scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Fuel Properties of Alternative Jet Fuels

BioResources ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anamaria P. P. Pires ◽  
Yinglei Han ◽  
John Kramlich ◽  
Manuel Garcia-Perez
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Jet Fuels

Relation between fuel properties and chemical composition. 1. Jet fuels from coal, oil shale and tar sands

Fuel ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 57 (9) ◽  
pp. 521-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
J SOLASH ◽  
R HAZLETT ◽  
J HALL ◽  
C NOWACK
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Oil Shale ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Jet Fuels ◽  
Tar Sands

scholarly journals Review on the Relationship Between Liquid Aerospace Fuel Composition and Their Physicochemical Properties

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Wang ◽  
Tinghao Jia ◽  
Lun Pan ◽  
Qing Liu ◽  
Yunming Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Hydrocarbon Fuels ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Fuel Composition

AbstractThe development of advanced air transportation has raised new demands for high-performance liquid hydrocarbon fuels. However, the measurement of fuel properties is time-consuming, cost-intensive, and limited to the operating conditions. The physicochemical properties of aerospace fuels are directly influenced by chemical composition. Thus, a thorough investigation should be conducted on the inherent relationship between fuel properties and composition for the design and synthesis of high-grade fuels and the prediction of fuel properties in the future. This work summarized the effects of fuel composition and hydrocarbon molecular structure on the fuel physicochemical properties, including density, net heat of combustion (NHOC), low-temperature fluidity (viscosity and freezing point), flash point, and thermal-oxidative stability. Several correlations and predictions of fuel properties from chemical composition were reviewed. Additionally, we correlated the fuel properties with hydrogen/carbon molar ratios (nH/C) and molecular weight (M). The results from the least-square method implicate that the coupling of H/C molar ratio and M is suitable for the estimation of density, NHOC, viscosity and effectiveness for the design, manufacture, and evaluation of aviation hydrocarbon fuels.

scholarly journals Identification and Quantification of Hydrocarbon Functional Groups in Gasoline Using 1H-NMR Spectroscopy for Property Prediction

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (22) ◽  
pp. 6989
Author(s):  
Abdul Gani Abdul Jameel
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Octane Number ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Hydrocarbon Fuel ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Finite Set ◽  
Si Engines ◽  
Identification And Quantification

Gasoline is one of the most important distillate fuels obtained from crude refining; it is mainly used as an automotive fuel to propel spark-ignited (SI) engines. It is a complex hydrocarbon fuel that is known to possess several hundred individual molecules of varying sizes and chemical classes. These large numbers of individual molecules can be assembled into a finite set of molecular moieties or functional groups that can independently represent the chemical composition. Identification and quantification of groups enables the prediction of many fuel properties that otherwise may be difficult and expensive to measure experimentally. In the present work, high resolution 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, an advanced structure elucidation technique, was employed for the molecular characterization of a gasoline sample in order to analyze the functional groups. The chemical composition of the gasoline sample was then expressed using six hydrocarbon functional groups, as follows: paraffinic groups (CH, CH2 and CH3), naphthenic CH-CH2 groups and aromatic C-CH groups. The obtained functional groups were then used to predict a number of fuel properties, including research octane number (RON), motor octane number (MON), derived cetane number (DCN), threshold sooting index (TSI) and yield sooting index (YSI).

Pyrolyzed Waste Engine Oil Properties by Microwave-Induced Reactor

2014 ◽  
Vol 625 ◽  
pp. 673-676
Author(s):  
Noridah Binti Osman ◽  
Yoshimitsu Uemura ◽  
Hafizah Afif ◽  
Ahmad H. Rajab Aljuboori
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Electric Heating ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Particulate Carbon ◽  
Engine Oils ◽  
Waste Engine Oil ◽  
By Products ◽  
Lower Production

This study investigates the properties of pyrolyzed waste engine oil to determine the fuel properties for recycling purpose. Waste engine oil was pyrolyzed in a microwave-induced pyrolyzer at 400 °C under vacuum and the N2 was used to purge the pyrolysis zone to minimize O2. The fresh and waste engine oils were pyrolyzed and determined it by-products yield, and then the original and pyrolyzed waste engine oils were analyzed its chemical composition for their fuel properties following the standard method. The by-products fuel-related properties obtained from the only waste engine oil were comparable to those mixing oil with particulate carbon and different media of microwave and conventional electric heating reactors. In term of its feasibility application to energy and chemical industries this finding could be better with lower production cost.

