Serum concentrations of penicillin G in man following intramuscular injection in aqueous solution and in peanut oil-beeswax suspension

Table I summarizes most of the pertinent data in this report on the serum penicillin concentrations 12 and 24 hours after intramuscular injection of K penicillin G in peanut oil and beeswax, which is fluid at room temperature, and of three different procaine penicillin preparations. These three preparations are procaine penicillin G in sesame oil, procaine penicillin G in peanut oil with 2% aluminum monostearate, and procaine penicillin G in water with Na-carboxymethylcellulose. When they were given in a dosage of 8000 u./lb. to infants and children, weighing between 4.5 and 18.0 kg., there was no statistically significant difference in the serum levels obtained. A dosage schedule for these preparations is suggested for pediatric use. The aqueous preparation offers some advantages which are discussed. Experiences are reported which emphasize the necessity of avoiding intravenous administration of all these preparations.

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THE SERUM CONCENTRATION OF PENICILLIN G IN MICE, RABBITS, AND MEN AFTER ITS INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTION IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION

Journal of Bacteriology ◽

10.1128/jb.57.1.119-126.1949 ◽

1949 ◽

Vol 57 (1) ◽

pp. 119-126 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Harry Eagle ◽

Ralph Fleischman ◽

A. D. Musselman

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Serum Concentration ◽

Intramuscular Injection ◽

Penicillin G

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Tissue Damage Caused by the Intramuscular Injection of Long-Acting Penicillin

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.75.4.741 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 75 (4) ◽

pp. 741-744

Author(s):

Harry Schanzer ◽

Julius H. Jacobson

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Femoral Artery ◽

Normal Saline ◽

Tissue Damage ◽

Intramuscular Injection ◽

Penicillin G ◽

Left Femoral Artery ◽

New Zealand White Rabbits ◽

Long Acting ◽

The Right

In order to elucidate whether tissue damage produced on occasion by intramuscular injection of longacting penicillin is due to accidental intra-arterial injection or vasospasm, two types of experiments were carried out in rabbits. In the first set of experiments, six New Zealand White rabbits were given intra-arterial injections of 0.4 mL of a mixture containing 300,000 U of penicillin G benzathine and 300,000 units of penicillin procaine per milliliter (Bicillin C-R) into the left femoral artery and 0.4 mL of normal saline into the right femoral artery as autocontrol. In a second set of experiments, 0.4 mL of the same penicillin preparation was injected in the space surrounding the left femoral artery in five New Zealand rabbits, and 0.4 mL of normal saline was injected in a similar fashion around the right femotal artery as control. The legs of the rabbits that received the intra-arterial injection of penicillin invariably developed ischemic manifestations. None of the legs of rabbits given intra-arterial injections of normal saline had pathologic manifestations. None of the rabbits that received the periarterial penicillin preparation or normal saline developed abnormalities. These results strongly suggest that the tissue damage produced by penicillin is secondary to the intra-arterial administration of the drug.

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Reverse Micelle Liquid-Liquid Extraction of a Pharmaceutical Product

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.545.240 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 545 ◽

pp. 240-244 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Siti Hamidah Mohd-Setapar ◽

Siti Norazimah Mohamad-Aziz ◽

N.H. Harun ◽

S.H. Hussin

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Aqueous Phase ◽

Reverse Micelle ◽

Surfactant Concentration ◽

Protein Extraction ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Pharmaceutical Product ◽

Penicillin G ◽

Reverse Micelle Extraction

Reverse micelle extraction has received considerable attention in recent years due to its ability to selectively solubilise solutes from an aqueous phase, and in the case of biomolecules to maintain their biological activities. The apparent success of research on protein extraction from the aqueous phase using reverse micelle provides motivation to study the solubilisation of antibiotic. The objective of this study is to investigate the extraction of antibiotic (penicillin G is chosen as model antibiotic) from aqueous solution (forward extraction) and from the reverse micelle to a new aqueous solution (backward extraction). Sodium di(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate (AOT) is chosen as the surfactant and isooctane as the organic solvent. The UV-Vis spectrophotometer is used to determine the mass of penicillin G in solution after the extraction process. The extraction is expected to be influenced by the initial penicillin G concentration, the salt type and concentration in the aqueous phase, pH, and surfactant concentration. It is expected that as penicillin is an interfacially active compound that will interacts with AOT surfactant, the interfacial association will be dependent on both pH and surfactant concentration.

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Rheumatic Fever Article Questioned

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.74.6.1133a ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 74 (6) ◽

pp. 1133-1134

Author(s):

SYLVIA P. GRIFFITHS

Keyword(s):

Rheumatic Fever ◽

Intramuscular Injection ◽

Group A Streptococcus ◽

Penicillin G ◽

Benzathine Penicillin ◽

Benzathine Penicillin G ◽

Group A

To the Editor.— The suggestion of Nordin1 that there may be a need to re-evaluate the current recommended prophylaxis for children with rheumatic fever is valid, particularly if carefully planned and controlled studies could be carried out. However, the author's contention that "It has been assumed that the levels of penicillin [following monthly intramuscular injection of 1.2 million units of benzathine penicillin G] are adequate to prevent reinfection with group A streptococcus, and hence to prevent recurrences of rheumatic fever" has always been qualified by others.

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