The changes in Purkinje cell simple spike activity following spontaneous climbing fiber inputs

1982 ◽  
Vol 237 (2) ◽  
pp. 484-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. McDevitt ◽  
Timothy J. Ebner ◽  
James R. Bloedel
Keyword(s):  
Purkinje Cell ◽  
Spike Activity ◽  
Climbing Fiber ◽  
Simple Spike

scholarly journals Potentiation of cerebellar Purkinje cells facilitates whisker reflex adaptation through increased simple spike activity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Romano ◽  
Licia De Propris ◽  
Laurens W.J. Bosman ◽  
Pascal Warnaar ◽  
Michiel M. ten Brinke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Purkinje Cell ◽  
Purkinje Cells ◽  
Spike Activity ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Response Probability ◽  
Long Term Potentiation ◽  
Parallel Fiber ◽  
Spike Response ◽  
Simple Spike ◽  
Cerebellar Plasticity

SummaryCerebellar plasticity underlies motor learning. However, how the cerebellum operates to enable learned changes in motor output is largely unknown. We developed a sensory-driven adaptation protocol for reflexive whisker protraction and recorded Purkinje cell activity from crus 1 and 2 of awake mice. Before training, simple spikes of individual Purkinje cells correlated during reflexive protraction with the whisker position without lead or lag. After training, simple spikes and whisker protractions were both enhanced with the spiking activity now leading the behavioral response. Neuronal and behavior changes did not occur in two cell-specific mouse models with impaired long-term potentiation at parallel fiber to Purkinje cell synapses. Consistent with cerebellar plasticity rules, increased simple spike activity was prominent in cells with low complex spike response probability. Thus, potentiation at parallel fiber to Purkinje cell synapses may contribute to reflex adaptation and enable expression of cerebellar learning through increases in simple spike activity.Impact statementRomano et al. show that expression of cerebellar whisker learning can be mediated by increases in simple spike activity, depending on LTP induction at parallel fiber to Purkinje cell synapses.

scholarly journals Differential Purkinje cell simple spike activity and pausing behavior related to cerebellar modules

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (7) ◽  
pp. 2524-2536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haibo Zhou ◽  
Kai Voges ◽  
Zhanmin Lin ◽  
Chiheng Ju ◽  
Martijn Schonewille
Keyword(s):  
Purkinje Cell ◽  
Purkinje Cells ◽  
Cerebellar Cortex ◽  
Spike Activity ◽  
Vestibular Nuclei ◽  
Simple Spike ◽  
Transverse Zone ◽  
Cerebellar Modules ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Cerebellar Purkinje Cells

The massive computational capacity of the cerebellar cortex is conveyed by Purkinje cells onto cerebellar and vestibular nuclei neurons through their GABAergic, inhibitory output. This implies that pauses in Purkinje cell simple spike activity are potentially instrumental in cerebellar information processing, but their occurrence and extent are still heavily debated. The cerebellar cortex, although often treated as such, is not homogeneous. Cerebellar modules with distinct anatomical connectivity and gene expression have been described, and Purkinje cells in these modules also differ in firing rate of simple and complex spikes. In this study we systematically correlate, in awake mice, the pausing in simple spike activity of Purkinje cells recorded throughout the entire cerebellum, with their location in terms of lobule, transverse zone, and zebrin-identified cerebellar module. A subset of Purkinje cells displayed long (>500-ms) pauses, but we found that their occurrence correlated with tissue damage and lower temperature. In contrast to long pauses, short pauses (<500 ms) and the shape of the interspike interval (ISI) distributions can differ between Purkinje cells of different lobules and cerebellar modules. In fact, the ISI distributions can differ both between and within populations of Purkinje cells with the same zebrin identity, and these differences are at least in part caused by differential synaptic inputs. Our results suggest that long pauses are rare but that there are differences related to shorter intersimple spike intervals between and within specific subsets of Purkinje cells, indicating a potential further segregation in the activity of cerebellar Purkinje cells.

