Coalescing filters — reduced operating costs and greatly extended service life

The scientific work is devoted to the prospect of using frost-resistant solar modules with extended service life of various designs for energy supply of infrastructure facilities of the Arctic zone of Russia. The general characteristic of the region under consideration is given, and its energy specifics, directions of energy development based on renewable energy sources are considered. In the work, frost-resistant planar photovoltaic modules and solar roofing panels with an extended service life for power supply of objects are proposed. For simultaneous heat and electrical generation, frost-resistant planar photovoltaic thermal roofing panels and concentrator solar installation with high-voltage matrix solar modules with a voltage of 1000 V and an electrical efficiency of up to 28% are proposed. The considered solar modules have an extended rated power period due to the use of the technology of sealing solar cells with a two-component polysiloxane compound and are able to work effectively at large negative ambient temperatures and large ranges of its fluctuations.

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Groundwater resources of the Republic of Belarus: Problems and solutions

Gornyi Zhurnal ◽

10.17580/gzh.2020.11.09 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 61-66

Author(s):

O. V. Nemerovets ◽

◽

Yu. A. Medvedeva ◽

Keyword(s):

Water Resources ◽

Service Life ◽

Mineral Water ◽

Groundwater Resources ◽

Underground Water ◽

Operating Costs ◽

Silicon Compounds ◽

Quality Of Water ◽

The Republic ◽

Filter Clogging

The quantity and quality of water resources determines sustainable development of any country, as well as the standard of living and the health of the population. According to the national water cadastre, in 2009, 2.35 million m3 of water per day was taken from 20 thousand production wells in Belarus. The Republic of Belarus has significant mineral water resources, and there are 224 wells with mineral water on its territory. There are 130 wells in operation, and 94 wells are reserve wells. Drinking water supply in the Republic of Belarus is mostly based on the use of underground sources, with the exception of the cities of Minsk and Gomel, which makes it possible to obtain better and cleaner water than water from surface sources. At the same time, a significant part of wells operate at lower rate due to the phenomena of mechanical, biological and chemical clogging. Chemical clogging is an unavoidable process. Even with high-quality drilling operations, during well operation, due to the appearance of hydrodynamic disturbances in the reservoir, the gas equilibrium in underground water is shifted, which results in precipitation of hard-to-dissolve iron, calcium, manganese, and silicon compounds on the filter and in the filter zone. The analysis of the service life of water intake wells has shown that the main causes of their failure are filter clogging and sanding. The service life of most wells, even if mudding sediments are removed by the known methods, is never longer than 16–20 years. Operation of inefficient wells, their subsequent abandonment and re-drilling require significant financial resources. Currently, outdated wells are being designed and constructed at water intakes in the Republic of Belarus. They are insufficiently maintainable and short-lived, have a significant cost and high operating costs for lifting water. One of the ways to solve the problem is to build wells with annular systems of circulating reagent regeneration and replaceable filters to provide a significant increase in resource, stability of flow rate and reduction in operating costs. This will allow us to modernize water intakes of underground water by switching to wells of new designs and to reach a better level in ground water production.

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Specification for Preformed Retroreflective Pavement Marking Tape for Extended Service Life

10.1520/d4505-01a ◽

2001 ◽

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Service Life ◽

Pavement Marking ◽

Extended Service

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Methodical approach to forecasting costs for updating and using arms and military equipment park

Military Technical Collection ◽

10.33577/2312-4458.24.2021.37-45 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 37-45

Author(s):

Oleksii Leontiev ◽

Maryna Naumenko

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Service Life ◽

Failure Rate ◽

Methodological Approach ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Operating Costs ◽

Residual Service Life ◽

Purchase Price ◽

Military Equipment ◽

The Cost

A methodological approach to forecasting the cost costs at the main stages of the life cycle of a sample of weapons and military equipment, as one of the most important carriers of the capabilities of military organizational-staff formations, is proposed, which is carried out when substantiating measures for developing the capabilities of troops in the course of long-term and medium-term defense planning. The methodological approach is based on the use of the concept of a typical distribution of the cost of the life cycle of a sample by stages and stages, which allows in a formalized form to link costs at each stage of the purchase price of a serial product of a sample of weapons and military equipment of a specific type and type, taking into account the choice of a specific way of obtaining weapons and military equipment. It is proposed to forecast the volume of necessary costs at the stage of operation and support, taking into account the uneven distribution of these costs during this stage of the life cycle of a separate product. For this, it is proposed to divide the entire period of the duration of the operation stage into two main parts. The first part corresponds to the operating conditions of the product with a constant failure rate of the equipment after the completion of a short running-in process, and the operating costs per unit of time on it are considered the same throughout its duration. A formalized expression is proposed for obtaining the predicted value of these costs depending on the purchase price of the product. In the second part of the period of operation and support of a product of weapons and military equipment, operating costs per unit of time change over time according to an exponential law, reflecting the fact that operating costs increase with an increase in the failure rate as it approaches the assigned service life, which corresponds to the laws, known from the general theory of reliability of technology. The specifics of forecasting the costs of operation and support of a product obtained by import and which has already been in operation and has a residual service life have been determined.

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