Tissue Damage Caused by the Intramuscular Injection of Long-Acting Penicillin

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 741-744
Author(s):  
Harry Schanzer ◽  
Julius H. Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Left Femoral Artery ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
The Right

In order to elucidate whether tissue damage produced on occasion by intramuscular injection of longacting penicillin is due to accidental intra-arterial injection or vasospasm, two types of experiments were carried out in rabbits. In the first set of experiments, six New Zealand White rabbits were given intra-arterial injections of 0.4 mL of a mixture containing 300,000 U of penicillin G benzathine and 300,000 units of penicillin procaine per milliliter (Bicillin C-R) into the left femoral artery and 0.4 mL of normal saline into the right femoral artery as autocontrol. In a second set of experiments, 0.4 mL of the same penicillin preparation was injected in the space surrounding the left femoral artery in five New Zealand rabbits, and 0.4 mL of normal saline was injected in a similar fashion around the right femotal artery as control. The legs of the rabbits that received the intra-arterial injection of penicillin invariably developed ischemic manifestations. None of the legs of rabbits given intra-arterial injections of normal saline had pathologic manifestations. None of the rabbits that received the periarterial penicillin preparation or normal saline developed abnormalities. These results strongly suggest that the tissue damage produced by penicillin is secondary to the intra-arterial administration of the drug.

Comparative Arterial Antithrombotic Activity of Clopidogrel and Acetyl Salicylic Acid in the Pig

1992 ◽  
Vol 68 (05) ◽  
pp. 500-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ch M Samama ◽  
Ph Bonnin ◽  
M Bonneau ◽  
G Pignaud ◽  
E Mazoyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Bleeding Time ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Flow Reduction ◽  
Cyclic Flow ◽  
Left Femoral Artery ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Right ◽  
Induced Aggregation

SummaryWe investigated the comparative antithrombotic properties of clopidogrel, an analogue of ticlopidine, and aspirin, using the Folts' model on femoral arteries in 22 pigs. On each animal, clopidogrel or aspirin were used to treat the thrombotic process on the left femoral artery and to prevent this process on the right femoral artery. Sequentially: an injury and stenosis were carried out on the left femoral artery; the thrombotic process was monitored with a Doppler during a 30-min observation period for cyclic flow reductions or permanent cessation of flow; after the first cyclic flow reduction occurred, clopidogrel (5 mg kg-1) or aspirin (2.5, 5, 100 mg kg-1) were injected intravenously; if cyclic flow reductions were abolished, epinephrine (0.4 µg kg-1 min-1) was injected to try to restore cyclic flow reductions and/or permanent cessation of flow; then injury and stenosis were applied on the right femoral artery. Before and after injection of clopidogrel or aspirin, ear immersion bleeding times and ex-vivo platelet aggregation were performed. Clopidogrel (n = 7) abolished cyclic flow reductions in all animals and epinephrine did not restore any cyclic flow reduction. On the right femoral artery, cyclic flow reductions were efficiently prevented, even for two injuries. Basal bleeding time (5 min 28) was lengthened (>15 min, 30 min after clopidogrel and remained prolonged even after 24 h). ADP-induced platelet aggregation was inhibited (more than 78%). Comparatively, aspirin had a moderate and no dose-dependent effect. Aspirin 2.5 mg kg-1 (n = 6) abolished cyclic flow reductions in 2 animals, CFR reoccurred spontaneously in one animal and epinephrine restored it in a second animal. Aspirin 5 mg kg-1 (n = 6) abolished cyclic flow reductions in only 3 animals and epinephrine always restored it. Aspirin 100 mg kg-1 (n = 3) was unable to abolish cyclic flow reductions. On the right femoral artery, aspirin did not significantly prevent cyclic flow reductions which occurred in all animals after one (n = 14) or two injuries (n = 1), except for one animal. Basal bleeding time was lengthened but it shortened rapidly, reaching its basal value after 24 h. ADP-induced aggregation was not significantly inhibited, whereas arachidonic acid induced aggregation was always inhibited. Clopidogrel appears as a more potent antithrombotic drug than aspirin in this model, in treating and preventing spontaneous or epinephrine-induced cyclic flow reductions and lengthening bleeding time.