Barbiturate depresses simple spike activity of cerebellar Purkinje cells after climbing fiber input

1993 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1082-1090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Sato ◽  
A. Miura ◽  
H. Fushiki ◽  
T. Kawasaki
Keyword(s):  
Total Dose ◽  
Purkinje Cells ◽  
Spike Activity ◽  
Climbing Fiber ◽  
T Test ◽  
Pentobarbital Sodium ◽  
Simple Spike ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cerebellar Purkinje Cells ◽  
Decerebrate Cats

1. Some scientists reported that the simple spike (SS) activity was transiently depressed after climbing fiber input, but others reported that predominant population of Purkinje cells increased their SS activity after the complex spike (CS). In the present study, SS activity after spontaneous CS was compared before and after the administration of pentobarbital sodium and of ketamine in high decerebrate cats. 2. Frequencies of spontaneous CS and SS firing were reduced (P < 0.001, t test) after pentobarbital administration of a total dose of 20-30 mg/kg. 3. In the peri-CS time histogram, the SS activity during a post-CS period of 10-110 ms with respect to that during a pre-CS period of -100-0 ms was reduced (P < 0.001) after the pentobarbital administration from, on average, 132.4 to 81.9%. In contrast, the SS activity during a post-CS period of 110-210 ms remained unchanged (P > 0.2). 4. In the pre-CS time histogram constructed after the pentobarbital administration, there were no significant differences (P > 0.01) between the SS activity during a pre-CS period of -600 to -500 ms and that during each of other pre-CS periods, suggesting that the barbiturate had little effect on the SS activity preceding the CS. 5. Analysis of raster diagrams revealed the variability of individual SS activity after the CS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Congruence of spatial organization of tactile projections to granule cell and Purkinje cell layers of cerebellar hemispheres of the albino rat: vertical organization of cerebellar cortex

1983 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 745-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Bower ◽  
D. C. Woolston
Keyword(s):  
Purkinje Cell ◽  
Cerebellar Cortex ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Granule Cell ◽  
Spike Activity ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Parallel Fibers ◽  
Simple Spike ◽  
Vertical Organization ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. We compared the spatial pattern of shortest latency somatosensory (tactile) projections to the Purkinje cell (PC) layer and to the underlying granule cell (GC) layer in tactile areas of rat cerebellar cortex. Micro-mapping methods were used to sample single units in the PC layer and multiple units in the GC layer of both anesthetized and unanesthetized rats. Mechanical and electrical stimulation of the body surface were employed. Responsiveness of PCs to cutaneous stimulation was assessed by constructing histograms of simple spike activity and statistically comparing poststimulus activity to nonstimulated base-line PC activity. 2. We found that PCs respond to tactile stimulation with increases (7-10 ms) followed by decreases (8-15 ms) in simple spike activity. Increases in simple spike activity followed activation of the underlying GC layer by 1-4 ms, while decreases in simple spike activity were found 2-5 ms after GC layer activation. 3. PCs were found to have both excitatory and inhibitory receptive fields (RFs). Excitatory RFs were restricted to small areas of a single body part and for each PC were very similar or identical to the RFs of neurons in the immediately subjacent GC layer. Inhibitory PC RFs were larger, often containing more than one body part and for each PC, were only partially similar to the RFs of subjacent GCs. PC inhibitory RFs also often included body surfaces projecting to the nearby but not to the underlying GC layer. 4. Stimulation of a single peripheral locus resulted in small, distinct regions of PC layer excitation and inhibition. Areas of PC excitation overlie activated regions of the GC layer, while inhibited PCs overlie both activated and nonactivated GC regions. 5. We found PCs to be organized in groups or patches with respect to the specific body region that was capable of activating them (upper lip, lower lip, etc.). Adjacent patches of PCs often represented widely separated body parts. This pattern of PC layer activating RF projections was congruent with the pattern of excitatory RF projections to the underlying GC layer. 6. These results indicate that there is a vertical organization in GC-PC excitatory relations, while GC-induced PC inhibition is slightly more widely distributed. 7. Our finding that the patchlike activation of PCs is congruent with that of the underlying GC layer contrasts with the classical concept that PCs are activated by parallel fibers in a "beamlike" fashion from a patch of GCs. Thus, a reevaluation of the role of parallel fibers seems to us to be in order. 8. In conclusion, our results support the view that short-latency afferent tactile projections to both the GC and PC layers of cerebellar cortex are highly organized spatially. This specificity of body surface projections must be incorporated into modern views of the functional organization of cerebellar cortex.

