scholarly journals Exploring the Availability and Potential of International Data for Criminological Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-77
Author(s):  
Amy E. Nivette
Keyword(s):  
International Research ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Empirical Knowledge ◽  
High Quality ◽  
The World ◽  
International Data ◽  
International Knowledge ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Cultural Data

AbstractDespite advances in recent decades to internationalize criminology, one major roadblock that is often mentioned is the difficulty in collecting and obtaining high-quality international and cross-cultural data. More than ever, there is a growing amount of international data covering a wide variety of topics relevant to understanding crime. Visible and accessible international data can open up channels for dialogue and collaboration between cultures and regions, as well as opportunities to test, refine, and develop theoretical and empirical knowledge. This paper therefore aims to make the ‘world of data’ out there more visible not only to shed light on the potential for international research and collaboration, but to highlight the growing, rich body of international knowledge that already exists.

scholarly journals Cross-cultural data shows musical scales evolved to maximise imperfect fifths

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Mcbride ◽  
Tsvi Tlusty
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Harmonic Series ◽  
Selection Pressures ◽  
Empirical Distributions ◽  
Efficient Communication ◽  
The World ◽  
Cultural Data ◽  
Musical Scales

Musical scales are used throughout the world, but the question of how they evolved remains open. Some suggest that scales based on the harmonic series are inherently pleasant, while others propose that scales are chosen that are easy to communicate.However, testing these theories has been hindered by the sparseness of empirical evidence. Here, we assimilate data from diverse ethnomusicological sources into a cross-cultural database of scales. We generate populations of scales based on multiple theories and assess their similarity to empirical distributions from the database. Most scales tend to include intervals which are close in size to perfect fifths (“imperfect fifths”), and packing arguments explain the salient features of the distributions. Scales are also preferred if their intervals are compressible, which may facilitate efficient communication and memory of melodies. While scales appear to evolve according to various selection pressures, the simplest, imperfect-fifths packing model best fits the empirical data.

scholarly journals La transferencia internacional de datos de carácter personal

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicente Guasch Portas
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Data Protection ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
The World ◽  
European Union Legislation ◽  
International Data ◽  
Data Transfers ◽  
The Moment ◽  
International Data Transfers ◽  
Shed Light

La normativa de la Unión Europea en el campo de la protección de datos es la más exigente del planeta. En cambio hay países con una regulación poco exigente, o incluso sin regulación de ningún tipo. Estas diferencias pueden conducir a que la protección conseguida en el seno de la Unión se pierda en el momento en que los datos puedan ser localizados en naciones con un nivel inferior o completamente nulo de protección. Para evitarlo se han regulado minuciosamente las transferencias internacionales de datos. En este trabajo se pretende dar luz a algunos de los aspectos menos conocidos de los movimientos internacionales de datos personales. Analizamos un documento fundamental del Grupo de Trabajo del artículo 29 de la Directiva 95/46/CE: el WP 12. Revisamos la competencia de la AEPD en cuanto a la evaluación de los Estados que proporcionan un nivel adecuado de protección. Examinamos la necesidad de cumplir con las disposiciones legales en el caso de transferencia internacional. Por último reflexionamos sobre los cambios previstos en la propuesta de Reglamento comunitario de protección de datos.The European Union legislation in the field of data protection is the most demanding in the world. But there are countries with lax regulation, or no regulation of any kind. These differences may lead to the protection achieved within the Union lost in the moment that the data may be located in countries with a lower level of protection or completely invalid. To avoid this we have carefully regulated international data transfers. This paper aims to shed light on some of the lesser known aspects of international flows of personal data. We analyzed a fundamental document of the Working Group of Article 29 of Directive 95/46/EC: the WP 12. We review the jurisdiction of the AEPD regarding the evaluation of states that provide an adequate level of protection. We examined the need to comply with the laws in the case of international transfer. Finally we reflect on the changes envisaged in the proposed EU regulation on data protection.

scholarly journals IOT IN THE WAKE OF COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol XLVI-4/W5-2021 ◽  
pp. 103-107
Author(s):  
K. Belasri ◽  
T. Mazri
Keyword(s):  
Quality Care ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
World Health ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
High Quality ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract. Healthcare is an imperative portion of life. Tragically, the exceptional outbreak of the 2019 novel coronavirus, named as COVID-19 by the World Health Organization (WHO), has strained the largest part of health systems and the request for resources from hospital packs to specialists and nurses have become extremely high. However, With the rise of the Internet of Things, new services in healthcare will be accessible and existing systems will be coordinated within the IoT system, giving automated medical supervision and efficient medical treatment, it is evident that a solution is necessary and required to promote the health sector in the era of Covid-19 pandemic whereas proceeding to supply a high-quality care to patients. In this article, we shed light on a few of the issues and challenges related to the appropriation of portable contact tracing and monitoring of patients’ arrangements for fighting COVID-19.

Ritual Rewards: A Consideration of Three Recent Approaches to Sunni Purity Law

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Gauvain
Keyword(s):  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Comparative Religion ◽  
Cultural Anthropologist ◽  
Mary Douglas ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Ritual Law ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Cultural Data

AbstractIn an effort to raise interest in the subject of Islam's ritual legal material, I discuss here the strengths and weaknesses of three recent studies of Sunni Islamic purity law (taharah). In light of these studies, I investigate the degree to which theories and models drawn from the fields of anthropology and comparative religion may be said to shed light on Islamic ritual law and practice. As—to varying degrees—each of my selected authors contests the theories of cultural anthropologist Mary Douglas, special attention is paid to her work. My own opinion is that, as long as we proceed cautiously, an awareness of anthropological approaches and cross-cultural data, such as that proposed by Douglas, can be helpful in understanding (the uniqueness of) Islamic ritual law; and that there are wide-ranging benefits for students of Islam, anthropology and comparative religion in doing just this.

