Heidegger o la metódica "destrucción" dentro de la fenomenología husserliana

Es dentro del marco de la fenomenología de Husserl donde Heidegger lleva a cabo su propuesta filosófica, que implica una “destrucción” o “desmontaje” de los conceptos de la tradición, comenzando por los de la fenomenología de su maestro, y una construcción de su propio proyecto filosófico, basado en una analítica de la existencia.La “destrucción” es prácticamente elevada por Heidegger al rango de método filosófico, en paralelo pero en sentido contrario a la epoché, el método fenomenológico de Husserl. Esta diferencia de método, respecto a una común consideración de la intencionalidad de la conciencia, separa los proyectos fenomenológicos del Husserl de Ideen I y del Heidegger de Sein und Zeit: eidético u ontológico. A partir de su método destructivo Heidegger radicalizará las nociones de la fenomenología de Husserl.Within the framework of the phenomenology of Husserl, Heidegger carries out a double philosophical proposal: the “destruction” or “dismantling” of the concepts from the tradition, beginning with those ones of the phenomenology of his teacher, and the construction of his own philosophical project, based on an analysis of the existence.The “destruction” is practically considered by Heidegger as a philosophical method, which is developed in parallel but in a contrary direction to the phenomenological method of Husserl: the epoché. This methodological difference, applied to the intentionality of the consciousness, that the two philosophers consider, separates the phenomenological projects of Husserl in Ideen I and Heidegger in Sein und Zeit: eidetic or ontological. So and from his destructive method Heidegger is going to radicalize the main notions of the phenomenology of Husserl.

Bartleby as Subject

Interpreting Bartleby the scrivener’s formula, “I would prefer not to,” in Herman Melville’s short story is a challenge for many philosophers, and Bartleby’s inaction also hints at a political position. The problem is how to explain this (in)action. It is unclear whether the scrivener is an active subject or a passive object. One potential solution would be to reduce Bartleby’s duality to one of its modes. Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri claim the scrivener is a revolutionary subject; the uncertainty of his actions is regarded as a refusal. Hardt and Negri link this refusal with the next stage in the production of a new society and a new subject. Slavoj Žižek is also ambivalent about “Bartleby politics”. Although the Slovenian philosopher criticizes the authors of Empire, he still declares Bartleby a parallax figure combining action and inaction. However, Žižek did not stake out a position on the ontological status of the scrivener: is he a cunning subject and escape artist, or is he a distinction-basis of the system itself? In the contrary direction, Gilles Deleuze and Giorgio Agamben propose a program for the desubjectification of the scrivener from Wall Street. Here Bartleby is not a subject, but a figure of the ontology of a transcendental source which exists before all ontic differences. The essay offers a radically different solution to the Bartleby problem. It rejects the dichotomy between the subject and object and moves toward the object-oriented theory of action and relational ontology as presented in the works of Bruno Latour. In this ontology, any actors (human or non-human) may turn out situationally to be active or inactive, depending on their position in relation to other actors.

The “Dark Side” of the EMP?

This chapter addresses several issues, with the aim of refining and reorienting the debate about the nuclear hardship hypothesis. Several indicators show that the primacy of the European nuclear household did not lead to more hardship; in fact, the evidence points in the contrary direction. Nor would it be fair to claim that this outcome is entirely due to top-down provisions, and in particular charity. The authors stress the institutional diversity of solutions for hardship, and focus on one particular group in society, the elderly. They demonstrate that the elderly had more “agency” than usually expected and that a combination of institutional arrangements, besides the top-down provisions, in which the elderly participated actively offered more resilience so as to deal with “hardship.”

Balzac: An Artist and an Entrepreneur

Balzac has been widely regarded as one of the greatest storytellers of humanity; his ability to describe an entire universe of characters makes his work a real living system, truly devoted to an ambitious project. At the same time his sparkling and puzzled existence is itself a novel.As such, analyzing some key moments in Balzac's life, from a specific financial standpoint and business perspective, allows us to better understand the genesis of his work: and vice versa.In effect, the main research question of this paper is to identify some key moments in Balzac's life that have affected him from a financial perspective and that have drawn him to a mature and profound knowledge of the social and economic mechanisms, essential for writing his great masterpieces.At the same time, and on the contrary direction, attention will be devoted to some of his novels that have a clear economic and financial plot: as above, they certainly have emerged from the knowledge of the social life in France in the nineteenth century via his daily vicissitudes.

