Gap analysis for in situ conservation of crop genepools: implications of the Convention on Biological Diversity

1995 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 115
Keyword(s):  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Gap Analysis ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity

In situ conservation of plant species – an unattainable goal?

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 211-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vernon H. Heywood
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Threatened Plant Species

The conservation of plant species in situ is a complex and multifaceted procedure which involves both the maintenance and management of protected areas and actions targeted at the species and population level. Most effort has been aimed so far at the occurrence and persistence of species in protected areas as a measure of conservation. However, species-level actions such as conservation or recovery plans have been undertaken for only a small percentage of threatened plant species, mostly by a few countries. The reasons for this are complex and involve scientific, social and political considerations. The planning of targets for biodiversity conservation in situ by the Convention on Biological Diversity suffers from a failure to coordinate area-based and species-based actions leading to overlap and confusion. A set of recommendations is given to help remedy the neglect of targeted species conservation.

scholarly journals A regional approach to Nordic crop wild relative in situ conservation planning

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heli Fitzgerald ◽  
Anna Palmé ◽  
Åsmund Asdal ◽  
Dag Endresen ◽  
Elina Kiviharju ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Planning ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Crop Wild Relatives ◽  
Global Strategy ◽  
Intraspecific Diversity ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Regional Approach

AbstractCrop wild relatives (CWR) can provide one solution to future challenges on food security, sustainable agriculture and adaptation to climate change. Diversity found in CWR can be essential for adapting crops to these new demands. Since the need to improve in situ conservation of CWR has been recognized by the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) (2010) and the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (2011–2020), it is important to develop ways to safeguard these important genetic resources. The Nordic flora includes many species related to food, forage and other crop groups, but little has been done to systematically secure these important wild resources. A Nordic regional approach to CWR conservation planning provided opportunities to network, find synergies, share knowledge, plan the conservation and give policy inputs on a regional level. A comprehensive CWR checklist for the Nordic region was generated and then prioritized by socio-economic value and utilization potential. Nordic CWR checklist was formed of 2553 taxa related to crop plants. Out of these, 114 taxa including 83 species were prioritized representing vegetable, cereal, fruit, berry, nut and forage crop groups. The in situ conservation planning of the priority CWR included ecogeographic and complementarity analyses to identify a potential network of genetic reserve sites in the region. Altogether 971,633 occurrence records of the priority species were analysed. A minimum number of sites within and outside existing conservation areas were identified that had the potential to support a maximum number of target species of maximum intraspecific diversity.

scholarly journals Status of the Ex Situ and In Situ Conservation of Brazilian Crop Wild Relatives of Rice, Potato, Sweet Potato, and Finger Millet: Filling the Gaps of Germplasm Collections

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 638
Author(s):  
Marcelo B. Medeiros ◽  
José F. M. Valls ◽  
Aluana G. Abreu ◽  
Gustavo Heiden ◽  
Suelma Ribeiro-Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finger Millet ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Gap Analysis ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Crop Wild Relatives ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
The Status

This study presents the status of ex situ and in situ conservation for the crop wild relatives of rice, potato, sweet potato, and finger millet in Brazil, and the subsequent germplasm collection expeditions. This research is part of a global initiative entitled “Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change: Collecting, Protecting, and Preparing Crop Wild Relatives” supported by the Global Crop Diversity Trust. Species of the primary, secondary, and tertiary gene pools with occurrences reported in Brazil were included: Oryza alta Swallen, O. grandiglumis (Döll) Prod., O. latifolia Desv., O. glumaepatula Steud., Eleusine tristachya (Lam.) Lam., E. indica (L.) Gaertn., Solanum commersonii Dunal, S. chacoense Bitter, Ipomoea grandifolia (Dammer) O’Donell, I. ramosissima (Poir.) Choisy, I. tiliacea (Willd.) Choisy, I. triloba L., and I. cynanchifolia Meisn. The status of the ex situ and in situ conservation of each taxon was assessed using the gap analysis methodology, and the results were used to plan 16 germplasm collection expeditions. Seeds of the collected material were evaluated for viability, and the protocols for seed germination and cryopreservation were tested. The final conservation score, resulting from the gap analysis and including the average of the ex situ and in situ scores, resulted in a classification of medium priority of conservation for all the species, with the exception of I. grandifolia (high priority). The total accessions collected (174) almost doubled the total accessions of these crop wild relatives incorporated in Embrapa’s ex situ conservation system prior to 2015. In addition, accessions for practically absent species were collected for the ex situ conservation system, such as Ipomoea species, Eleusine indica, and Solanum chacoense. The methods used for dormancy breaking and low temperature conservation for the Oryza, Eleusine, and Ipomoea species were promising for the incorporation of accessions in the respective gene banks. The results show the importance of efforts to collect and conserve ex situ crop wild relatives in Brazil based on previous gap analysis. The complementarity with the in situ strategy also appears to be very promising in the country.

