Comparisons of lipid dynamics and packing in fully interdigitated monoarachidoylphosphatidylcholine and non-interdigitated dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine bilayers: cross polarization/magic angle spinning 13+C-NMR studies

1990 ◽  
Vol 1026 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-guey Wu ◽  
Lang-Ming Chi
1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 227-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Benke ◽  
A. R. Mermut ◽  
B. Chatson

The application of a sugarcane distillery waste known as vinasse to agricultural land has become a common practice in Brazil. The vinasse samples used in this study were collected from several sugarcane distilleries in Northeastern Brazil. These samples were fractionated into dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and particulate organic carbon (POC) fractions. Unfractionated and fractionated vinasse were studied using 13C cross-polarization and magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (CP/MAS NMR) spectroscopy as well as diffuse reflectance Fourier-transform infrared (DR-FTIR) spectroscopy. Approximately 79 to 92% of the total unfractionated vinasse dry matter was in the form of DOC fraction. O-alkyl C (42–53% of the total C) and carboxyl C (12–25% of the total C) comprised a significant portion of the 13C NMR spectra of the DOC fraction. The presence of carbohydrates and COOH/COO− was suggested by the DR-FTIR as well. Both 13C NMR and DR-FTIR spectra of this fraction were generally similar to the spectra of the fulvic acid (FA) fraction of soil and sewage sludge. The spectra of DOC differed from the FA fraction in that they showed smaller amounts of aromatic C and had an absence of amide group (bands at 1650 cm−1 and 1540 cm−1). In the POC fraction, O-alkyl (17–52% of the total C) and alkyl C (15–41% of the total C) were the major contributors. The peaks at 62 ppm, 72 ppm, 84 ppm and 105 ppm in the O-alkyl region indicate the presence of cellulose and/or hemicellulose. The alkyl group was comprised mainly of long-chain structures. The total N content in this fraction is ~3–7 times as much as in the DOC fraction. The presence of amino acids in the POC fraction was suggested by both 13C NMR and DR-FTIR spectra. Key words:13C cross-polarization and magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance, dissolved organic carbon, Fourier-transform infrared, particulate organic carbon, vinasse


1990 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 927-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin K. Harris ◽  
Alan M. Kenwright ◽  
Barry J. Say ◽  
Race R. Yeung ◽  
Richard A. Fletton ◽  
...  

1980 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.T.P Cheung ◽  
L.E Worthington ◽  
P.Dubois Murphy ◽  
B.C Gerstein

1983 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 598-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary E. Maciel ◽  
Nikolaus M. Szeverenyi ◽  
Thomas A. Early ◽  
George E. Myers

1983 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 1669-1672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Bryson ◽  
Galen R. Hatfield ◽  
Thomas A. Early ◽  
Allen R. Palmer ◽  
Gary E. Maciel

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 1183-1188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kock-Yee Law ◽  
Ihor W. Tarnawskyj ◽  
Samuel Kaplan

The azotization of 1,4-diaminoanthraquinone (1) by n-amyl nitrite in glacial acetic was reinvestigated. The structure of a red-brown precipitate, which was previously identified as anthraquinone-1,4-tetrazonium dichloride (3) by Schaarschmidt, was found to be incorrect. In this work, we have identified the red-brown solid as 4-aminoanthraquinone-1-diazonium chloride (2), a diazotized product of 1. The yield of 2 was 80%. The tetrazonium dichloride 3 was actually formed in minute quantity and is soluble in acetic acid. The tetrazonium product of 1 can be isolated as tetrafluoroborate salt 4 in 3.4% yield by adding fluoboric acid into the acetic acid solution. The structure 4 was confirmed by IR and cross-polarization magic angle spinning13C NMR spectroscopy. Further investigations showed that 1 can be quantitatively tetrazotized by nitrosylsulfuric acid in 78% sulfuric acid. The tetrazonium product was isolated as 4 in 74% yield. Key words: 1,4-diaminoanthraquinone, diazotization, tetrazotization, azo pigments.


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