scholarly journals Zolpidem Maintains Memories for Negative Emotions Across a Night of Sleep

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharine C. Simon ◽  
Lauren N. Whitehurst ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Sara C. Mednick
Keyword(s):  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Emotional Memory ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep ◽  
Placebo Condition ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Memory Processing ◽  
Sleep Complaints ◽  
Picture Memory ◽  
Negative Memory

AbstractZolpidem, a common medication for sleep complaints, also shows secondary, unexpected memory benefits. We previously found that zolpidem prior to a nap enhanced negative, highly arousing picture memory. As zolpidem is typically administered at night, how it affects overnight emotional memory processing is relevant. We used a double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-subject, cross-over design to investigate if zolpidem boosted negative compared to neutral picture memory. Subjects learned both pictures sets in the morning. That evening, subjects were administered zolpidem or placebo and slept in the lab. Recognition was tested that evening and the following morning. We found that zolpidem maintained negative picture memory compared to forgetting in the placebo condition. Furthermore, zolpidem increased slow-wave sleep time, decreased rapid eye movement sleep time, and increased the fast spindle range in NREM. Our results suggest that zolpidem may enhance negative memory longevity and salience. These findings raise concerns for zolpidem administration to certain clinical populations.

scholarly journals Tasimelteon safely and effectively improves sleep in Smith–Magenis syndrome: a double-blind randomized trial followed by an open-label extension

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos M. Polymeropoulos ◽  
Justin Brooks ◽  
Emily L. Czeisler ◽  
Michaela A. Fisher ◽  
Mary M. Gibson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Crossover Study ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Open Label Study ◽  
Label Study ◽  
Sleep Complaints ◽  
Open Label Extension

Abstract Purpose To assess the efficacy of tasimelteon to improve sleep in Smith–Magenis syndrome (SMS). Methods A 9-week, double-blind, randomized, two-period crossover study was conducted at four US clinical centers. Genetically confirmed patients with SMS, aged 3 to 39, with sleep complaints participated in the study. Patients were assigned to treatment with tasimelteon or placebo in a 4-week crossover study with a 1-week washout between treatments. Eligible patients participated in an open-label study and were followed for >3 months. Results Improvement of sleep quality (DDSQ50) and total sleep time (DDTST50) on the worst 50% of nights were primary endpoints. Secondary measures included actigraphy and behavioral parameters. Over three years, 52 patients were screened, and 25 patients completed the randomized portion of the study. DDSQ50 significantly improved over placebo (0.4, p = 0.0139), and DDTST50 also improved (18.5 minutes, p = 0.0556). Average sleep quality (0.3, p = 0.0155) and actigraphy-based total sleep time (21.1 minutes, p = 0.0134) improved significantly, consistent with the primary outcomes. Patients treated for ≥90 days in the open-label study showed persistent efficacy. Adverse events were similar between placebo and tasimelteon. Conclusion Tasimelteon safely and effectively improved sleep in SMS.

scholarly journals A Validation Study of a Commercial Wearable Device to Automatically Detect and Estimate Sleep

Biosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Dean J. Miller ◽  
Gregory D. Roach ◽  
Michele Lastella ◽  
Aaron T. Scanlan ◽  
Clint R. Bellenger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Validation Study ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Manual Adjustment ◽  
Light Sleep