High-Quality Global Data Management Framework for Climate: A Collaboration Framework for Assessing, Validating and Sharing Datasets for Climate Monitoring

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Wright ◽  
Christina Lief ◽  
Ge Peng ◽  
Omar Baddour ◽  
Peter Siegmund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Management ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
World Meteorological Organization ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Management Framework ◽  
Climate Indicators ◽  
The World ◽  
International Data ◽  
Global Data

<p>In recognition of the need for data used in climate-related activities to be reliably and transparently managed, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO[1]) Congress adopted a High-Quality Global Data Management Framework for Climate (HQ-GDMFC) at its eighteenth session in June 2019. The HQ-GDMFC enables effective standards-based development and exchange of high-quality climate data.  The scope of the HQ-GDMFC includes all of the Essential Climate Variables under WMO auspices, as described in WMO Resolution 60 (Cg-17).  This includes observational data as well as data derived from climate analysis, reanalysis, predictions and projections.  The framework of collaboration incorporates the National Meteorological and Hydrological Services’ Data Management units, Regional Climate Centers, international data centers, climate research bodies, certain Government agencies, academia and any other institution dealing with climate data archival, management, analysis and exchange. An International Expert Group on Climate Data Modernization (IEG-CDM<sup>2</sup>) was established in 2018<sup>3</sup>, involving subject matter experts from several WMO programs and international data centers to guide the development of practical tools required for assessing data maturity for climate purposes.</p><p>We present here the structure, elements and associated guidance and tools of the HQ-GDFMC. The essential components are: (1) The standards and recommended best practices for climate data management and stewardship are encapsulated in a <strong>regulatory manual called the Manual on HQ-GDMFC</strong> (WMO-No 1238). (2) A <strong>guidance booklet provides guidance on maturity assessment of climate datasets</strong> that contribute to the computation and analysis of climate indicators supporting climate policy-relevant information. (3) <strong>A climate data catalogue</strong> in support of climate change monitoring has been established, with the aim of providing a living list of datasets, with a primary focus on climate indicators. It is recommended that the maturity of such datasets be assessed; a maturity rating provides users with information on the level of maturity in documentation, archival, access, data quality assurance, data integrity and more, for each of the datasets.</p><div><br><div> <p>[1] The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) is a United Nations’ specialized agency in the field of weather, water and climate. As part of its activities, WMO fosters international collaboration to develop technical guidance and standards for the collection, processing, and management of data and forecast products.</p> <p> </p> <p><sup>2</sup> The International Expert Group on Climate Data Modernization (IEG-CDM) is an Ad-Hoc group run with the support of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO).</p> <p> </p> <p><sup>3</sup> The participants of the 2018 workshop implicitly formed the membership of the Ad-Hoc IEG-CDM team. (Reference report)</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> </div> </div>

scholarly journals Differences in color categorization manifested by males and females: a quantitative World Color Survey study

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole A. Fider ◽  
Natalia L. Komarova
Keyword(s):  
Color Perception ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Color Preferences ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The World ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Color Categorization ◽  
Categorization Scheme ◽  
Cultural Data

Abstract Gender-related differences in human color preferences, color perception, and color lexicon have been reported in the literature over several decades. This work focuses on the way the two genders categorize color stimuli. Using the cross-cultural data from the World Color Survey (WCS) and rigorous mathematical methodology, a function is constructed, which measures the differences in color categorization systems manifested by men and women. A significant number of cases are identified, where men and women exhibit markedly disparate behavior. Interestingly, of the regions in the Munsell color array, the green-blue (“grue”) region appears to be associated with the largest group of categorization differences, with females revealing a more differentiated color categorization pattern compared to males. More precisely, in those cases, females tend to use separate green and/or blue categories, while males predominantly use the grue category. In general, the cases singled out by our method warrant a closer study, as they may indicate a transitional categorization scheme.

Why Lexical Loss and Culture Death Endanger Science

2018 ◽  
pp. 760-782
Author(s):  
Ian Mackenzie ◽  
Wade Davis
Keyword(s):  
Human Cognition ◽  
Language Faculty ◽  
Loss Of Information ◽  
The World ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Cultural Data ◽  
The Way

Contemporary linguistics, preoccupied with syntax, has neglected the lexicon. Yet languages in general may diverge more fundamentally in respect to the lexicon than they do on the level of syntax. Such lexical divergences may result in real differences in the way distinct human groups think. When lexicosemantic divergence between two languages leads to a situation where a concept expressed in one language cannot be translated into another, we have a case of absolute untranslatability. Speakers of the two languages necessarily conceive the world in different ways. A new corpus of data collected from the Penan nomads of Borneo provides instances of absolute untranslatability between their language and English. The extinction of languages like Penan is a tragedy for science: not only are their lexicons the repositories of enormous amounts of cultural data, but their dissolution results in the loss of information that may shed light on the nature of the language faculty and human cognition in general.

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