Trophic host-parasitoid interactions of two Neotropical butterfly species in southeastern Mexico

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raúl Badillo-Montaño ◽  
Guadalupe Amancio ◽  
Armando Falcón-Brindis ◽  
Jorge L. León-Cortés ◽  
Juan Von Thaden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Butterfly Species

scholarly journals Metapopulation Patterns of Iberian Butterflies Revealed by Fuzzy Logic

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 392
Author(s):  
Antonio Pulido-Pastor ◽  
Ana Luz Márquez ◽  
José Carlos Guerrero ◽  
Enrique García-Barros ◽  
Raimundo Real
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Set Theory ◽  
Fuzzy Set Theory ◽  
Metapopulation Dynamics ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Dynamics Analysis ◽  
Metapopulation Structure ◽  
Occurrence Data ◽  
Metapopulation Theory ◽  
The Cost

Metapopulation theory considers that the populations of many species are fragmented into patches connected by the migration of individuals through an interterritorial matrix. We applied fuzzy set theory and environmental favorability (F) functions to reveal the metapopulational structure of the 222 butterfly species in the Iberian Peninsula. We used the sets of contiguous grid cells with high favorability (F ≥ 0.8), to identify the favorable patches for each species. We superimposed the known occurrence data to reveal the occupied and empty favorable patches, as unoccupied patches are functional in a metapopulation dynamics analysis. We analyzed the connectivity between patches of each metapopulation by focusing on the territory of intermediate and low favorability for the species (F < 0.8). The friction that each cell opposes to the passage of individuals was computed as 1-F. We used the r.cost function of QGIS to calculate the cost of reaching each cell from a favorable patch. The inverse of the cost was computed as connectivity. Only 126 species can be considered to have a metapopulation structure. These metapopulation structures are part of the dark biodiversity of butterflies because their identification is not evident from the observation of the occurrence data but was revealed using favorability functions.

scholarly journals Marked Differences in Butterfly Assemblage Composition between Forest Types in Central Amazonia, Brazil

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 942
Author(s):  
Isabela Freitas Oliveira ◽  
Fabricio Beggiato Baccaro ◽  
Fernanda P. Werneck ◽  
Thamara Zacca ◽  
Torbjørn Haugaasen
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
High Water ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Terra Firme ◽  
Central Amazonia ◽  
Forested Areas ◽  
Contrasting Habitats ◽  
Seasonally Flooded

Amazonia comprises a mosaic of contrasting habitats, with wide environmental heterogeneity at local and regional scales. In central Amazonia, upland forest (terra firme) is the predominant forest type and seasonally flooded forests inundated by white- and black-water rivers (várzea and igapó, respectively) represent around 20% of the forested areas. In this work, we took advantage of a natural spatial arrangement of the main vegetation types in central Amazonia to investigate butterfly assemblage structure in terra firme, várzea and igapó forests at the local scale. We sampled in the low- and high-water seasons, combining active and passive sampling with traps placed in both the understory and canopy. Terra firme supported the highest number of butterfly species, whereas várzea forest provided the highest number of butterfly captures. The high species richness in terra firme may reflect that this forest type is floristically richer than várzea and igapó. Várzea is a very productive environment and may thus support a higher number of butterfly individuals than terra firme and igapó. Most butterfly species (80.2%) were unique to a single forest type and 17 can be considered forest type indicator species in this landscape. Floodplain forest environments are therefore an important complement to terra firme in terms of butterfly species richness and conservation in Amazonia.

scholarly journals Evolution of the wave: aerodynamic and aposematic functions of butterfly wing motion

2007 ◽  
Vol 274 (1612) ◽  
pp. 913-917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert B Srygley
Keyword(s):  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Warning Signal ◽  
Colour Pattern ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Wing Beat ◽  
Butterfly Wing ◽  
Motion Cues ◽  
Wing Beat Frequency ◽  
Wing Motion ◽  
Heliconius Cydno

Many unpalatable butterfly species use coloration to signal their distastefulness to birds, but motion cues may also be crucial to ward off predatory attacks. In previous research, captive passion-vine butterflies Heliconius mimetic in colour pattern were also mimetic in motion. Here, I investigate whether wing motion changes with the flight demands of different behaviours. If birds select for wing motion as a warning signal, aposematic butterflies should maintain wing motion independently of behavioural context. Members of one mimicry group ( Heliconius cydno and Heliconius sapho ) beat their wings more slowly and their wing strokes were more asymmetric than their sister-species ( Heliconius melpomene and Heliconius erato , respectively), which were members of another mimicry group having a quick and steady wing motion. Within mimicry groups, wing beat frequency declined as its role in generating lift also declined in different behavioural contexts. In contrast, asymmetry of the stroke was not associated with wing beat frequency or behavioural context—strong indication that birds process and store the Fourier motion energy of butterfly wings. Although direct evidence that birds respond to subtle differences in butterfly wing motion is lacking, birds appear to generalize a motion pattern as much as they encounter members of a mimicry group in different behavioural contexts.

scholarly journals Roles of Spatial Scale and Rarity on the Relationship between Butterfly Species Richness and Human Density in South Africa

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. e0124327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Mecenero ◽  
Res Altwegg ◽  
Jonathan F. Colville ◽  
Colin M. Beale
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Spatial Scale ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Human Density

Countryside Stewardship Scheme and Butterflies: A Study of Plant and Butterfly Species Richness

2006 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 443-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Field ◽  
T. Gardiner ◽  
C. F. Mason ◽  
J. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Butterfly Species

A new euptychiine butterfly species from south Brazil and taxonomic rearrangements for Taydebis Freitas, 2013 and Hermeuptychia Forster, 1964 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5023 (4) ◽  
pp. 555-570
Author(s):  
THAMARA ZACCA ◽  
MIRNA M. CASAGRANDE ◽  
OLAF H. H. MIELKE ◽  
BLANCA HUERTAS ◽  
ANDRÉ V. L. FREITAS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Species Distributions ◽  
Comparative Morphology ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
A New Species ◽  
South Brazil

A new species of Taydebis Freitas, 2003 from south Brazil is described using comparative morphology and species distributions. Also, based on morphology, we transfer Neonympha melobosis Capronnier, 1874 (formerly placed in Paryphthimoides Forster, 1964) to Taydebis, and recognize Euptychia peculiaris Butler, 1874 as its junior synonym (syn. nov.). Furthermore, the monotypic Prenda Freitas & Mielke, 2011 is herein treated as junior synonym of Taydebis based on morphology, molecular and ecological evidence. Species of Taydebis are endemic and restricted to south Brazil, and now comprises three species: Taydebis guria Zacca, Casagrande & Mielke sp. nov., T. melobosis comb. nov. and T. clarissa Freitas & Mielke comb. nov. To continue clarifying Euptychiina taxonomy, Euptychia undulata Butler, 1867 (also formerly placed in Paryphthimoides) is transferred to Hermeuptychia Forster, 1964, and we provide additional information on its taxonomy, morphology, and distribution. Diagnoses, illustrations, and distributional maps are provided for all taxa except T. clarissa comb. nov.  

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