scholarly journals Small vessels study using a radiopaque dye

2002 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 05-08
Author(s):  
Fábio Richieri Hanania ◽  
Maurício Masasi Iamaguchi ◽  
Marcelo Rosa de Rezende
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Aorta ◽  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Vascular Anatomy ◽  
Radiographic Study ◽  
Small Vessels ◽  
Left Femoral Artery ◽  
The Right ◽  
Pioneer Research ◽  
Do So

The purpose of our research consists of studying a new dye which, besides allowing the macroscopic study of small vessels <FONT FACE=Symbol>¾</FONT> following the pioneer research of Salmon(3) <FONT FACE=Symbol>¾</FONT>, permits the radiographic study due to its radiopacity. To do so, ten rats were utilized and their abdominal aorta was catheterized for the injection of the dye towards the periphery, being the flow of the dye observed along the left femoral artery (the right one was cauterized for occlusion). The results of this injection revealed that the dye penetrates well in extremely small vessels and allows dissection without extravasations. Thus, we believe that this dye has the necessary requirements for the study of details of the vascular anatomy.

scholarly journals Histological Effects of Intravitreal Injection of Antifungal Agents in New Zealand White Rabbits: An Electron Microscopic and Immunohistochemical Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 267
Author(s):  
Sofia Karachrysafi ◽  
Antonia Sioga ◽  
Anastasia Komnenou ◽  
Athanasios Karamitsos ◽  
Maria Xioteli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Intravitreal Injection ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Group V ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
The Right

Fungal endophthalmitis is a serious and vision-threatening infection which requires an immediate and effective treatment approach. Our research aims to elucidate the histological effects of the intravitreal injection of the maximum safe dosage of voriconazole and micafungin on retina. Six albino New Zealand White Rabbits were used. In experimental animals, a solution of voriconazole (Group V) or micafungin (Group M) was intravitreally injected in the right eye, while in control animals, balanced salt solution was intravitreally injected in the left eye (Group C). Euthanasia was performed ten days post injection and the retina was removed and prepared for histological examination with a light and electron microscope. Eosin-hematoxylin staining did not reveal any pathological changes in any of the samples examined. The immunohistochemical staining for Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-a) marker was detected as negative in all samples, while Interleukin 6 (IL-6) marker was detected as mild only in the group injected with voriconazole. Electron microscopy revealed several ultrastructural alterations in retinal layers in both groups of experimental animals. Histological retinal lesions, revealed with electron microscopy in the present investigation, raises the question of the safe usage of these antifungal agents in the treatment of fungal intraocular infections in the future.

Arterial Grafting with the Telescoping Anastomotic Technique for Arterial Defects

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. SAITOH ◽  
Y. NAKATSUCHI
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Patency Rate ◽  
Arterial Graft ◽  
Anastomotic Technique ◽  
Vein Grafts ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Left Femoral Artery ◽  
Arterial Grafting ◽  
Time Required ◽  
The Right

An arterial graft was taken from the left femoral artery of the rat and grafted into the right femoral artery using the telescoping anastomotic technique at both the proximal and distal anastomoses to compare the patency rate with that of the vein grafts interposed into the arterial defect with the same telescoping technique. The time required for each anastomosis was about 10 minutes and all of the 31 grafts remained patent without application of xylocaine, yielding a higher patency rate than the vein grafts interposed in an arterial defect. The telescoping technique proved to be so dependable that it could be used at least twice in an artery. Inserting one vessel stump into another using the telescoping technique may not itself be responsible for the failure of vein grafts interposed in an arterial defect, but distortion of the slack venous wall of the graft by high arterial blood pressure is.

scholarly journals Alterations in Endothelin Receptors Following Hemorrhage and Resuscitation by Centhaquin

2018 ◽  
pp. S199-S214
Author(s):  
S. BRIYAL ◽  
R. GANDHAKWALA ◽  
M. KHAN ◽  
M. S. LAVHALE ◽  
A. GULATI
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Renal Medulla ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Left Femoral Artery ◽  
Etb Receptor ◽  
The Right ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Pressure Catheter

