Missing Links or to the History of the Second Century AD Bosporan Kingdom under Eupator: by numismatic data

Under the Bosporan king Eupator, sestercii were issued with two busts on the obverse: an elderly bearded man in a ray crown and a woman in a high openwork crown, as well as two men: a young one, with or without a beard, and an elderly, bearded one. All men have long hair. The elderly man is no doubt Eupator. Together with him, as is commonly believed, they portrayed Aphrodite Urania and Marcus Aurelius. But this is hardly the case. After all, a very similar image of a woman, framed by the legend “Β … ΕΥΝΟΜΙΑC”, is imprinted on the reverse of the Bosporan sesterces with two male busts on the obverse. But the figures of the deities on the Bosporan coins were not signed. Judging by the crown, this was a Sarmatian queen. We believe that Eunomia, who is mentioned in the coin legend, was the wife and co-ruler of Eupator. The Roman emperors on the Bosporan coins were always depicted with short hair. We believe that the studied sestercii had portraits of Eupator, his wife Eunomia, and also their son, who ruled the Bosporus from 170/171 to 174/175 without the sanction of Rome and, as a result, did not receive the right to issue coins and did not leave lapidary inscriptions.

Ultrasound-activated ciliary bands for microrobotic systems inspired by starfish

Cilia are short, hair-like appendages ubiquitous in various biological systems, which have evolved to manipulate and gather food in liquids at regimes where viscosity dominates inertia. Inspired by these natural systems, synthetic cilia have been developed and utilized in microfluidics and microrobotics to achieve functionalities such as propulsion, liquid pumping and mixing, and particle manipulation. Here, we demonstrate ultrasound-activated synthetic ciliary bands that mimic the natural arrangements of ciliary bands on the surface of starfish larva. Our system leverages nonlinear acoustics at microscales to drive bulk fluid motion via acoustically actuated small-amplitude oscillations of synthetic cilia. By arranging the planar ciliary bands angled towards (+) or away (−) from each other, we achieve bulk fluid motion akin to a flow source or sink. We further combine these flow characteristics with a physical principle to circumvent the scallop theorem and realize acoustic-based propulsion at microscales. Finally, inspired by the feeding mechanism of a starfish larva, we demonstrate an analogous microparticle trap by arranging + and − ciliary bands adjacent to each other.

Chronic kidney disease pada kucing domestic short hair

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) merupakan kelainan struktural dan fungsional ginjal yang bersifat irreversibel, sehingga ginjal mengalami penurunan hingga kehilangan fungsinya. Kasus ini ditulis untuk melaporkan proses penentuan diagnosa dan penanganan CKD pada kucing di klinik hewan Citrapet and Vet, Cibubur, Bekasi. Seekor kucing luar ruangan berkelamin betina dibawa ke klinik hewan dengan keluhan kondisi lemas dan tidak mau makan selama 3 hari. Temuan klinis menunjukkan turgor kulit > 2 detik, diare, banyak pinjal, saluran cerna kosong dan banyak gas, serta ginjal teraba berukuran besar. Pemeriksaan hematologi dan kimia darah terjadi penurunan kadar hemoglobin, penurunan hematokrit, leukositosis, limfositosis, granulositosis dan azotemia. Pemeriksaan urinalisis diperoleh nilai BJ dibawah normal, hematuria, proteinuria dan leukosituria. Pencitraan ultrasonografi menunjukkan batas antara pelvis renal, korteks dan medula tidak jelas pada kedua ginjal dan pola anekhoik yang diduga cairan tampak pada ginjal kanan. Kucing didiagnosa CKD dengan prognosa infausta. Terapi yang diberikan adalah pemberian antibiotik, antidiare, probiotik dan suplemen ginjal. Pemilik memutuskan rawat jalan setelah perawatan selama 10 hari dengan kondisi letargi, nafsu makan buruk dan sudah tidak menggalami diare.

