Institutional Rent in Metallurgy: Ways of Use

The article describes the possible use of institutional rent of the largest metallurgical companies associated with their non-market advantages. The author identifies the channels for obtaining such rent, including differences in the tax burden, difference in the rates of involved financial resources for companies operating in different institutional conditions, state support and benefits from peculiarities of the vertical organization of production. Some estimates of institutional rent are obtained and questions are raised about the income and expenses level, fair for the economy, of the companies that receive it. The directions, in which large companies spend the received rent, are highlighted; it is emphasized that withdrawal of "windfall revenues" can be made only after they are compared with non-market expenses of companies, imputed by the state. At the same time, information on such costs is scattered, inaccurate and therefore requires serious assessment and monitoring. The author substantiates an approach wherein the state and big business are interested to seek a mutually beneficial use of the received institutional rent.

The Moroccan State between Centralization and Regionalism

This study interrogates the role played by advanced regionalism in reinforcing the centralization of the Moroccan state and reproducing its great reform dilemma: its desire to modernize (to some extent) while retaining a unitary centralized structure via the adoption of a vertical power structure vis-à-vis the regions. This parallels the failure to democratize and to develop a new social contract, keeping state resources firmly in the hands of the central state without meaningful participation by the regions. This strategy is implemented via the centralization of territorial control and the monopolization of resources, creating a regional division based on geographic, economic and developmental factors. It disregards the regions' cultural, historical and economic homogeneity, which might serve as the basis for a reconsideration of the state's unitary character, and feeds off the control of public space at a time when rural protest has been creating new social mobilization dynamics. The study also considers the effect of the geopolitics of the desert on the adoption of regionalism and the restructuring of the Moroccan state via control of the requirements of representation, mobilization and mediation in the desert. The legitimation of self-rule and the integration of desert elites into the state's central structure has underlined the risks elated to the reformation of the state through a strategy of local government re-formation in the desert that ultimately reinforces the state's legitimacy and centralized character without affecting the vertical organization of power.

Clima-Organizacional Estudiantil en Contexto de Diversidad Cultural, Aplicando un Modelo de Correlación en el Norte de Sinaloa

El Clima organizacional (Co) es importante para estimular, impulsar y mejorar la productividad del Recurso humano (Rh) que genera, crea, promueve, gestiona y mantiene constante innovación para el desarrollo grupal e individual. Se analizaron condiciones de Co en estudiantes de tres unidades académicas de una Universidad intercultural en Sinaloa para detectar, fortalezas, debilidades, oportunidades y amenazas. Se aplicaron 1,176 encuestas (escala Likert-siete niveles), con 70 preguntas, siendo validada por alfa de Cronbach (0.86). El muestreo fue por Método Aleatorio Estratificado, Afijación Proporcional con nivel de confianza (97%) y error (2.8%) para N=5,375. Se estratificó por unidad y carrera, en el caso de Los Mochis, se tuvo una muestra de (n=703); Mochicahui, (n=361) y Choix, (n=112). Las variables medidas fueron: Servicio a estudiantes (Se), Respeto a la Diversidad Cultural (Rdc), Cohesión (Cn), Gestión (Gn), Área Física (Af) y Equidad (Eq). Se aplicó el Coeficiente de Correlación (Pearson) con regresión bivariada y multivariada. Se fue estadísticamente significativa con Co (r=0.787 P<0.01); Co con Rdc (r=0.761 P<0.01); Co con Cn (r=0.832 P<0.01); Co con Gn (r=0.834 P<0.01); Co con Af (r=0.796 P<0.01) y Co con Eq (r=0.820 P<0.01). La R2 fue de 91.8%. De acuerdo al predictor de las seis variables analizadas las más significativas en orden de importancia fueron: Af, Se, Gn, Eq, Rdc y Cn, para la toma de decisiones. Las fortalezas son que la Universidad es incluyente; sus debilidades son: existe una organización y gobierno “vertical”, fragmentando la unidad; amenazas, desunión y falta de comunicación; oportunidades, sus programas están certificados y con calidad educativa. Organizational climate (Co) is important to stimulate, boost and improve the productivity of the Human Resource (Rh) that generates, promotes, manages, creates and maintains constant innovation for group and individual development. Objective. Co conditions were analyzed in students of three academic units of an intercultural University in Sinaloa, to detect, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Method. 1,176 surveys were applied (Likert scale-seven levels), with 70 questions, being validated by Cronbach's alpha (0.86). Sampling was by Stratified Random Method, Proportional Locking, with confidence level (97%) and error (2.8%) for N= 5,375. It was stratified by unit and career, in the case of Los Mochis, there was a sample of (n= 703); Mochicahui, (n = 361) and Choix, (n = 112). The variables measured were: Student service (Se), Respect for Cultural Diversity (Rdc), Cohesion (Cn), Management (Gn), Physical Area (Af) and Equity (Eq) Results The Correlation Coefficient (Pearson) was applied, with bivariate and multivariate regression. It was statistically significant with Co (r = 0.787 P <0.01); Co with Rdc (r = 0.761 P <0.01); Co with Cn (r = 0.832 P <0.01); Co with Gn (r = 0.834 P <0.01); Co with Af (r = 0.796 P <0.01) and Co with Eq (r = 0.820 P <0.01). R2 was 91.8%. According to the predictor of the six variables analyzed the most significant in order of importance were: Af, Se, Gn, Eq, Rdc and Cn, for decision-making. The strengths are that the University is inclusive; its weaknesses are: there is a “vertical” organization and government, fragmenting the unit; threats, disunity and lack of communication; opportunities, its programs are certified and with educational quality.