Modelos de espacialidade na obra de Rafael Courtoisie

Resumo: A obra do escritor uruguaio Rafael Courtoisie é tomada como ponto de partida para uma reflexão sobre alguns modelos por meio dos quais a literatura contemporânea exercita o que se pode designar, genericamente, de “espacialidade”. Esse termo não diz respeito ao modo como o texto literário representa espaços extratextuais. Na verdade, atua na direção contrária, tornando viável que, no âmbito da literatura, se problematize o que é entendido como espaço. Os três modelos de espacialidade que abordamos são: a visão, o tato e o movimento. Da obra de Courtoisie, foram selecionados os seguintes livros: Estado sólido (1996), Umbría (1999) e Música para sordos (2002).Palavras-chave: espaço; espacialidade; Rafael Courtoisie; literatura contemporânea; literatura latino-americana.Abstract: The work of the uruguayan writer Rafael Courtoisie is taken as starting point for a reflection on some models by which contemporary literature exercises what we consider to assign, generically, as “spatiality”. This term does not concern to the way that literary text represents extraliterary spaces. Actually, it goes on the contrary direction, making possible that, in the scope of literature, one might deeply question what is understood as space. The three models of spatiality that we approach are: sight, touch and movement. The following books of Courtoisie have been selected: Estado sólido (1996), Umbría (1999) and Música para sordos (2002).Keywords: space; spatiality; Rafael Courtoisie; contemporary literature; Latin American literature.

Numerical Simulation of Welding Sequence Effect on Temperature Distribution, Residual Stresses and Distortions of T-Joint Fillet Welds

Welding sequence is one important factor which affects the residual stresses and distortions produced during welding, thus determines the welding quality and performance. In this paper, 3D numerical simulation of temperature distribution, residual stresses and distortions of the T-joint fillet weld with respect to the variation of welding sequence is presented. The finite element simulation involved thermo-mechanical analyses. Four welding sequences (WS) considered are one direction welding (WS-1), contrary direction welding (WS-2), welding from centre of one side (WS-3) and welding from centres of two sides (WS-4). The simulation results revealed that peak temperature achieved in the welding was greatly affected by the welding sequence and residual stress and angular distortion produced cannot both hold in minimum for a WS. The smallest residual stresses and the smallest angular distortions are related respectively to WS-2 and WS-4. The distributions of temperature, longitudinal and transverse residual stresses as well as angular distortions were also presented.

Experimental Study on Double-Diffusive Convection During Solidification of NH4Cl-H2O Hypereutectic Solution in Cylinder Cavity

In order to reveal the law of double-diffusive convection of multi-compound solution in cylindrical cavity, experimental study on solidification of NH4Cl-H2O hypereutectic solution has been performed by using particle image velocimetry (PIV). The influencing factors of flow patterns and intensity are also analyzed. The results show that: 1) There are two approximately symmetric main convection cells in the liquid which are down along the sidewall and up along the center of the cylindrical cavity. Meanwhile, there are also two secondary cells on the bottom corner of cylindrical cavity, which flow in contrary direction to that of the main ones; 2) Due to the release of water during the solidification process, solute layers and diffusive interface are developed in the liquid and will be disappeared in the end; 3) The cooling temperature and the initial concentration have significantly effects on the flow velocity, solute layers and diffusive interface.

Investigation Into the Use of Ceramic-Honeycomb Rotary Regenerators for Solar Brayton Cycles

It is conceptually possible to expose a third section of a rotary regenerator (in a gas turbine working on a heat-exchanger cycle) to a concentrated flux of solar radiation energy and thereby to supplement or even supplant the heat input from fuel (figure 1). Normally a regenerator in such a cycle has two sections: one in which the hot gases exhausting from the turbine section give up heat to the regenerator matrix, and one in which the air leaving the compressor passes through in the contrary direction, picking up heat from the matrix. The study reported here gives answers to concerns about the depth to which the solar energy would penetrate in a typical ceramic matrix, about the possibility of melting the top layers of the matrix if the solar energy is not aimed accurately, and about the amount of back radiation from the matrix to the environment that can be expected. It is concluded that the safe and efficient collection of solar energy in this way should be feasible.