iconoclastic character of its artistic visions. To the axiological glittering of bizarro fiction undoubtedly contributes placing of this phenomenon somewhere between the pop culture it is inspired by typical for the kind usage of props and the fiction schema, independent culture overcoming the cultural and social taboo and avant-garde from whom it takes the idea of artistic experiment. Because creators of this phenomenon often use the technique of artistic excess the viewer cannot be sure if — searching for latent sense — they are not the victim of provocation; on the other hand, scandal and buffoonery may constitute amask which enables touching culturally important problems.

scholarly journals Electro-physiological researches.—Fourth memoir

1851 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 629-629
Keyword(s):  
Electric Current ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
The Other ◽  
Electric Currents ◽  
Physiological Action ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
A Current ◽  
Contrary Direction ◽  
Mixed Nerve

In the prosecution of his inquiries on the physiological action of electric currents, the author found it necessary to employ an apparatus, which was expressly made for him by M. Bréguet, adapted to the delicate appreciation of the intensity of the force of the mus­cular contractions excited by those currents; of which apparatus he gives a minute description, illustrated by a drawing. He was thus enabled to institute an exact comparison between the contrac­tions caused by the direct, and those by the reverse currents, both at the commencement and at the termination of their action. The following are the general conclusions he deduces from the experi­ments thus conducted. 1. The passage of the electric current through a mixed nerve pro­duces a variation in the excitability of the nerve, differing essen­tially in degree, according to the direction of the current through the nerve. This excitability is weakened and ultimately destroyed; and this takes place more or less rapidly according as the direct current , that is, a current circulating through the nerve from the centre to the periphery, is more or less intense. On the other hand, by the passage of the same current in the contrary direction, that is, from the periphery to the centre, or the inverse current , the ex­citability is preserved and increased.

A study of cometary eruptions through OH radio-lines

1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 249-254
Author(s):  
A.M. Silva ◽  
R.D. Miró
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
The Other ◽  
Initial Mass ◽  
Radio Lines ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Sudden Rise

AbstractWe have developed a model for theH2OandOHevolution in a comet outburst, assuming that together with the gas, a distribution of icy grains is ejected. With an initial mass of icy grains of 108kg released, theH2OandOHproductions are increased up to a factor two, and the growth curves change drastically in the first two days. The model is applied to eruptions detected in theOHradio monitorings and fits well with the slow variations in the flux. On the other hand, several events of short duration appear, consisting of a sudden rise ofOHflux, followed by a sudden decay on the second day. These apparent short bursts are frequently found as precursors of a more durable eruption. We suggest that both of them are part of a unique eruption, and that the sudden decay is due to collisions that de-excite theOHmaser, when it reaches the Cometopause region located at 1.35 × 105kmfrom the nucleus.

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