The aims of this study were to: (1) compare actigraphy (ACTICAL) and a commercially available sleep wearable (i.e., WHOOP) under two functionalities (i.e., sleep auto-detection (WHOOP-AUTO) and manual adjustment of sleep (WHOOP-MANUAL)) for two-stage categorisation of sleep (sleep or wake) against polysomnography, and; (2) compare WHOOP-AUTO and WHOOP-MANUAL for four-stage categorisation of sleep (wake, light sleep, slow wave sleep (SWS), or rapid eye movement sleep (REM)) against polysomnography. Six healthy adults (male: n = 3; female: n = 3; age: 23.0 ± 2.2 yr) participated in the nine-night protocol. Fifty-four sleeps assessed by ACTICAL, WHOOP-AUTO and WHOOP-MANUAL were compared to polysomnography using difference testing, Bland–Altman comparisons, and 30-s epoch-by-epoch comparisons. Compared to polysomnography, ACTICAL overestimated total sleep time (37.6 min) and underestimated wake (−37.6 min); WHOOP-AUTO underestimated SWS (−15.5 min); and WHOOP-MANUAL underestimated wake (−16.7 min). For ACTICAL, sensitivity for sleep, specificity for wake and overall agreement were 98%, 60% and 89%, respectively. For WHOOP-AUTO, sensitivity for sleep, wake, and agreement for two-stage and four-stage categorisation of sleep were 90%, 60%, 86% and 63%, respectively. For WHOOP-MANUAL, sensitivity for sleep, wake, and agreement for two-stage and four-stage categorisation of sleep were 97%, 45%, 90% and 62%, respectively. WHOOP-AUTO and WHOOP-MANUAL have a similar sensitivity and specificity to actigraphy for two-stage categorisation of sleep and can be used as a practical alternative to polysomnography for two-stage categorisation of sleep and four-stage categorisation of sleep.

scholarly journals Targeted memory reactivation in REM but not SWS selectively reduces arousal responses

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel C. Hutchison ◽  
Stefania Pezzoli ◽  
Maria-Efstratia Tsimpanouli ◽  
Mahmoud E. A. Abdellahi ◽  
Penelope A. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Sleep Stage ◽  
Emotional Memory ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep ◽  
Emotional Experiences ◽  
Memory Reactivation ◽  
Emotional Memories ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Subjective Arousal ◽  
Spontaneous Reactivation

AbstractA growing body of evidence suggests that sleep can help to decouple the memory of emotional experiences from their associated affective charge. This process is thought to rely on the spontaneous reactivation of emotional memories during sleep, though it is still unclear which sleep stage is optimal for such reactivation. We examined this question by explicitly manipulating memory reactivation in both rapid-eye movement sleep (REM) and slow-wave sleep (SWS) using targeted memory reactivation (TMR) and testing the impact of this manipulation on habituation of subjective arousal responses across a night. Our results show that TMR during REM, but not SWS significantly decreased subjective arousal, and this effect is driven by the more negative stimuli. These results support one aspect of the sleep to forget, sleep to remember (SFSR) hypothesis which proposes that emotional memory reactivation during REM sleep underlies sleep-dependent habituation.

scholarly journals Regular Caffeine Intake Delays REM Sleep Promotion and Attenuates Sleep Quality in Healthy Men

2021 ◽  
pp. 074873042110139
Author(s):  
Janine Weibel ◽  
Yu-Shiuan Lin ◽  
Hans-Peter Landolt ◽  
Christian Berthomier ◽  
Marie Brandewinder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Caffeine Intake ◽  
Sleep Regulation ◽  
Caffeine Consumption ◽  
Subjective Sleep Quality ◽  
Placebo Condition ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Sleep Episode

Acute caffeine intake can attenuate homeostatic sleep pressure and worsen sleep quality. Caffeine intake—particularly in high doses and close to bedtime—may also affect circadian-regulated rapid eye movement (REM) sleep promotion, an important determinant of subjective sleep quality. However, it is not known whether such changes persist under chronic caffeine consumption during daytime. Twenty male caffeine consumers (26.4 ± 4 years old, habitual caffeine intake 478.1 ± 102.8 mg/day) participated in a double-blind crossover study. Each volunteer completed a caffeine (3 × 150 mg caffeine daily for 10 days), a withdrawal (3 × 150 mg caffeine for 8 days then placebo), and a placebo condition. After 10 days of controlled intake and a fixed sleep-wake cycle, we recorded electroencephalography for 8 h starting 5 h after habitual bedtime (i.e., start on average at 04:22 h which is around the peak of circadian REM sleep promotion). A 60-min evening nap preceded each sleep episode and reduced high sleep pressure levels. While total sleep time and sleep architecture did not significantly differ between the three conditions, REM sleep latency was longer after daily caffeine intake compared with both placebo and withdrawal. Moreover, the accumulation of REM sleep proportion was delayed, and volunteers reported more difficulties with awakening after sleep and feeling more tired upon wake-up in the caffeine condition compared with placebo. Our data indicate that besides acute intake, also regular daytime caffeine intake affects REM sleep regulation in men, such that it delays circadian REM sleep promotion when compared with placebo. Moreover, the observed caffeine-induced deterioration in the quality of awakening may suggest a potential motive to reinstate caffeine intake after sleep.