Evaluating Effects of Fuel Properties on Smoke Emissions

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meor Ruslan ◽  
Ihab Ahmed ◽  
Bhupendra Khandelwal
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Reasoning ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Jet Fuel ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Jet Fuels ◽  
Smoke Emission ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Carbon Mass

Volatile oil price and environmental impact of conventional jet fuel are key motivators towards the proposing of alternative jet fuels. This article introduces and establishes a relationship between jet fuel properties/composition and smoke emission. It is an important and comprehensive task as it underlines the base references and scientific reasoning on fuel compositions / properties; very few, if any, studies have investigated the effects of each of the properties/ compositions on smoke emissions. Two sets of fuels were tested on small re-commissioned Honeywell GTCP85 APU gas turbine Engine. The first set was consisted of 8 novel fuels, while the second was a blend of varied percentages of Jet A-1 and other alternative fuel. This is to provide a wide range of properties and compositions. The results were compared to those of Jet A-1on the same platform (Honeywell GTCP85 APU). It was observed that not all fuel compositions/properties have the same effects on the smoke number. Some of them such as: Specific Energy, Kinematic, viscosity, Biphenyls, monocycloparaffin, AlkylBenzene, Fluorenes, Distillation temp (90%), Carbon (%mass), Naphthalene, Composite Density, Benzocycloparaffin, Density at 15C°, Aromatics (%Vol) and Net heat of Combustion have a clear direct effect on the smoke number, while others such as iso-paraffin and flashpoint have a reduced impact on smoke number. This data shall be used to predict the effect of certain composition/ property on the smoke emission, thus it could be avoided or to be taking into considerations when producing or using new alternative fuels.

scholarly journals Production of Bio-Oil from Municipal Solid Waste by Pyrolysis

1970 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Saiful Islam ◽  
M Yunus Miah ◽  
Mohammad Ismail ◽  
Mohammad Shah Jamal ◽  
Sujit Kumar Banik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Tubular Reactor ◽  
Gaseous Mixture ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Pyrolytic Oil ◽  
Oil Fuel

Municipal solid waste was pyrolyzed in a tubular reactor under vacuum. The effect of pyrolysis temperature and holding time on the product yields were investigated and the optimum conditions for pyrolysis were settled. The products of the pyrolysis were liquid pyrolytic oil, solid char and gaseous mixture. The pyro-oil was collected in a series of ice-cooled collectors. The uncondensed gas was blown off and the solid char was collected from the pyrolyser as a residue. The pyro-oil was then analyzed for fuel properties and chemical composition. The experimental result of gas chromatography & mass spectroscopy showed that the pyro-oil derived from the pyrolysis of municipal solid waste contained considerable amounts of carbonyl groups and/or oxygen content, resulting in low pH and low heating value. Key words: Municipal solid waste; Pyrolysis; Yield; Pyrolytic oil; Fuel properties; Chemical composition DOI: 10.3329/bjsir.v45i2.5703Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 45(2), 91-94, 2010

scholarly journals Conversion of poplar biomass into high-energy density tricyclic sesquiterpene jet fuel blendstocks

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gina M. Geiselman ◽  
James Kirby ◽  
Alexander Landera ◽  
Peter Otoupal ◽  
Gabriella Papa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Jet Fuel ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Aviation Fuel ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Jet Fuels

Abstract Background In an effort to ensure future energy security, reduce greenhouse gas emissions and create domestic jobs, the US has invested in technologies to develop sustainable biofuels and bioproducts from renewable carbon sources such as lignocellulosic biomass. Bio-derived jet fuel is of particular interest as aviation is less amenable to electrification compared to other modes of transportation and synthetic biology provides the ability to tailor fuel properties to enhance performance. Specific energy and energy density are important properties in determining the attractiveness of potential bio-derived jet fuels. For example, increased energy content can give the industry options such as longer range, higher load or reduced takeoff weight. Energy-dense sesquiterpenes have been identified as potential next-generation jet fuels that can be renewably produced from lignocellulosic biomass. Results We developed a biomass deconstruction and conversion process that enabled the production of two tricyclic sesquiterpenes, epi-isozizaene and prespatane, from the woody biomass poplar using the versatile basidiomycete Rhodosporidium toruloides. We demonstrated terpene production at both bench and bioreactor scales, with prespatane titers reaching 1173.6 mg/L when grown in poplar hydrolysate in a 2 L bioreactor. Additionally, we examined the theoretical fuel properties of prespatane and epi-isozizaene in their hydrogenated states as blending options for jet fuel, and compared them to aviation fuel, Jet A. Conclusion Our findings indicate that prespatane and epi-isozizaene in their hydrogenated states would be attractive blending options in Jet A or other lower density renewable jet fuels as they would improve viscosity and increase their energy density. Saturated epi-isozizaene and saturated prespatane have energy densities that are 16.6 and 18.8% higher than Jet A, respectively. These results highlight the potential of R. toruloides as a production host for the sustainable and scalable production of bio-derived jet fuel blends, and this is the first report of prespatane as an alternative jet fuel.

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