Outer-sphere and inner-sphere interactions in the formation of metal-ion nitrate complexes

1978 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 1383-1386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald F.C. Morris ◽  
John D. MacCarthy ◽  
Robert J. Newton
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ion ◽  
Outer Sphere ◽  
Inner Sphere ◽  
Nitrate Complexes

Protonation effects on dynamic flux properties of aqueous metal complexes

2009 ◽  
Vol 74 (10) ◽  
pp. 1543-1557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herman P. Van Leeuwen ◽  
Raewyn M. Town
Keyword(s):  
Complex Formation ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Good Description ◽  
Minor Component ◽  
Outer Sphere ◽  
Metal Species ◽  
Central Metal ◽  
Inner Sphere ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Protonated Ligand

The degree of (de)protonation of aqueous metal species has significant consequences for the kinetics of complex formation/dissociation. All protonated forms of both the ligand and the hydrated central metal ion contribute to the rate of complex formation to an extent weighted by the pertaining outer-sphere stabilities. Likewise, the lifetime of the uncomplexed metal is determined by all the various protonated ligand species. Therefore, the interfacial reaction layer thickness, μ, and the ensuing kinetic flux, Jkin, are more involved than in the conventional case. All inner-sphere complexes contribute to the overall rate of dissociation, as weighted by their respective rate constants for dissociation, kd. The presence of inner-sphere deprotonated H2O, or of outer-sphere protonated ligand, generally has a great impact on kd of the inner-sphere complex. Consequently, the overall flux can be dominated by a species that is a minor component of the bulk speciation. The concepts are shown to provide a good description of experimental stripping chronopotentiometric data for several protonated metal–ligand systems.

scholarly journals RuIII(edta) complexes as molecular redox catalysts in chemical and electrochemical reduction of dioxygen and hydrogen peroxide: inner-sphere versus outer-sphere mechanism

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (35) ◽  
pp. 21359-21366
Author(s):  
Debabrata Chatterjee ◽  
Marta Chrzanowska ◽  
Anna Katafias ◽  
Maria Oszajca ◽  
Rudi van Eldik
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Electrochemical Reduction ◽  
Molecular Oxygen ◽  
Outer Sphere ◽  
Transfer Processes ◽  
Edta Complexes ◽  
Inner Sphere ◽  
Electron Transfer Processes ◽  
Sphere Mechanism

[RuII(edta)(L)]2–, where edta4– =ethylenediaminetetraacetate; L = pyrazine (pz) and H2O, can reduce molecular oxygen sequentially to hydrogen peroxide and further to water by involving both outer-sphere and inner-sphere electron transfer processes.

Features of the formation of zinc(II) and cadmium(II) complexes with the inner-sphere and outer-sphere position of the decahydro-closo-decaborate anion in the presence of azaheterocyclic ligands

2021 ◽  
Vol 520 ◽  
pp. 120315
Author(s):  
Svetlana E. Korolenko ◽  
Aleksey S. Kubasov ◽  
Lyudmila V. Goeva ◽  
Varvara V. Avdeeva ◽  
Elena A. Malinina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outer Sphere ◽  
Inner Sphere ◽  
Closo Decaborate Anion

Synthesis and hydrolysis of gas-phase lanthanide and actinide oxide nitrate complexes: a correspondence to trivalent metal ion redox potentials and ionization energies

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (15) ◽  
pp. 9942-9950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana F. Lucena ◽  
Célia Lourenço ◽  
Maria C. Michelini ◽  
Philip X. Rutkowski ◽  
José M. Carretas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Oxidation States ◽  
Redox Potentials ◽  
Trivalent Metal ◽  
Ionization Energies ◽  
Reduction Potentials ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Nitrate Complexes

Gas-phase hydrolysis of lanthanide/actinide MO3(NO3)3−ions relates to the stabilities of the MIVoxidation states, which correlate with IV/III solution reduction potentials and 4th ionization energies.

Inner-Sphere and Outer-Sphere Water Interactions in Co(II) paraCEST Agents

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 2085-2095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samira M. Abozeid ◽  
Eric M. Snyder ◽  
Timothy Y. Tittiris ◽  
Charles M. Steuerwald ◽  
Alexander Y. Nazarenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outer Sphere ◽  
Inner Sphere

Surface Complexation of Neptunium(V) with Goethite

2006 ◽  
Vol 985 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L Jerden ◽  
A Jeremy Kropf
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Sodium Silicate ◽  
Outer Sphere ◽  
Distribution Coefficients ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Inner Sphere ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
X Ray Absorption ◽  
Outer Sphere Complexes ◽  
Inner Sphere Complexes

AbstractBatch adsorption experiments in which neptunium bearing solutions were reacted with goethite (alpha-FeOOH) have been performed to study uptake mechanisms in sodium chloride and calcium-bearing sodium silicate solutions. This paper presents results identifying and quantifying the mechanisms by which neptunium is adsorbed as a function of pH and reaction time (aging). Also presented are results from tests in which neptunium is reacted with goethite in the presence of other cations (uranyl and calcium) that may compete with neptunium for sorption sites. The desorption of neptunium from goethite has been studied by resuspending the neptunium-loaded goethite samples in solutions containing no neptunium. Selected reacted sorbent samples were analyzed by x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) to determine the oxidation state and molecular speciation of the adsorbed neptunium. Results have been used to establish the pH adsorption edge of neptunium on goethite in sodium chloride and calcium-bearing sodium silicate solutions. The results indicate that neptunium uptake on goethite reaches 95% at a pH of approximately 7 and begins to decrease at pH values greater than 8.5. Distribution coefficients for neptunium sorption range from less than 1000 (moles/kg)sorbed / (moles/kg)solution at pH less than 5.0 to greater than 10,000 (moles/kg)sorbed / (moles/kg)solution at pH greater than 7.0. Distribution coefficients as high as 100,000 (moles/kg)sorbed / (moles/kg)solution were recorded for the tests done in calcite equilibrated sodium silicate solutions. XAS results show that neptunium complexes with the goethite surface mainly as Np(V) (although Np(IV) is prevalent in some of the longer-duration sorption tests). The neptunium adsorbed to goethite shows Np-O bond length of approximately 1.8 angstroms which is representative of the Np-O axial bond in the neptunyl(V) complex. This neptunyl(V) ion is coordinated to 5 or 6 equatorial oxygens with Np-O bond lengths of 2.45 angstroms. The absence of a clearly recognizable Np-Fe interaction for the sodium chloride sorption tests suggests that neptunium in these solutions adsorbs as an outer-sphere complex. XAS results from the calcium-bearing sodium silicate sorption tests show evidence for a neptunyl(V) inner-sphere surface complex with a Np-Fe interaction at 3.5 angstroms. Desorption tests indicate that samples in which neptunium is bound as inner-sphere complexes show significant sorption hysteresis relative to samples in which neptunium is bound largely as outer-sphere complexes.

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