Significance of Metabolite Ratios in the Interpretation of Segmental Hair Testing Results—Differentiation of Single from Chronic Morphine Use in a Case Series

In morphine intoxication cases, forensic toxicologists are frequently confronted with the question of if the individual was opioid-tolerant or opioid-naïve, which can be investigated by hair analysis. However, interpretation of results can be challenging. Here, we report on hair testing for morphine and its metabolite hydromorphone following morphine intoxication without tolerance and upon chronic use. Two consecutive hair samples were collected after a non-fatal intoxication. Analysis comprised short hair segments and their initial wash water solutions. In the intoxications, morphine and hydromorphone levels were 3.3 to 56 pg/mg and at maximum 9.8 pg/mg, respectively. Both levels and hydromorphone to morphine ratios were significantly lower compared to chronic morphine use. In the non-fatal intoxication, the highest hydromorphone to morphine ratio was obtained in the segment corresponding to the time of intoxication. Morphine ratios of wash to hair were significantly higher in the intoxications compared to chronic use, being indicative of sweat/sebum contamination. We recommend including the analysis of hydromorphone and the initial wash solution in cases of morphine intoxications. Our study demonstrates that hydromorphone to morphine ratios can help in distinguishing single from chronic morphine use and in estimating the period of exposure when a consecutive hair sample can be collected in survived intoxications.

Description of the second- and third-instar larvae of Hydrovatus crassulus Sharp, 1882 (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Hydrovatini)

The second- and third-instar larvae of the diving-beetle species Hydrovatus crassulus Sharp, 1882 are described and illustrated, including detailed morphometric and chaetotaxic analyses of the cephalic capsule, head appendages, legs, last abdominal segment and urogomphi. Larvae of this species lack the parietal pore PAo, the premental seta LA3 and the urogomphal seta UR8, and have the sensillum MN2 shaped as a short hair-like seta and the ventral surface of the abdominal segments II–V sclerotized. All these characteristics are shared with the other species of Hydrovatus Motschulsky, 1853 known in detail (H. caraibus Sharp, 1882) and therefore are considered diagnostic for the genus. Hydrovatus crassulus also characterizes by the presence of a small galea, which reinforces the hypothesis that this structure is part of the ancestral condition of Hydrovatus. Larvae of H. crassulus differ from those of H. caraibus in having a smaller size, a smaller ratio U/LAS, and a larger ratio U1/U2, and also in the presence (in most cases) of a secondary seta on the anteroventral surface of femur.

Amputasi kaki depan pada kucing domestik

Amputasi kaki depan adalah salah satu tindakan operasi yang dilakukan pada seekor kucing akibat adanya trauma pada kaki depan yang tidak mungkin untuk disembuhkan. Seekor kucing domestic short hair jantan berusia 1 tahun tidak dapat berjalan, dibawa oleh klien ke Rumah Sakit karena tertabrak kendaraan satu minggu sebelumnya. Kondisi luka terbuka pada kaki depan kanan mengalami abses dan berbau busuk. Krepitasi teraba pada tulang yang mengarah ke kondisi fraktur pada tulang radius ulna. Operasi amputasi kaki depan diambil sebagai langkah untuk menyelamatkan kehidupan pasien. Terapi post operasi yang diberikan antara lain analgesik, NSAID, antibiotik, dan multivitamin. Luka pascaoperasi sembuh dengan baik dan tidak ada komplikasi. Kucing mulai belajar berjalan menggunakan ketiga kaki yang lain pada hari ketiga.

Dietary Betaine and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Influence Circulating Fatty Acids and Alpha-Tocopherol in Cats

