Maternal glucose response to a standardized test meal throughout pregnancy and postnatally

In animal studies, the whole-body glucose disposal effect of insulin is low in the fasted state or after atropine infusion, but doubles after a meal, consistent with the hepatic insulin-sensitizing substance (HISS) hypothesis. We tested how a standardized test meal and atropine affected the dynamic response to insulin in humans. Insulin sensitivity was assessed in healthy male subjects (aged 28.9 ± 1.9 years, body mass index 23.3 ± 0.8 kg·m–2) by using the rapid insulin sensitivity test (RIST), which is a transient euglycemic clamp. After a 24-hour fasting period, dynamic insulin sensitivity was assessed and then repeated 100 min after the test meal. In a second protocol, the volunteers were fed the standardized test meal and intravenous atropine (0.5 mg) or saline (control group) was administered 50 min before insulin sensitivity assessment. Insulin sensitivity increased in the fed state (232.1% ± 46.3%, n = 7) in comparison with the 24-hour fasted state. In the atropine protocol, the drug partially blocked (56.5% ± 11.6%, n = 6) insulin sensitivity. In humans, feeding resulted in increased insulin sensitivity. The low dose of atropine in humans lead to a partial HISS-dependent decrease in insulin sensitivity. Meal-induced insulin sensitization occured in humans by a similar mechanism as that reported in other species. The sensitization process was regulated by a cholinergic ‘feeding signal.’

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193: Maternal glucose response to betamethasone administration

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.1016/j.ajog.2011.10.211 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 206 (1) ◽

pp. S98

Author(s):

Elizabeth Langen ◽

Jessica Lewis ◽

Joyce Sung ◽

Mark Taslimi ◽

James Byrne ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glucose Response ◽

Maternal Glucose

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The acute effects of four protein meals on insulin, glucose, appetite and energy intake in lean men

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114510001911 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 104 (8) ◽

pp. 1241-1248 ◽

Cited By ~ 112

Author(s):

Sebely Pal ◽

Vanessa Ellis

Keyword(s):

Energy Intake ◽

Test Meal ◽

Insulin Response ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

Strong Relationship ◽

Postprandial Glucose ◽

Reduce Food Intake ◽

Glucose Response ◽

Protein Meal ◽

Ad Libitum

Different dietary proteins vary in their ability to influence satiety and reduce food intake. The present study compared the effects of four protein meals, whey, tuna, turkey and egg albumin, on postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations as well as on appetite measures and energy intake in twenty-two lean, healthy men. This was a randomised, cross-over design study where participants consumed four liquid test meals on separate occasions followed by the collection of regular blood samples (fasting, +30, 60, 90, 120, 180 and 240 min). They were then offered a buffet meal 4 h later. The blood glucose response after the consumption of the test meal, as an incremental area under the curve (AUC), was significantly lower with the whey meal than with the turkey (P < 0·023) and egg (P < 0·001) meals, but it was not lower than with the tuna meal (P < 0·34). The AUC blood insulin after the consumption of the test meal was significantly higher with the whey meal than with the tuna, turkey and egg meals (all P < 0·001). The AUC rating of hunger was significantly lower with the whey meal than with the tuna (P < 0·033), turkey (P < 0·001) and egg (P < 0·001) meals. Mean energy intake at the ad libitum meal was significantly lower (P < 0·001) with the whey meal than with the tuna, egg and turkey meals. There was a strong relationship between self-rated appetite, postprandial insulin response and energy intake at lunch. Whey protein meal produced a greater insulin response, reduced appetite and decreased ad libitum energy intake at a subsequent meal compared with the other protein meals, indicating a potential for appetite suppression and weight loss in overweight or obese individuals.

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