Visual Saliency Models Applied to ROI Detection for Brain MR Images: A Critical Appraisal and Future Prospects

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paramveer Kaur Sran ◽  
Savita Gupta ◽  
Sukhwinder Singh
Keyword(s):  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Visual Saliency ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Mr Images ◽  
Brain Mr Images ◽  
Visual Saliency Models

Normal cerebral ventricular volume growth in childhood

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 517-524
Author(s):  
Noah S. Cutler ◽  
Sudharsan Srinivasan ◽  
Bryan L. Aaron ◽  
Sharath Kumar Anand ◽  
Michael S. Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Mri ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Ventricular Volume ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Growth Charts ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
Mr Images ◽  
Ventricular Volumes ◽  
Brain Mr Images

OBJECTIVENormal percentile growth charts for head circumference, length, and weight are well-established tools for clinicians to detect abnormal growth patterns. Currently, no standard exists for evaluating normal size or growth of cerebral ventricular volume. The current standard practice relies on clinical experience for a subjective assessment of cerebral ventricular size to determine whether a patient is outside the normal volume range. An improved definition of normal ventricular volumes would facilitate a more data-driven diagnostic process. The authors sought to develop a growth curve of cerebral ventricular volumes using a large number of normal pediatric brain MR images.METHODSThe authors performed a retrospective analysis of patients aged 0 to 18 years, who were evaluated at their institution between 2009 and 2016 with brain MRI performed for headaches, convulsions, or head injury. Patients were excluded for diagnoses of hydrocephalus, congenital brain malformations, intracranial hemorrhage, meningitis, or intracranial mass lesions established at any time during a 3- to 10-year follow-up. The volume of the cerebral ventricles for each T2-weighted MRI sequence was calculated with a custom semiautomated segmentation program written in MATLAB. Normal percentile curves were calculated using the lambda-mu-sigma smoothing method.RESULTSVentricular volume was calculated for 687 normal brain MR images obtained in 617 different patients. A chart with standardized growth curves was developed from this set of normal ventricular volumes representing the 5th, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, and 95th percentiles. The charted data were binned by age at scan date by 3-month intervals for ages 0–1 year, 6-month intervals for ages 1–3 years, and 12-month intervals for ages 3–18 years. Additional percentile values were calculated for boys only and girls only.CONCLUSIONSThe authors developed centile estimation growth charts of normal 3D ventricular volumes measured on brain MRI for pediatric patients. These charts may serve as a quantitative clinical reference to help discern normal variance from pathologic ventriculomegaly.

scholarly journals Content-Based Estimation of Brain MRI Tilt in Three Orthogonal Directions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pooja Prabhu ◽  
A. K. Karunakar ◽  
Sanjib Sinha ◽  
N. Mariyappa ◽  
G. K. Bhargava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Similarity Measures ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Brain Anatomy ◽  
Morphological Operations ◽  
Mr Images ◽  
Tilt Correction ◽  
Brain Mr Images ◽  
The Brain

AbstractIn a general scenario, the brain images acquired from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may experience tilt, distorting brain MR images. The tilt experienced by the brain MR images may result in misalignment during image registration for medical applications. Manually correcting (or estimating) the tilt on a large scale is time-consuming, expensive, and needs brain anatomy expertise. Thus, there is a need for an automatic way of performing tilt correction in three orthogonal directions (X, Y, Z). The proposed work aims to correct the tilt automatically by measuring the pitch angle, yaw angle, and roll angle in X-axis, Z-axis, and Y-axis, respectively. For correction of the tilt around the Z-axis (pointing to the superior direction), image processing techniques, principal component analysis, and similarity measures are used. Also, for correction of the tilt around the X-axis (pointing to the right direction), morphological operations, and tilt correction around the Y-axis (pointing to the anterior direction), orthogonal regression is used. The proposed approach was applied to adjust the tilt observed in the T1- and T2-weighted MR images. The simulation study with the proposed algorithm yielded an error of 0.40 ± 0.09°, and it outperformed the other existing studies. The tilt angle (in degrees) obtained is ranged from 6.2 ± 3.94, 2.35 ± 2.61, and 5 ± 4.36 in X-, Z-, and Y-directions, respectively, by using the proposed algorithm. The proposed work corrects the tilt more accurately and robustly when compared with existing studies.