Climate change and protected area policy and planning in Canada

2005 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 696-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Scott ◽  
Christopher Lemieux
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Ecological Communities ◽  
Key Words Climate Change ◽  
United Nations Convention ◽  
Policy And Planning ◽  
Potential Shifts

Protected areas are the most common and most important strategy for biodiversity conservation and are called for under the United Nations' Convention on Biological Diversity. However, most protected areas have been designed to represent (and in theory protect for perpetuity) specific natural features, species and ecological communities in-situ, and have not taken into account potential shifts in ecosystem distribution and composition that could be induced by global climatic change. This paper provides an overview of the policy and planning implications of climate change for protected areas in Canada, summarizes a portfolio of climate change adaptation options that have been discussed in the conservation literature and by conservation professionals and provides a perspective on what is needed for the conservation community in Canada to move forward on responding to the threat posed by climate change. Key words: climate change, protected areas, parks, conservation, system planning, impacts, adaptation

Implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity in Mesoamerica: environmental and developmental perspectives

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariel Aguilar-Støen ◽  
Shivcharn S. Dhillion
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Culturally Diverse ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Conservation Priority ◽  
Southern Mexico ◽  
Equitable Sharing

Mesoamerica (Southern Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama) is a culturally diverse region considered a conservation priority due to its biotic richness and high endemism. The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) sets out obligations and objectives for national parties to cope with biodiversity reduction, and encourages these national parties to develop measures to conserve and manage biodiversity. This paper presents trends in Mesoamerican countries in the implementation of the CBD, specifically in relation to the general measures for conservation and sustainable use (Article 6), identification and monitoring (Article 7), and in situ conservation (Article 8) derived from examination of reports from the CBD National Reports unit, questionnaires to national focal points, and interviews in the field. In general, there was increased effort toward CBD implementation and related issues. The scientific capacity, political stability, and accessibility to resources in each country, however, influenced the rate at which capacity was being built and the relative importance governments afforded to each of the CBD articles. Lack of resources or institutional limitations are identified as major impediments to fulfilling obligations. The CBD is also poorly known among actors in civil society and at several levels of administration. Overall, Costa Rica and Mexico are exceptions in the region with regard to inventory and monitoring, and the efforts to incorporate biodiversity into broader intersectoral policies. However, the measures required to ensure the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from biodiversity are poorly developed, or not developed at all, in the region. It is pivotal that, since Mesoamerica is one of the poorest regions in the world, any attempt to conserve biodiversity in the region must include sustainable use and equity.

An ecogeographic framework for in situ conservation of forest trees in British Columbia

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 2553-2561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Hamann ◽  
Pia Smets ◽  
Alvin D Yanchuk ◽  
Sally N Aitken
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Gap Analysis ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
Adaptive Genetic Variation ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Ecological Zones

We present a comprehensive approach to carry out community-wide assessments of in situ conservation of forest trees based on basic botanical and ecological data. This is a first step, resulting in a consistent framework to set priorities for collection and inclusion of species- specific biological and genetic information. We use botanical sample data to generate high-resolution distribution maps as a basis for a gap analysis of how well each species is represented in protected areas. To account for adaptive genetic variation of tree species we stratify populations by ecological zones that represent different macroclimates. In a detailed example for Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), we show that under certain conditions this approach can pinpoint gaps at the level of genetically differentiated populations without actually using genetic data. In a comprehensive case study, evaluating the outcome of a major protected area expansion between 1991 and 2001 for British Columbia, we demonstrate how extensive results from a community-wide GIS analysis can be summarized and presented for decision-making. We provide methods to identify and efficiently cope with in situ conservation gaps, where lack of data or low protected area coverage requires additional conservation efforts or collection of better data.

scholarly journals In situ Conservation Assessment of Forage and Fodder CWR in Spain Using Phytosociological Associations

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 5882
Author(s):  
Rubio Teso ◽  
Iriondo
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gap Analysis ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Natura 2000 ◽  
Crop Wild Relatives ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Conservation Assessment ◽  
Conservation Units ◽  
Complementarity Analysis

Crop wild relatives (CWR) can be used to mitigate the negative effects of climate change on crops, but their genetic diversity conservation has not been properly addressed. We propose a new target unit for conservation (Asso-EcoU) based on the occurrence of phytosociological associations in different environments. This approach involves using ecogeographical information and distribution data of associations to identify an optimized set of locations for in situ genetic diversity conservation. Thirty-nine CWR species, grouped in 15 associations, generated 165 Asso-EcoUs. Using the Sites of Community Importance (SCI) of Natura 2000 in Spain, we performed three analyses: (1) gap analysis, (2) coverage of the network, and (3) complementarity analysis. Analyses were performed with both target conservation units, associations, or Asso-EcoUs. The SCI network includes 100% of the associations and 69% of the Asso-EcoUs. The coverage assessment showed that 8.8% of the network is enough to encompass all the networks’ target conservation units. Complementarity analysis showed that seven and 52 SCI areas are needed to contain at least one site of the 15 associations and the 114 Asso-EcoUs, respectively. These results highlight the value of Asso-EcoUs to potentially incorporate the genetic diversity component into conservation plans, while increasing the number of species covered.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document