The role of estradiol and progesterone in phased synaptic remodelling of the rat arcuate nucleus

Quartz & Sejnowski (Q&S) disregard evidence that suggests that their view of dendrites is inadequate and they ignore recent results concerning the role of neurotrophic factors in synaptic remodelling. They misrepresent neuronal selectionism and thus erect a straw-man argument. Finally, the results discussed in section 4.2 require neuronal proliferation, but this does not occur during the period of neuronal development of relevance here.

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AMPK mediates regulation of voltage-gated calcium channels by leptin in isolated neurons from arcuate nucleus

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.00299.2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 319 (6) ◽

pp. E1112-E1120

Author(s):

K. Bermeo ◽

H. Castro ◽

I. Arenas ◽

D. E. Garcia

Keyword(s):

Energy Balance ◽

Calcium Current ◽

Arcuate Nucleus ◽

Critical Role ◽

Fine Tuning ◽

Isolated Neurons ◽

Voltage Gated ◽

Voltage Gated Calcium Channels ◽

General Energy

Our results readily support the hypothesis that AMPK is responsible for the maintenance of the calcium current and mediates the fine-tuning modulation of the leptin response. The novelty of these results strengthens the critical role of AMPK in the general energy balance and homeostasis.

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The Role of Noradrenaline in Regulating Dopamine-Producing Neurons in the Arcuate Nucleus in Rats

Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology ◽

10.1007/s11055-014-9991-5 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 44 (7) ◽

pp. 839-847

Author(s):

L. K. Dil’mukhametova ◽

T. S. Pronina ◽

M. V. Ugryumov

Keyword(s):

Arcuate Nucleus

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Definition of the hypothalamic GnRH pulse generator in mice

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.1713897114 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 114 (47) ◽

pp. E10216-E10223 ◽

Cited By ~ 99

Author(s):

Jenny Clarkson ◽

Su Young Han ◽

Richard Piet ◽

Timothy McLennan ◽

Grace M. Kane ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arcuate Nucleus ◽

Pulse Generator ◽

Hormone Secretion ◽

Pulse Generation ◽

Neuron Population ◽

Lh Pulsatility ◽

Freely Behaving ◽

Definition Of ◽

Lh Secretion

The pulsatile release of luteinizing hormone (LH) is critical for mammalian fertility. However, despite several decades of investigation, the identity of the neuronal network generating pulsatile reproductive hormone secretion remains unproven. We use here a variety of optogenetic approaches in freely behaving mice to evaluate the role of the arcuate nucleus kisspeptin (ARNKISS) neurons in LH pulse generation. Using GCaMP6 fiber photometry, we find that the ARNKISS neuron population exhibits brief (∼1 min) synchronized episodes of calcium activity occurring as frequently as every 9 min in gonadectomized mice. These ARNKISS population events were found to be near-perfectly correlated with pulsatile LH secretion. The selective optogenetic activation of ARNKISS neurons for 1 min generated pulses of LH in freely behaving mice, whereas inhibition with archaerhodopsin for 30 min suppressed LH pulsatility. Experiments aimed at resetting the activity of the ARNKISS neuron population with halorhodopsin were found to reset ongoing LH pulsatility. These observations indicate the ARNKISS neurons as the long-elusive hypothalamic pulse generator driving fertility.

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