scholarly journals Special issue on the Biodiversity and Ecological Functions of Soil Fauna

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-83
Author(s):  
Weixin Zhang ◽  
Shenglei Fu
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fauna ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Ecological Functions

scholarly journals Physiological Responses to Abiotic and Biotic Stress in Forest Trees

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Polle ◽  
Heinz Rennenberg
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Ecological Functions ◽  
Stress Studies

Forests fulfill important ecological functions by sustaining nutrient cycles and providing habitats for a multitude of organisms. They further deliver ecosystem services such as carbon storage, protection from erosion, and wood as an important commodity. Trees have to cope in their environment with a multitude of natural and anthropogenic forms of stress. Resilience and resistance mechanisms to biotic and abiotic stresses are of special importance for long-lived tree species. Since trees exist for many decades or even centuries on the same spot, they have to acclimate their growth and reproduction to constantly changing atmospheric and pedospheric conditions. In this special issue, we invited contributions addressing the physiological responses of forest trees to a wide array of different stress factors. Among the eighteen papers published, seventeen covered drought or salt stress as major environmental cues, highlighting the relevance of this topic in times of climate change. Only one paper studied cold stress [1]. The dominance of drought and salt stress studies underpins the need to understand tree responses to these environmental threats from the molecular to the ecophysiological level. The papers contributing to this Special Issue cover these scientific aspects in different areas of the globe and encompass conifers as well as broadleaf tree species. In addition, two studies deal with bamboo (Phyllostachys sp., [1,2]). Bamboo, although botanically belonging to grasses, was included because its ecological functions and applications are similar to those of trees.

scholarly journals Micromorphological and Chemical Approaches to Understand Changes in Ecological Functions of Metal-Impacted Soils under Various Land Uses

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Acosta ◽  
S. Martinez-Martinez ◽  
A. Faz ◽  
J. M. Van Mourik ◽  
J. M. Arocena
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fauna ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Industrial Site ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Potentially Toxic Metals ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Ecological Functions ◽  
Ecological Functions Of Soils ◽  
Solid Phases ◽  
Mn Oxides

We investigated the changes in faunal activities as measures of the ecological functions of soils impacted by potentially toxic metals (PTMs) under urban, industrial, agricultural, and natural uses. Concentrations and distributions of Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu, Mn, and Fe were estimated by sequential chemical extractions, while relicts and present faunal activities were studied by micromorphological analyses. Urban and natural lands were contaminated with Pb, Cd, and Zn. Microarthropods and fungi are observed to be active in the litter decomposition in natural, agricultural and urban lands which indicates that total concentration of PTMs in soils is not a good indicator to evaluate the limitations of PTMs to fauna activity. Metals immobilization on carbonates and Fe/Mn oxides, and fertilizations reduced the negative effects of metals on faunal activity. Micromorphological analyses showed the impacts of metal on soil ecological functions in industrial site, where the surface soils are devoid of any evidence of faunal activity; likely due to high proportion of Pb and Zn in organic components. Therefore, the impacts of metals in soil fauna activities, hence ecological functions of soils, are best evaluated by the knowledge of metal partitioning on solid phases in combination with observations of fauna activities using micromorphological techniques.

scholarly journals Edaphic fauna and physico-chemical atributes of soil in different phytophysionomies of Cerrado

2022 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
Raimunda A. Silva ◽  
Glécio M. Siqueira
Keyword(s):  
Soil Structure ◽  
Soil Fauna ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Ecological Functions ◽  
Shannon Diversity ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Chemical Attributes ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Physical And Chemical

ABSTRACT The edaphic community comprises several organisms that perform ecological functions in the environment, such as litter fragmentation, nutrient cycling, and modifications of soil structure, in addition to acting as food chain regulators. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the composition of the edaphic fauna and the physical and chemical attributes of soil in different physiognomies of Cerrado in the Parque Estadual do Mirador (PEM). The study was carried out in two Cerrado formations (Sparse Cerrado and Typical Cerrado) in PEM, where 100 pitfall traps were installed. The edaphic organisms were screened and identified in terms of orders, suborders, subfamilies, families, abundance, richness, Shannon diversity, and Pielou’s equitability. A total of 4,149 individuals were collected from two experimental plots. The plot in the Typical Cerrado showed greater taxonomic richness (25 groups) and greater Shannon diversity (H’ = 1.65), while the plot in Sparse Cerrado presented 19 edaphic groups and Shannon diversity equal to H’ = 1.51. The factorial exploration explained 84.43% of the original data from the Sparse Cerrado and 90.84% from the Typical Cerrado. It is concluded that the plot in the Typical Cerrado showed greater differences in terms of richness and abundance due to the more favorable conditions for soil fauna, such as a high content of organic material and greater vegetation cover.

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