Management of relations with enterprise stakeholders based on value approach

Significant transformations in economic relations and increased competition have posed enterprises with extremely complex tasks in the field of corporate governance. Mainly it concerns the systems of corporate governance, in which the principles of vertical organization are losing relevance, and the effectiveness of management largely depends on the balance of interests of participants (stakeholders) who can actively influence the production and commercial policy of the enterprise to distribute its resources in their favor.The study aims to develop proposals to ensure the effective interaction of the enterprise with stakeholders, based on establishing an optimal balance of material (value) interests, allowing achieving a reduction of risks that threaten the development of the enterprise.Thus, it was proposed to determine the total value of the commercial results of the enterprise, taking into account the real contribution, which is provided by the relations with one or another stakeholder. A similar approach is implemented to determine the share of the value of the corresponding stakeholder, which is ensured by its relationship with this enterprise. In addition to the value of the enterprise itself, the proposed models explicitly determine the value benefits of stakeholders and disclose a list of the main controlling factors: the volumes of resources supplied and consumed by the parties, their relative values, the structure of resource flows, etc.As an example, using the developed recommendations, the circle of the most influential stakeholders of the Ukrainian enterprise – PJSC KhTP – was studied. This approach allows an industrial enterprise to rank stakeholders by value, to analyze the dynamics of the structure and parameters of material and financial resources flows of the enterprise and its stakeholders.

Die Auswirkungen der Pflegepersonaluntergrenzen-Verordnung auf die Neurologische Frührehabilitation PhaseB

The effects of the nursing staff regulation on neurological early rehabilitation The German government has issued a regulation to define the minimal number of qualified nurses per shift in neurological early rehabilitation wards. This does not take into account ward specialization or the vertical organization of nursing, integrating staff in other departments. The German Society for Neurorehabilitation performed a survey among its members in February 2020 to find out which measures hospitals are taking to comply with this new regulation.

THE ONEIRIC SPACE OF KAZUO ISHIGURO’S NOVEL ‘THE BURIED GIANT’

The article provides a detailed study of the fictional space of Kazuo Ishiguro’s novel The Buried Giant. There are identified the features that give this aspect of the chronotope of the novel an oneiric character. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of certain loci of the novel’s fictional space, their toponymic and semiotic characteristics. Among the artistic means that actualize the oneiric space in the text, there are distinguished the peculiarities of the narrative level (first-person narration, representation of the events through the consciousness of the characters) and the features of the artistic expression and visualization of the novel’s fictional world: incorporation of mythological elements, metaphorization and generalization of the fictional space, emphasis on its horizontal and vertical organization. Some of the mythological characters are considered in the paper in terms of the additional meanings they contribute to the novel. Some motifs actualized by incorporation of mythological elements are also examined. A comprehensive analysis allowed us to reveal that the oneiric nature determines the topological characteristics of the novel. In addition, the oneiric space in The Buried Giant performs the function of representing the work of mnemonic mechanisms, which determines the connection of the considered aspect of poetics with the author’s intention, as well as with the theme of memory, characteristic not only of the analyzed novel but of the writer’s works as a whole. The study has also revealed an analogy in the representation of the chronotope with previous works by Kazuo Ishiguro, which allows us, among other things, to conclude that the actualization of the oneiric space is an important feature of the author’s artistic method.

The metalanguage of a lexicographic definition in the descriptive dictionary (based on the dictionaries of the Serbian language)

In this paper we present the continuous hierarchical ordering of the first part of the definition of lexemes from the thematic group ?buildings? by analyzing the vertical organization of superordination of concepts in the lexicographical definition. We demonstrate that the vertical sequence mounts from a higher level of conceptual categorization, ?localizer,? in the form of complex and simple primitives (PLACE > SPACE [WHERE], SPACE > EXPANSE [SOMETHING THAT IS (BOUNDLESSLY) SPREADING IN EVERY DIRECTION]) and descends toward a lower hyperonimic level of ?buildings?. The suggested model links meanings systematically, on a micro-level of meaning within the polysemic structure, and on a macrolevel of meanings of lexemes belonging to a thematic group/class, which is significant for the descriptive lexicography and for the modeling of semantic description in the electronic dictionary of the contemporary Serbian language. Such description could facilitate the cross-referencing of lexemes and advanced search, which is essential both for linguists and dictionary users.