Caffeine or melatonin effects on sleep and sleepiness after rapid eastward transmeridian travel

2004 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Beaumont ◽  
D. Batéjat ◽  
C. Piérard ◽  
P. Van Beers ◽  
J. B. Denis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Daytime Sleepiness ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Jet Lag ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep ◽  
Time Zone ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Wrist Actigraphy ◽  
Nighttime Sleep

We measured the effects of slow-release caffeine (SRC) and melatonin (Mlt) on sleep and daytime sleepiness after a seven-time zone eastbound flight. In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study, each of three groups of nine subjects was given either 300 mg SRC on recovery day 1 (D1) to D5 (0800) or 5 mg Mlt on preflight D-1 (1700), flight day D0 (1600), and from D1 to D3 (2300), or placebo (Pbo) at the same times. Nighttime sleep was evaluated by polysomnography and daytime sleepiness from measurements of sleep latencies and continuous wrist actigraphy. Compared with baseline, we found a significant rebound of slow-wave sleep on night 1 (N1) to N2 under Pbo and Mlt and a significant decrease in rapid eye movement sleep on N1 (Pbo) and N1–N3 (Mlt). Sleepiness was objectively increased under Pbo (D1–D6) and Mlt (D1–D3). SRC reduced sleepiness but also tended to affect sleep quality until the last drug day. In conclusion, both drugs have positive effects on some jet lag symptoms after an eastbound flight: SRC on daytime sleepiness, and Mlt on sleep.

Differential effects of hydrocortisone, fluocortolone, and aldosterone on nocturnal sleep in humans

1987 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Born ◽  
A. Zwick ◽  
G. Roth ◽  
G. Fehm-Wolfsdorf ◽  
H. L. Fehm
Keyword(s):  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep ◽  
Nocturnal Sleep ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Corticosteroid Receptors ◽  
Mineralocorticoid Activity ◽  
The Brain

Abstract. Previous experiments have suggested that sleep processes are sensitive to influences of corticosteroids. The present experiment was designed to compare effects of three different corticosteroids on human sleep: fluocortolone (a synthetic pure glucocorticoid), cortisol which possesses glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid activity, and aldosterone (the major mineralocorticoid). Ten male adult subjects were tested in four experimental nights according to a double-blind latinsquare design under conditions of either 1.0 mg of aldosterone, 20 mg of fluocortolone, 80 mg of hydrocortisone, or placebo. Substances were administered orally (fluocortolone, 23.00 h) or infused iv throughout the night (hydrocortisone, aldosterone) starting at 23.00 h. Hydrocortisone and fluocortolone induced a substantial reduction of rapid eye movement sleep. Hydrocortisone increased slow wave sleep activity. No such effect was observed after fluocortolone. Effects on sleep processes of aldosterone, in general, seemed to be neglegible. The results demonstrate differential effects of synthetic glucocorticoid, cortisol, and aldosterone on sleep in humans, which may be attributed to the heterogeneity of corticosteroid receptors in the brain.

scholarly journals Regular caffeine intake attenuates REM sleep promotion and sleep quality in healthy men

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janine Weibel ◽  
Yu-Shiuan Lin ◽  
Hans-Peter Landolt ◽  
Christian Berthomier ◽  
Marie Brandewinder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Caffeine Intake ◽  
Sleep Regulation ◽  
Caffeine Consumption ◽  
Subjective Sleep Quality ◽  
Placebo Condition ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Sleep Episode