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) acts on ETA and ETB receptors and has been implicated in hemorrhagic shock (shock). We determined effect of shock and resuscitation by hypertonic saline (saline) or centhaquin on ETA and ETB receptor expression. Rats were anesthetized, a pressure catheter was placed in the left femoral artery; blood was withdrawn from the right femoral artery to bring mean arterial pressure (MAP) to 35 mm Hg for 30 min, resuscitation was performed and 90 min later sacrificed to collect samples for biochemical estimations. Resuscitation with centhaquin decreased blood lactate and increased MAP. Protein levels of ETA or ETB receptor were unaltered in the brain, heart, lung and liver following shock or resuscitation. In the abdominal aorta, shock produced an increase (140 %) in ETA expression which was attenuated by saline and centhaquin; ETB expression was unaltered following shock but was increased (79 %) by centhaquin. In renal medulla, ETA expression was unaltered following shock, but was decreased (-61 %) by centhaquin; shock produced a decrease (-34 %) in ETB expression which was completely attenuated by centhaquin and not saline. Shock induced changes in ETA and ETB receptors in the aorta and renal medulla are reversed by centhaquin and may be contributing to its efficacy.

scholarly journals May titanium spiral tacks contribute to intra-abdominal adhesion formation?

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 430-432
Author(s):  
Alberto Goldenberg ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Rivas ◽  
Gustavo Schvartsman
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Adhesion Formation ◽  
Abdominal Adhesion ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
The Right

PURPOSE: To verify if titanium spiral tacks may contribute to intra-abdominal adhesion formation in rabbits. METHODS: Ten New Zealand white rabbits were used. Through videolaparoscopic surgery two titanium spiral tacks (ProTack®, Covidien®) were applied in the right flank. After 30 days the animals were submitted to evaluate peritoneal cavity by videolaparoscopy. RESULTS: No adhesion was found where the titanium spiral tacks were placed. CONCLUSION: Titanium spiral tacks for fixation do not cause adhesions in rabbits.

scholarly journals Pathogenicity of Mycoplasma bovis isolates from some states in Nigeria inoculated intramammarily into lactating New Zealand white rabbits

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 80-83
Author(s):  
E.A. Amosun ◽  
B.O. Emikpe
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Mycoplasma Bovis ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Histological Findings ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
The Right ◽  
Ibadan Nigeria

The focus of this study was to test the pathogenicity of Mycoplasma bovis isolated from cases of clinical mastitis in cattle in some states of Nigeria. Pathogenicity study of Mycoplasma bovis was carried out using five New Zealand White lactating rabbits, obtained from a local breeder in Ibadan, Nigeria. The left mammary glands of each rabbit were inoculated intracisternally with 1ml of 2.4 x 105 cfu/ml of Mycoplasma bovis obtained from cases of clinical mastitis in Nigeria. The right mammary glands served as control and received 1 ml of sterile Tryptose Soy broth each. The clinical signs, post-mortem and histological findings were recorded. Clinically, the rabbits were weak and anorexic with mortalities. Grossly, lesions were observed in the spleens, lungs and the ovaries, while the mammary glands were atrophied. This clearly showed the septicaemic nature of the Mycoplasma bovis isolated from the clinical mastitis cases hence proper hygienic practices should be implemented during milking for public health reasons.

A novel augmented venous-drainage model of cardiopulmonary bypass for deep hypothermic circulatory arrest without blood priming

Perfusion ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Jiang ◽  
Tianxiang Gu ◽  
Yu Liu ◽  
Chun Wang ◽  
Enyi Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Circulatory Arrest ◽  
Venous Drainage ◽  
Deep Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest ◽  
Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Left Femoral Artery ◽  
The Right