Increase in Purkinje cell gain associated with naturally activated climbing fiber input

1983 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Ebner ◽  
Q. X. Yu ◽  
J. R. Bloedel
Keyword(s):  
Purkinje Cell ◽  
Purkinje Cells ◽  
Mossy Fiber ◽  
Climbing Fiber ◽  
Peripheral Stimulus ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Spike Response ◽  
Complex Spike ◽  
Simple Spike ◽  
Complex Spikes

These experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that climbing fiber inputs evoked by a peripheral stimulus increase the responsiveness of Purkinje cells to mossy fiber inputs. This hypothesis was based on a previous series of observations demonstrating that spontaneous climbing fiber inputs are associated with an accentuation of the Purkinje cell responses to subsequent mossy fiber inputs (10, 12). Furthermore, short-term nonpersistent interactions between climbing and mossy fiber inputs have been an important aspect of many theories of cerebellar function (5, 7, 8, 12, 36). Extracellular unitary recordings were made from Purkinje cells in lobule V of decerebrate, unanesthetized cats. To activate mossy and climbing fiber inputs, the forepaw was passively flexed by a Ling vibrator system. A data analysis was developed to sort the simple spike trials into two groups, based on the presence or absence of complex spikes activated by the stimulus. In addition, during those trials in which complex spikes were activated, the simple spike train was aligned on the occurrence of the complex spike. For each simple spike response to the forepaw input, the average firing rate during the response was compared to background both in those trials in which complex spikes were activated and in those in which they were not. The ratio of the response amplitudes in the histograms constructed from these two groups of trials permitted a quantification of the change in responsiveness when climbing fiber inputs were activated. The results show that both excitatory and inhibitory simple spike responses are accentuated when associated with the activation of a complex spike. Using an arbitrary level of a gain change ratio of 120% as indicating a significant modification, 64% of the response components analyzed increased their amplitude when climbing fiber input was present. Simple spike response components occurring prior to complex spike activation were usually not accentuated, although in a few cells the amplitude of this component of the response increased. In addition, in a small number of cells the occurrence of complex spikes was associated with a new simple spike component. For excitatory responses, the magnitude of the gain change ratio was shown to be inversely related to the amplitude of the simple spike response evoked by the mossy fiber inputs. The data obtained is consistent with the hypothesis that the climbing fiber input is associated with an increase in the responsiveness of Purkinje cells to mossy fiber inputs. The increased responsiveness occurs whether the simple spike modulation evoked by the peripheral stimulus is excitatory or inhibitory. The change in responsiveness is short term and nonpersistent. It is argued that the activation of climbing fiber inputs to the cerebellar cortex is associated with an increase in the gain of Purkinje cells to mossy fiber inputs activated by natural peripheral stimuli.

scholarly journals Current source density correlates of cerebellar Golgi and Purkinje cell responses to tactile input

2011 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 1327-1341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koen Tahon ◽  
Mike Wijnants ◽  
Erik De Schutter ◽  
Reinoud Maex
Keyword(s):  
Purkinje Cell ◽  
Purkinje Cells ◽  
Spike Activity ◽  
Granular Layer ◽  
Current Source ◽  
Current Source Density ◽  
Golgi Cell ◽  
Golgi Cells ◽  
Source Density ◽  
Simple Spike