Objectives Evaluate the interaction of dietary betaine and two different sources of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA): alpha-linolenate (ALA) and combined eicosapentaenoate (EPA) and docosahexaenoate (DHA) on subsequent circulating single carbon metabolism and metabolomics. Methods This study was a complete factorial with or without added betaine and 3 levels of PUFA. Forty eight domestic short hair cats with an average age of 5.8 years (range 1–12) were used in this study. All cats were assigned to a pre-feed period (14 days) and then assigned to one of the six treatment foods: control, control plus 0.35% ALA (flaxseed used to increase ALA), control plus 0.27% EPA&DHA combined (added fish oil as a source), control plus 0.5% betaine, control plus ALA and 0.5% betaine or control plus EPA&DHA and 0.5% betaine. All treatment foods were fed for sixty days. Blood analysis (CBC, chem screens, fatty acid profiles, and metabolome) was completed at the beginning and at the end of the study. Statistical analysis used PUFA source or intake, betaine and interaction with p ≤ 0.05 used as significant. Results Dietary betaine increased circulating betaine, dimethyl glycine, sarcosine and methionine while adding ALA increased circulating ALA, and EPA&DHA increased their respective circulating concentrations. Betaine increased circulating arachidonic acid when added alone or with ALA with no change when betaine and EPA&DHA were added together. Dietary betaine increased the slope of the linear relationship between circulating EPA (or DHA) to dietary EPA (or DHA). Dietary betaine resulted in an increased concentration of alpha-tocopherol. Similar results were observed with circulating beta- and gamma-tocopherol (combined). Conclusions Dietary betaine influences the circulating concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids and the methyl donor pathway. It also increases circulating tocopherols. Funding Sources This study was funded by Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc.

Clinical and trichoscopic features in 18 cases of Folliculotropic Mycosis Fungoides with scalp involvement

Folliculotropic Mycosis Fungoides (FMF) is a rare variant of Mycosis Fungoides involving the scalp leading to alopecia. The clinical and trichoscopic features in 18 patients were analyzed and compared with the reports in the literature. Gender, age, disease stage, site of onset were taken into consideration. Clinical and trichoscopic analyses were performed on each patient. From a clinical point of view, Folliculotropic Mycosis Fungoides lesions involving the scalp presented as generalized alopecia (27.8%) or patchy-plaque alopecia (72.2%). Trichoscopic analysis revealed six most frequent features: single hair (83.3%), dotted dilated vessels (77.8%), broken-dystrophic hairs (66.7%), vellus hairs (61.1%), spermatozoa-like pattern vessels (55.6%), and yellow dots (55.6%). Additional identified trichoscopic patterns were dilation of follicular openings, scales-crusts, purpuric dots, short hair with split-end, pigtail hairs, perifollicular hyperkeratosis, milky-white globules, black dots, white dots/lines and absence of follicular dots. These trichoscopic features were further correlated to clinical presentations and stage of the disease. The rarity of the disease is a limitation. The relatively high number of patients allowed to identify several clinical and trichoscopic patterns that could be featured as specific or highly suspicious for FMF in order to consider trichoscopy as a complementary diagnostic approach and improve the differential diagnoses between FMF and other scalp disorders.

PENANGANAN LUKA TERBUKA PADA AXILLA KUCING DOMESTIK METODE SKIN FLAPPING ROTATION FLAPS

The Domestic Short Hair (DSH) cat is male, age unknown, and body weight 4.25 kg has an open wound on the axilla of the cranial dexter limb. The wound was 5 cm in diameter. The surgery performed was the skin flapping rotation flaps method. Post operative care includes wound cleaning, ceftriaxone antibiotics, and anti-inflammatory ketoprofen. The method of handling in this case can be concluded that skin flapping can be used in the treatment of open wounds in cats.

RADIOGRAPHIC IMAGE OF PERIODONTAL DISEASE ON MALE DOMESTIC SHORT HAIR CAT FROM UNIVERSITAS PADJADJARAN JATINANGOR CAMPUS

Periodontal disease is the most common disease affecting pet animals including cats and dogs. This disease can cause pain and discomfort affecting the animal’s life quality. The purpose of this study is to evaluate periodontal disease from dental radiographs taken from male domestic short hair cats. Eight male domestic short hair cats from Universitas Padjadjaran Jatinangor campus were recruited for the study. This study observed several changes within the periodontium from dental radiography with simple quantification and analyzed using descriptive analysis. Dental radiographs were taken on the second right mandibula premolar (408). Several changes found in the dental radiography including widening of the periodontal ligament, bone loss and furcation involvement. This study shows varied changes in the periodontium due to the cat’s immune responses. The examined cats were experiencing widening of the periodontal ligament, bone loss and furcation involvement (37.5%, 25% and 87.5%) respectively. All cats examined were experiencing periodontal disease.