AbstractAcute caffeine intake can attenuate homeostatic sleep pressure and worsen sleep quality. Besides, caffeine intake – particularly in high doses and close to bedtime – may also affect circadian-regulated REM sleep promotion, an important determinant of subjective sleep quality. However, it is not known whether such changes persist under chronic caffeine consumption during daytime. Twenty male caffeine consumers (26.4 ± 4 years old, habitual caffeine intake 478.1 ± 102.8 mg/day) participated in a double-blind crossover study. Each volunteer completed a caffeine (3 × 150 mg caffeine daily), a withdrawal (3 × 150 mg caffeine for eight days then placebo), and a placebo condition. After ten days of controlled intake and a fixed sleep-wake cycle, we recorded 8 h of electroencephalography starting 5 h after habitual bedtime (i.e., start on average at 04:22 am which is around the peak of circadian REM sleep promotion). A 60 min evening nap preceded each sleep episode and reduced high sleep pressure levels. While total sleep time and sleep architecture did not significantly differ between the three conditions, REM latency was longer after daily caffeine intake compared to both placebo and withdrawal. Moreover, the accumulation of REM sleep proportion was slower, and volunteers reported more difficulties at awakening after sleep and feeling more tired upon wake-up in the caffeine condition compared to placebo. Our data indicate that besides acute also regular daytime caffeine intake affects REM sleep regulation in men. We have evidence that regular caffeine intake during daytime weakens circadian sleep promotion when compared to placebo. Moreover, the observed caffeine-induced deterioration in the quality of awakening may suggest a potential motive to reinstate caffeine intake after sleep.

Effect on Primary Sleep Disorders When Children With ADHD Are Administered Guanfacine Extended Release

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Rugino
Keyword(s):  
Extended Release ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Time Awake

Objective: To evaluate children with ADHD and sleep problems with polysomnography (PSG) after guanfacine extended-release (GXR) administration. Method: Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study was terminated early due to treatment-emergent concerns after enrolling 29 children aged 6 to 12 years. After >4 weeks dose adjustment and >1 week dose stabilization, 11 children received GXR and 16 controls underwent analyses with PSG. Results: Although GXR improved ADHD symptoms, the primary outcome variable, total sleep time, was shorter in contrast to placebo (−57.32, SD = 89.17 vs. +31.32, SD = 59.54 min, p = .005). Increased time awake after sleep onset per hour of sleep was the primary factor for the reduction. Although rapid eye movement (REM), non-REM, and N3/slow wave sleep times were reduced, these were proportional to the overall sleep reduction. Sedation was common with GXR (73% vs. 6%). Conclusion: Morning-administered GXR resulted in decreased sleep and may contribute to sedation.

scholarly journals 0109 Slow Wave Sleep Time and Its Oscillatory Features Show Opposite Associations with Emotional Memory Consolidation Following Stress

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A43-A43
Author(s):  
D Denis ◽  
S Y Kim ◽  
S M Kark ◽  
R T Daley ◽  
S E Alger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Slow Wave ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Sleep Stage ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Emotional Memory ◽  
Oscillatory Activity ◽  
National Science Foundation Grant ◽  
Stress Group

Abstract Introduction Sleep and stress can both enhance emotional memory consolidation. During slow wave sleep (SWS), oscillatory features such as slow oscillations (SO), sleep spindles (SS), and critically, their coupling, are believed to facilitate consolidation. How they relate to emotional memory consolidation is less clear, and how stress interacts with these oscillations is unknown. Methods In this study, participants either underwent a psychosocial stressor (the Trier Social Stress Task; n = 32) or a control task (n=32). Next, they encoded 150 neutral, negative, and positive images while undergoing fMRI. Participants then spent the night in the lab with polysomnographic recording. The next day they were given a surprise recognition test. Results There was better memory for emotional compared to neutral items in the stress group. Within this group, % of time spent in SWS positively correlated with emotional memory consolidation (r=.37, p=.039). However, SO-SS coupling during SWS was negatively correlated with emotional memory consolidation in the stress group (r=-.47, p=.007). This was driven by participants who showed a high cortisol response following the stressor (cortisol * coupling interaction p=.03) Results were similar when negative and positive items were analyzed separately. No correlations with neutral item memory were found. Conclusion Sleep stage time and sleep oscillatory activity exert different effects on emotional memory following stress, and that SO-SS coupling does not always promote episodic memory consolidation. SO-SS coupling can impair emotional memories when encoded during periods of elevated stress, and accompanying neuromodulators such as cortisol are high. Support National Science Foundation, Grant/Award Number: BXS-1539361

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