Brain tissue osmolality after middle cerebral artery occlusion in cats

1982 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 599-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Matsuoka ◽  
K.-A. Hossmann
Keyword(s):  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Cerebral Artery Occlusion ◽  
Tissue Osmolality

scholarly journals Brain Tissue Concentrations of ATP, Phosphocreatine, Lactate, and Tissue pH in Relation to Reduced Cerebral Blood Flow following Experimental Acute Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 866-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. P. Obrenovitch ◽  
O. Garofalo ◽  
R. J. Harris ◽  
L. Bordi ◽  
M. Ono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Tissue Ph ◽  
Focal Ischaemia ◽  
Cerebral Artery Occlusion

Local CBF (LCBF) was compared with the corresponding local tissue concentration of ATP, phosphocreatine (PCr), and lactate in anaesthetized baboons subjected to focal ischaemia produced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). LCBF hydrogen electrodes were implanted in cortical regions where MCAO had been previously shown to produce severe and penumbral ischaemia and in posterior regions where blood flow is not altered. Metabolites were assayed in small tissue samples collected either by cryoprobe biopsy in the regions where LCBFs were measured (series 1) or by sampling appropriate regions of the rapidly frozen brain (series 2). Subsequent topographical study of brain tissue pH with umbelliferone was performed in this latter series. The results from these two series are compared and discussed in terms of the more appropriate way to perform simultaneous electrode measurements and analysis of tissue samples for studying focal ischaemia in the primate brain. They confirm that the concentrations of ATP and PCr decrease, and that lactate level increases, with decreasing blood flow. These metabolites tended to change more rapidly below a blood flow threshold, rather than showing a steady decrease as the blood flow was reduced, although the variability of the data precluded us from establishing this with confidence. Topographical study of tissue pH often showed sharp boundaries between zones of very low pH and regions with normal pH.

scholarly journals Cortical Impedance and Extracellular Volume Changes following Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Cats

1982 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 466-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Matsuoka ◽  
K.-A. Hossmann
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Extracellular Space ◽  
Extracellular Volume ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Volume Changes ◽  
Cerebral Artery Occlusion ◽  
Tissue Osmolality

In 30 adult cats, anesthetized with nitrous oxide and halothane, the middle cerebral artery was occluded using a transorbital approach. Extracellular volume changes were assessed by recording cortical impedance, and correlated with blood flow, tissue osmolality, and water and electrolyte content of brain tissue. Following middle cerebral artery occlusion, cortical impedance, after a free interval of about 1 min, sharply increased and after 30 to 60 min gradually stabilized between 180 and 200% of control. Calculated extracellular fluid volume decreased from 23.8 ± 1.2 to 13.1 ± 1.0% after 1 h and to 12.5 ± 1.0% after 2 h of ischemia. Shortly after middle cerebral artery occlusion, extracellular volume shifts correlated with blood flow over a range from 3 to 50 ml/100 g/min. Two hours later, a threshold-like dependency existed: below 25 ml/100 g/min extracellular space was reduced to about 50% of control; above 32 ml/100 g/min extracellular space was normal. Non-threshold correlations existed between extracellular space, tissue osmolality, and the electroencephalogram. Final water content of brain tissue correlated with the size of the extracellular space after 15 min, but not after 2 h of ischemia. This indicates that the narrowing of the extracellular compartment and ischemic brain edema are relatively independent consequences of cerebral ischemia.

scholarly journals Reperfusion-Induced Temporary Appearance of Therapeutic Window in Penumbra after 2 h of Photothrombotic Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Rats

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Yao ◽  
Narihiko Yoshii ◽  
Toshiaki Akira ◽  
Tatsuo Nakahara
Keyword(s):  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Ischemic Injury ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Ischemic Core ◽  
Cerebral Artery Occlusion

To explore the effects of reperfusion on evolution of focal ischemic injury, spontaneously hypertensive male rats were subjected to photothrombotic distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) with or without YAG laser-induced reperfusion. The volume of fodrin breakdown zone, water content, and brain tissue levels of sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) were measured in the ischemic core and penumbra. Reperfusion attenuated fodrin breakdown, and the volume containing fodrin breakdown product at 3 h after reperfusion (5 h after MCAO) (30±7 mm3) was significantly smaller than the 42±3 mm3 of the permanent occlusion group. After 3 to 6 h of ischemia, Na+ increased, and K+ decreased in the ischemic core. Reperfusion after 2 h of MCA occlusion did not mitigate the ischemia-induced changes in brain tissue electrolytes and water content at 3 to 6 h of ischemia. Even in reperfusion after comparatively long periods of occlusion where brain infarction size, assessed 3 days after MCAO, was not significantly reduced by reperfusion, and the precipitating indicators of the ischemic core (Na+, K+, water content) did not improve, temporary improvement or a delay in progression of ischemic injury was discernible in the penumbra. These results indicate the possibility that treatment with reperfusion is permissive to the effects of neuroprotection.

Comparison of the Effect of Etomidate and Desflurane on Brain Tissue Gases and pH during Prolonged Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion 

1998 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 1188-1194 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. Hoffman ◽  
Fady T. Charbel ◽  
Guy Edelman ◽  
Mukesh Misra ◽  
James I. Ausman
Keyword(s):  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Tissue Po2 ◽  
Brain Tissue Oxygen Pressure ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Pressure ◽  
End Tidal ◽  
Cerebral Artery Occlusion

Background The authors compared the effects of etomidate and desflurane on brain tissue oxygen pressure (PO2), carbon dioxide pressure (PCO2), and pH in patients who had middle cerebral artery occlusion for > 15 min. Methods After a craniotomy, a probe that measures PO2, PCO2, and pH was inserted into cortical tissue at risk for ischemia during middle cerebral artery occlusion. A burst suppression pattern of the electroencephalogram was induced with etomidate (n = 6) or 9% end-tidal desflurane (n = 6) started before middle cerebral artery occlusion. Mean blood pressure was supported with phenylephrine to 90-95 mmHg. Results During baseline conditions, tissue PO2, PCO2, and pH were similar between the two groups (PO2 = 15 mmHg, PCO2 = 60 mmHg, pH = 7.1). During administration of etomidate before middle cerebral artery occlusion, tissue PO2 decreased in five of six patients without a change in PCO2 or pH. During administration of 9% desflurane, tissue PO2 and pH increased before middle cerebral artery clipping. Middle cerebral artery occlusion for an average of 33 min with etomidate and 37 min with desflurane produced a decrease in pH with etomidate (7.09 to 6.63, P < 0.05) but not with desflurane (7.12 to 7.15). Conclusion These results suggest that tissue hypoxia and acidosis are often observed during etomidate treatment and middle cerebral artery occlusion. Treatment with desflurane significantly increases tissue PO2 alone and attenuates acidotic changes to prolonged middle cerebral artery occlusion.

Brain Tissue Water Uptake after Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Assessed with CT

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imanuel Dzialowski ◽  
Johannes Weber ◽  
Arnd Doerfler ◽  
Michael Forsting ◽  
R��diger Kummer
Keyword(s):  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Tissue Water ◽  
Cerebral Artery Occlusion

Expression of neurocan after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in adult rat brain

2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. S217-S217
Author(s):  
Kentaro Deguchi ◽  
Mikiro Takaishi ◽  
Takeshi Hayashi ◽  
Atsuhiko Oohira ◽  
Shoko Nagotani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Adult Rat Brain ◽  
Cerebral Artery Occlusion
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