Dendrogeochemistry and soil geochemistry applied to exploration for alkalic Cu-Au porphyry mineralization under cover at the Racecourse prospect, NSW, Australia

ABSTRACT The Racecourse Cu-Au porphyry prospect is found within the Macquarie Arc of the Lachlan Fold Belt, in the Lachlan Transverse Zone, a cross-arc structure hosting significant world-class mineralization, including the Cadia and Northparks districts. Several geochemical and geophysical surveys of the prospect have been complimented by a total of 19,819 m of drilling, with only four holes reaching a depth greater than 300 m. Positive lithogeochemistry (fertility indices, comparisons with the Cadia and Northparks systems) subtle alteration, and mineralized intercepts indicate heightened mineral potential, yet the prospect has lacked a comprehensive geochemical survey outlining the extent of the mineralized target at surface. Soil samples and Monterey pine (Pinus radiata) tree cores were collected above and distal to mineralization intercepted by prior drilling in order to outline the ore deposit footprint and test the viability of dendrogeochemistry as an exploration tool for porphyry Cu mineralization. Ultimately, this study documented the spatial extent of the Racecourse target and identified potential areas for additional Cu mineralization. Soil samples were separated with the <250 μm size fraction analyzed and show distinct anomalous populations of Au, Cu, Mo, Pb, and Zn above prior drilling. Tree cores were collected by increment borer and tree rings of the Pinus radiata were counted and measured, with an age interval of 2003–2008 exhibiting the least ring-width variability chosen to chemically analyze. Selected intervals were digested and analyzed and have elevated Cu, Mo, and Zn in an area that overlaps a previously drilled soil anomaly, whereas an anomaly in the southwest of the survey area documents a Cu, Pb anomaly corresponding to localized faulting and tertiary basalt subcrop. Tree roots are directly tapping chemical variability at depth, aided via metal mobilization through faulted fluid conduits. Lead isotope ratios from the Pinus radiata identify distinct groups of lead spatially associated with discrete metal anomalies of varied lithological ages. At the Racecourse target, anomalous Pinus radiata samples yield a similar isotopic signature to the faulted southwestern anomaly, potentially linking the source of these two metal anomalies. When these results are integrated with the current understanding of the mineralized body, geochemical media suggest that mineralization may continue down-plunge at depth.

Cambios estructurales causados por los buzamientos de rampas laterales en cinturones fallados y plegados

Transverse zones are tectonic structures parallel or oblique to the shortening direction. Lateral ramps are inherited tectonic structures and are comprised in a transverse zone. During shortening transverse zones are usually confused with simple strike-slip faults. We evaluated 36 analogue models under brittle conditions using two frontal ramps connected by a lateral ramp at different inclinations (30°, 45°, and 60°) to identify lateral ramps characteristics in the fold and thrust belts. The experiments were conducted in a subduction-type sandbox, using dry sand and a rigid block, representing a brittle crust and the backstop. During shortening, faults and folds related grow parallel to frontal ramps. Significative plunges correlate with the inclination of the lateral ramp. The oblique faults dipped along the direction opposite to the lateral ramp, while the normal faults parallel to the lateral ramp only occurred when linked to lateral ramps with high inclinations. The inclination of the lateral ramp controls the plunge and rotation of the folds and thrust structures. Regardless of the lateral ramp inclinations, in map view, the main characteristics used to identify lateral ramps are i) disrupted structures along the strike in the lateral ramp area and ii) oblique faults related to frontal ramp structures.

On icing of railway rolling stock under operating conditions of Northern Latitudinal Railway

Objective: Study of the mechanism of forming compacted snow masses deposits on the surfaces of the undercar space and undercarriage of the rolling stock, study of forming microclimatic conditions in the niches of the undercarriage due to the interaction of air masses of the incoming flow with convective flows formed during the operation of the brake equipment. Methods: Solid models in the SolidWorks software package are developed, CFD analysis is implemented by the finite volume method in the FlowSimulation module based on the numerical solution of the Navier–Stokes equations. Results: By means of numerical modeling, the presence of a centrifugal-transverse zone of the fluid behind the surface of the wheel rim was established, as a result of which drops are carried out in the radial direction, adhering to the metal parts of the undercar space, creating a white type of ice formations that can increase in size due to the braking process. To redirect the flow containing snow inclusions, a deflector device is proposed. Diagrams of temperature fields in the plane of the bogie brake discs were obtained with and without a deflector, a comparative analysis was carried out, and a conclusion was made about the necessity of using the device. Practical importance: The performed numerical modeling made it possible to visually demonstrate the main zones of the ice build-up formation on the undercarriage of a moving rolling stock and to identify a variant of controlling the dimensions of these areas using the proposed device of a mechanical deflector.

