Relation between fuel properties and chemical composition. 1. Jet fuels from coal, oil shale and tar sands

Fuel ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 57 (9) ◽  
pp. 521-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
J SOLASH ◽  
R HAZLETT ◽  
J HALL ◽  
C NOWACK
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Oil Shale ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Jet Fuels ◽  
Tar Sands

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Fuel Properties of Alternative Jet Fuels

BioResources ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anamaria P. P. Pires ◽  
Yinglei Han ◽  
John Kramlich ◽  
Manuel Garcia-Perez
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Jet Fuels

scholarly journals Review on the Relationship Between Liquid Aerospace Fuel Composition and Their Physicochemical Properties

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Wang ◽  
Tinghao Jia ◽  
Lun Pan ◽  
Qing Liu ◽  
Yunming Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Hydrocarbon Fuels ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Fuel Composition

AbstractThe development of advanced air transportation has raised new demands for high-performance liquid hydrocarbon fuels. However, the measurement of fuel properties is time-consuming, cost-intensive, and limited to the operating conditions. The physicochemical properties of aerospace fuels are directly influenced by chemical composition. Thus, a thorough investigation should be conducted on the inherent relationship between fuel properties and composition for the design and synthesis of high-grade fuels and the prediction of fuel properties in the future. This work summarized the effects of fuel composition and hydrocarbon molecular structure on the fuel physicochemical properties, including density, net heat of combustion (NHOC), low-temperature fluidity (viscosity and freezing point), flash point, and thermal-oxidative stability. Several correlations and predictions of fuel properties from chemical composition were reviewed. Additionally, we correlated the fuel properties with hydrogen/carbon molar ratios (nH/C) and molecular weight (M). The results from the least-square method implicate that the coupling of H/C molar ratio and M is suitable for the estimation of density, NHOC, viscosity and effectiveness for the design, manufacture, and evaluation of aviation hydrocarbon fuels.

scholarly journals Identification and Quantification of Hydrocarbon Functional Groups in Gasoline Using 1H-NMR Spectroscopy for Property Prediction

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (22) ◽  
pp. 6989
Author(s):  
Abdul Gani Abdul Jameel
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Octane Number ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Hydrocarbon Fuel ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Finite Set ◽  
Si Engines ◽  
Identification And Quantification

Gasoline is one of the most important distillate fuels obtained from crude refining; it is mainly used as an automotive fuel to propel spark-ignited (SI) engines. It is a complex hydrocarbon fuel that is known to possess several hundred individual molecules of varying sizes and chemical classes. These large numbers of individual molecules can be assembled into a finite set of molecular moieties or functional groups that can independently represent the chemical composition. Identification and quantification of groups enables the prediction of many fuel properties that otherwise may be difficult and expensive to measure experimentally. In the present work, high resolution 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, an advanced structure elucidation technique, was employed for the molecular characterization of a gasoline sample in order to analyze the functional groups. The chemical composition of the gasoline sample was then expressed using six hydrocarbon functional groups, as follows: paraffinic groups (CH, CH2 and CH3), naphthenic CH-CH2 groups and aromatic C-CH groups. The obtained functional groups were then used to predict a number of fuel properties, including research octane number (RON), motor octane number (MON), derived cetane number (DCN), threshold sooting index (TSI) and yield sooting index (YSI).

From tar sands to synthetic crude: Applications of microscopy

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 938-939
Author(s):  
R.J. Mikula ◽  
V.A. Munoz
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Optical Microscopy ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Dispersed Phase ◽  
Tar Sands ◽  
Initial Separation ◽  
Complex Process

The production of synthetic crude oil from tar sands is a complex process involving initial separation of the bitumen from the sand via the hot water process, separation of the bitumen from the water and finally coking of the residual bitumen to maximize the yield of crude oil. Many of the processing concerns center around decreasing the amount of water and clay which is carried with the bitumen product and decreasing the amount of bitumen which is carried with the water, sand and clay tailings. The crude oil yield in the final coking step is then dependent upon the efficiency of these preliminary steps as well as the coking conditions.Both electron and optical microscopy have important applications in understanding these systems. Direct observation of frozen hydrated samples in the electron microscope has been utilized for evaluation of both the size distribution of the dispersed phase and the chemical composition.

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