The overall circuitry of the cerebellar cortex has been known for over a century, but the function of many synaptic connections remains poorly characterized in vivo. We used a one-dimensional multielectrode probe to estimate the current source density (CSD) of Crus IIa in response to perioral tactile stimuli in anesthetized rats and to correlate current sinks and sources to changes in the spike rate of corecorded Golgi and Purkinje cells. The punctate stimuli evoked two distinct early waves of excitation (at <10 and ∼20 ms) associated with current sinks in the granular layer. The second wave was putatively of corticopontine origin, and its associated sink was located higher in the granular layer than the first trigeminal sink. The distinctive patterns of granular-layer sinks correlated with the spike responses of corecorded Golgi cells. In general, Golgi cell spike responses could be linearly reconstructed from the CSD profile. A dip in simple-spike activity of coregistered Purkinje cells correlated with a current source deep in the molecular layer, probably generated by basket cell synapses, interspersed between sparse early sinks presumably generated by synapses from granule cells. The late (>30 ms) enhancement of simple-spike activity in Purkinje cells was characterized by the absence of simultaneous sinks in the granular layer and by the suppression of corecorded Golgi cell activity, pointing at inhibition of Golgi cells by Purkinje axon collaterals as a likely mechanism of late Purkinje cell excitation.

scholarly journals A Purkinje cell model that simulates complex spikes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelia Burroughs ◽  
Nadia L. Cerminara ◽  
Richard Apps ◽  
Conor Houghton
Keyword(s):  
Action Potential ◽  
Purkinje Cell ◽  
Spike Activity ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
Complex Spike ◽  
Simple Spike ◽  
Lower Amplitude ◽  
Complex Spikes

AbstractPurkinje cells are the principal neurons of the cerebellar cortex. One of their distinguishing features is that they fire two distinct types of action potential, called simple and complex spikes, which interact with one another. Simple spikes are stereotypical action potentials that are elicited at high, but variable, rates (0 – 100 Hz) and have a consistent waveform. Complex spikes are composed of an initial action potential followed by a burst of lower amplitude spikelets. Complex spikes occur at comparatively low rates (~ 1 Hz) and have a variable waveform. Although they are critical to cerebellar operation a simple model that describes the complex spike waveform is lacking. Here, a novel single-compartment model of Purkinje cell electrodynamics is presented. The simpler version of this model, with two active conductances and a leak channel, can simulate the features typical of complex spikes recorded in vitro. If calcium dynamics are also included, the model can capture the pause in simple spike activity that occurs after complex spike events. Together, these models provide an insight into the mechanisms behind complex spike spikelet generation, waveform variability and their interactions with simple spike activity.

scholarly journals Potentiation of cerebellar Purkinje cells facilitates whisker reflex adaptation through increased simple spike activity

eLife ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Romano ◽  
Licia De Propris ◽  
Laurens WJ Bosman ◽  
Pascal Warnaar ◽  
Michiel M ten Brinke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Purkinje Cell ◽  
Purkinje Cells ◽  
Spike Activity ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Response Probability ◽  
Long Term Potentiation ◽  
Parallel Fiber ◽  
Spike Response ◽  
Simple Spike ◽  
Cerebellar Plasticity

Cerebellar plasticity underlies motor learning. However, how the cerebellum operates to enable learned changes in motor output is largely unknown. We developed a sensory-driven adaptation protocol for reflexive whisker protraction and recorded Purkinje cell activity from crus 1 and 2 of awake mice. Before training, simple spikes of individual Purkinje cells correlated during reflexive protraction with the whisker position without lead or lag. After training, simple spikes and whisker protractions were both enhanced with the spiking activity now leading behavioral responses. Neuronal and behavioral changes did not occur in two cell-specific mouse models with impaired long-term potentiation at their parallel fiber to Purkinje cell synapses. Consistent with cerebellar plasticity rules, increased simple spike activity was prominent in cells with low complex spike response probability. Thus, potentiation at parallel fiber to Purkinje cell synapses may contribute to reflex adaptation and enable expression of cerebellar learning through increases in simple spike activity.

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