Objective: Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) are commonly used in cardiac surgery. However, the mortality and morbidity are still high in practice. Developing novel protective stategies and elucidating the underlying mechanisms for the pathophysiological consequences of DHCA have been hampered because of the absence of a satisfactory recovery animal model. The aim of this study was to establish a novel and safe DHCA model without blood priming in rats to study the pathophysiology of potential complications. Methods: Ten adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (age, 14-16 weeks; weight, 200-300g) were used. The entire CPB circuit consisted of a modified reservoir, a custom-designed small-volume membrane oxygenator, a roller pump and a home-made heat exchanger, all of which were connected via silicon tubing. The volume of the priming solution was less than 10 ml. The right jugular vein, right carotid artery and left femoral artery were cannulated. The blood was drained from the right atrium through the right jugular vein and fed back to the rat via the left femoral artery. CPB was commenced at a full flow rate. The animals were cooled to a pericranial temperature of 18°C and then subjected to 45 minutes of DHCA with global ischemia. Circulatory arrest was followed by rewarming and over 60 minutes of reperfusion. CPB was terminated carefully. Blood in the circuit was centrifuged and slowly transfused to achieve optimal hematocrit. Blood gas and hemodynamic parameters were recorded at each time point before CPB, during CPB and after CPB. Results: All CPB and DHCA processes were achieved successfully. No rat died in our research. Blood gas analyses at different times were normal. Cardiac function and blood pressure were stable after the operation. The vital signs of all the rats were stable. Conclusion: The novel augmented venous-drainage CPB and DHCA model in rats could be established successfully without blood priming.

scholarly journals A successful retrieval of stripped outer coating of J-tip diagnostic guidewire from the left popliteal artery during elective coronary angiography

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 969-971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miodrag Damjanovic ◽  
Sonja Salinger-Martinovic ◽  
Danijela Djordjevic-Radojkovic ◽  
Goran Koracevic ◽  
Vladimir Miloradovic
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Angiography ◽  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Popliteal Artery ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Common Femoral Artery ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Left Femoral Artery ◽  
The Right ◽  
Diagnostic Catheter ◽  
Outer Coating

Introduction. Entrapment and fracture of diagnostic or therapeutic devices within the coronary circulatory system are a rare, but increasing problem. Case report. A 70-yearold man was admitted in our clinic for coronary angiography before the planned aortic valve replacement. An arterial sheath was inserted in the right common femoral artery. After introducing a J-tip diagnostic coronary guidewire into the aorta and advancing a left Judkins diagnostic catheter over it, suddenly occured peeling off of the wire?s hydrophilic coating at the aortic arch level. Very soon, this outer coating of guidewire carried by the blood stream was entered into the left femoral artery, then into the left popliteal artery. This stripped part of guidewire was successfully caught and extracted out by using a goose-neck snare catheter. Conclusion. A sudden stripping of outer coating of a J-tip diagnostic hydrophilic coronary guidewire during coronary angiography is possible to manage quickly and successfully by the use of a simple cathether.

scholarly journals Comparison of Biocompatibility and Biodegradability of Poly(Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid) (Plga) Combined with Autologous Fibrin Versus Plga for Intra-Articular Screw Fixation; An Invivo Study with New Zealand White Rabbits- The Microradiograph Outcome

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Theenesh Balakrishnan ◽  
Ahmad Hafiz Zulkifli ◽  
Munirah Sha'ban ◽  
Nurul Hafiza Mohd Jan ◽  
Mohd Zulfadzli Ibrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Biodegradable Polymers ◽  
Screw Fixation ◽  
Left Knee ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Quantitative Integration ◽  
The Right

Introduction: The great potential of biodegradable polymers in orthopaedic surgery is gradually being recognized. PLGA is one of the common polymers used. However, long term outcomes, with regards to PLGA, are still not well documented. Hence, we attempted to study the outcome of PLGA and also its combination with fibrin. Materials and method: Objectives : 1) To compare biocompatibility and biodegradability of polymer (PLGA + fibrin) with PLGA for intra-articular screw fixation 2) to study the imaging microradiograph) features. We used fabricated PLGA scaffolds in combination with autologous fibrin for an in-vivo prospective research. Total of nine New Zealand White Rabbits (NZWR) were operated and the scaffolds were placed at both medial and lateral femoral condyles of the right knee and those with fibrin at the left knee. Post implantation, evaluation was done at 6,12 and 24 weeks (three NZWR in each group). For microradiological assessment, micro CT (Skyscan 1176) was used. Results: The combination of PLGA and fibrin has better biocompatibility, showed faster biodegradation and more quantitative integration of osseous tissues. Conclusion: Biodegradable polymer PLGA with incorporation of fibrin resulted in superior outcome compared to usage of other current biodegradable polymers.

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