A novel evolutionary row class entropy based optimal multi-level thresholding technique for brain MR images

2021 ◽  
Vol 168 ◽  
pp. 114426
Author(s):  
Rutuparna Panda ◽  
Leena Samantaray ◽  
Akankshya Das ◽  
Sanjay Agrawal ◽  
Ajith Abraham
Keyword(s):  
Mr Images ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Brain Mr Images

Automated connectivity-based thresholding segmentation of midsagittal brain MR images

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chulhee Lee ◽  
Michael A. Unser ◽  
Terence A. Ketter
Keyword(s):  
Mr Images ◽  
Brain Mr Images

scholarly journals Multigrid Nonlocal Gaussian Mixture Model for Segmentation of Brain Tissues in Magnetic Resonance Images

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Yunjie Chen ◽  
Tianming Zhan ◽  
Ji Zhang ◽  
Hongyuan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Gaussian Mixture Model ◽  
Mixture Model ◽  
Gaussian Mixture ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Intensity Inhomogeneity ◽  
Mr Images ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Brain Mr Images ◽  
The Impact

We propose a novel segmentation method based on regional and nonlocal information to overcome the impact of image intensity inhomogeneities and noise in human brain magnetic resonance images. With the consideration of the spatial distribution of different tissues in brain images, our method does not need preestimation or precorrection procedures for intensity inhomogeneities and noise. A nonlocal information based Gaussian mixture model (NGMM) is proposed to reduce the effect of noise. To reduce the effect of intensity inhomogeneity, the multigrid nonlocal Gaussian mixture model (MNGMM) is proposed to segment brain MR images in each nonoverlapping multigrid generated by using a new multigrid generation method. Therefore the proposed model can simultaneously overcome the impact of noise and intensity inhomogeneity and automatically classify 2D and 3D MR data into tissues of white matter, gray matter, and cerebral spinal fluid. To maintain the statistical reliability and spatial continuity of the segmentation, a fusion strategy is adopted to integrate the clustering results from different grid. The experiments on synthetic and clinical brain MR images demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed model comparing with several state-of-the-art algorithms.

A DBSCAN based approach for jointly segment and classify brain MR images

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Baselice ◽  
Luigi Coppolino ◽  
Salvatore D'Antonio ◽  
Giampaolo Ferraioli ◽  
Luigi Sgaglione
Keyword(s):  
Mr Images ◽  
Brain Mr Images

LATERAL VENTRICLE TEXTURE ANALYSIS IN ALZHEIMER BRAIN MR IMAGES USING KERNEL DENSITY ESTIMATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-246
Author(s):  
Deboleena Saddhukhan ◽  
◽  
Amrutha Veluppal ◽  
Anandh Kilpattu Ramaniharan ◽  
Ramakrishnan Swaminathan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Density Estimation ◽  
Kernel Density Estimation ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Kernel Density ◽  
Svm Classifier ◽  
Statistical Features ◽  
Mr Images ◽  
Brain Mr Images ◽  
Textural Changes

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is an irreversible, progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting a large population worldwide. Automated diagnosis of AD using Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging-based biomarkers plays a crucial role in disease management. Compositional changes in cerebrospinal fluid due to AD might induce textural variations in Lateral Ventricles (LV) of the brain. In this work, an attempt has been made to differentiate Alzheimer's condition by quantifying the textural changes in LV using Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) technique. Reaction-Diffusion level set method is used to segment the LV from T1-weighted trans-axial brain MR images obtained from a publicly available database. Spatial KDE is used to analyze the local intensity variations within the segmented LV. The optimal kernel function and bandwidth are selected for KDE. The statistical features such as mean, median, standard deviation, variance, kurtosis, skewness and entropy, representing the distribution of KDE values within LV, are evaluated. The extracted KDE-based statistical features show significant discrimination between normal and AD subjects (p<0.01). An accuracy of 86.20% and sensitivity of 96% are obtained using SVM classifier. The results indicate that KDE seems to be a potential tool for analyzing the textural changes in brain, and thus can be clinically relevant for diagnosis of AD.

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