Can Certain Actions in Virtual Space Make a Human Being Impatient?

Summary: In 2005, Research Centre for the Study and Observation of Living Conditions noted that 62% of Internet users are trying to save time in preparing for their purchase. It is now 89% for online buyers [1]. In 2018, a survey carried out for the management of the Lemonde.fr site measured that after five seconds of waiting, out of ten potential readers behind the screen, three abandon [2]. According to the Baromil survey from 2018, because the information is available in real time, we are constantly connected in real time. Google, the most used search engine, does not even take 1 second to display thousands of results for our query, whatever it may be [3]. According to Jean Cottraux, psychiatrist and psychotherapist, we are faced with “a society that pushes buttons. We are constantly waiting for an immediate response” [4]. These few examples and with regard to my own research work on Behavioural Differentiations between the Real and the Virtual, my theories on “Avatarization”, the “Transverse Zone” and the “Virtual Intelligence”, developed in my scientific article and my books, impatience seems to have increased due to the use of the connected tool [5,6]. Behaviours have changed from that. These behaviors can also be reproduced in the real world. What about impatience? How is it characterized in the real and virtual?

Effects of optical phonon interaction on dynamical valley polarization in graphene

The present report is concerned with the dynamical behavior of [Formula: see text]-electronic valley states, under the interaction with transverse zone-boundary optical phonons, in graphene. It is assumed that the phonons are thermal and obey the Bose–Einstein distribution, while the [Formula: see text]-electrons are initially prepared in an experimentally realizable particular valley state. In our study, we take the view that such a mixture is completely described by a time-dependent density operator which is then determined, to the second-order of perturbation, from the governing Schrödinger equation. Employing the density operator so calculated, an analytical expression for the valley polarization, as a function of time, phonon frequency and temperature, is obtained. The results, accompanying with illustrative figures, reveal that the [Formula: see text]-electrons, through the elastic exchange of energy with phonons, change the valley states periodically with characteristics that strongly depend upon the temperature. It is in particular shown that as the temperature is raised, the time-averaged valley polarization approaches zero, as expected. Our calculations also show that the amplitude of valley oscillations is solely determined by the temperature and phonon frequency: an increase in the temperature enlarges the amplitudes in contrast to the phonon frequency which does the reverse. Along these lines, moreover, we demonstrate that the frequency of valley oscillations is determined by the electronic momentum deviation from the valley states, along with the phonon frequency.

Differential Purkinje cell simple spike activity and pausing behavior related to cerebellar modules

The massive computational capacity of the cerebellar cortex is conveyed by Purkinje cells onto cerebellar and vestibular nuclei neurons through their GABAergic, inhibitory output. This implies that pauses in Purkinje cell simple spike activity are potentially instrumental in cerebellar information processing, but their occurrence and extent are still heavily debated. The cerebellar cortex, although often treated as such, is not homogeneous. Cerebellar modules with distinct anatomical connectivity and gene expression have been described, and Purkinje cells in these modules also differ in firing rate of simple and complex spikes. In this study we systematically correlate, in awake mice, the pausing in simple spike activity of Purkinje cells recorded throughout the entire cerebellum, with their location in terms of lobule, transverse zone, and zebrin-identified cerebellar module. A subset of Purkinje cells displayed long (>500-ms) pauses, but we found that their occurrence correlated with tissue damage and lower temperature. In contrast to long pauses, short pauses (<500 ms) and the shape of the interspike interval (ISI) distributions can differ between Purkinje cells of different lobules and cerebellar modules. In fact, the ISI distributions can differ both between and within populations of Purkinje cells with the same zebrin identity, and these differences are at least in part caused by differential synaptic inputs. Our results suggest that long pauses are rare but that there are differences related to shorter intersimple spike intervals between and within specific subsets of Purkinje cells, indicating a potential further segregation in the activity of cerebellar Purkinje cells.