Brain MRI findings and cognitive impairment in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis treatment

The objective of this study was to compare specific brain MRI anatomic measurements between three groups of geriatric ( > 8yrs) dogs: 1) neurologically impaired dogs with presumptive spontaneous brain microhemorrhages and no clinical evidence of canine cognitive dysfunction 2) dogs with canine cognitive dysfunction 3) dogs without clinical evidence of cognitive impairment or abnormalities on neurologic examination (control dogs). MR images from 46 geriatric dogs were reviewed and measurements were obtained of interthalamic adhesion height (thickness) and mid-sagittal interthalamic adhesion area for all dogs, in addition to total brain volume. Interthalamic adhesion measurements, either absolute or normalized to total brain volume were compared between groups. Signalment (age, breed, sex), body weight, presence and number of SBMs, as well as other abnormal MRI findings were recorded for all dogs. All interthalamic adhesion measurement parameters were significantly (p<0.05) different between control dogs and affected dogs. Both dogs with cognitive dysfunction (12/13; 92 %) and dogs with isolated brain microhemorrhages had more microhemorrhages than control dogs (3/19; 16%). Affected dogs without cognitive dysfunction had more microhemorrhages than dogs with cognitive dysfunction. In addition to signs of cognitive impairment for the CCD group, main clinical complaints for SBM and CCD dogs were referable to central vestibular dysfunction, recent-onset seizure activity, or both. Geriatric dogs with spontaneous brain microhemorrhages without cognitive dysfunction have similar MRI abnormalities as dogs with cognitive dysfunction but may represent a distinct diseasecategory.

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Presumptive spontaneous brain microhemorrhages in geriatric dogs: a comparative retrospective MRI study of dogs with and without evidence of canine cognitive dysfunction

10.7287/peerj.preprints.27868v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Curtis W Dewey ◽

Mark Rishniw ◽

Philippa J Johnson ◽

Emma S Davies ◽

Joseph J Sackman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Cognitive Dysfunction ◽

Clinical Evidence ◽

Brain Volume ◽

Brain Mri ◽

Mri Findings ◽

Total Brain Volume ◽

Recent Onset ◽

Total Brain ◽

Mri Study

The objective of this study was to compare specific brain MRI anatomic measurements between three groups of geriatric ( > 8yrs) dogs: 1) neurologically impaired dogs with presumptive spontaneous brain microhemorrhages and no clinical evidence of canine cognitive dysfunction 2) dogs with canine cognitive dysfunction 3) dogs without clinical evidence of cognitive impairment or abnormalities on neurologic examination (control dogs). MR images from 46 geriatric dogs were reviewed and measurements were obtained of interthalamic adhesion height (thickness) and mid-sagittal interthalamic adhesion area for all dogs, in addition to total brain volume. Interthalamic adhesion measurements, either absolute or normalized to total brain volume were compared between groups. Signalment (age, breed, sex), body weight, presence and number of SBMs, as well as other abnormal MRI findings were recorded for all dogs. All interthalamic adhesion measurement parameters were significantly (p<0.05) different between control dogs and affected dogs. Both dogs with cognitive dysfunction (12/13; 92 %) and dogs with isolated brain microhemorrhages had more microhemorrhages than control dogs (3/19; 16%). Affected dogs without cognitive dysfunction had more microhemorrhages than dogs with cognitive dysfunction. In addition to signs of cognitive impairment for the CCD group, main clinical complaints for SBM and CCD dogs were referable to central vestibular dysfunction, recent-onset seizure activity, or both. Geriatric dogs with spontaneous brain microhemorrhages without cognitive dysfunction have similar MRI abnormalities as dogs with cognitive dysfunction but may represent a distinct diseasecategory.

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[P3-377]: BRAIN MRI FINDINGS WHICH MAY PREDICT PROGRESSION OF MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT

Alzheimer s & Dementia ◽

10.1016/j.jalz.2017.06.1593 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (7S_Part_23) ◽

pp. P1103-P1104

Author(s):

Eric M. Peters ◽

Udochukwu Uyoyo ◽

Daniel Kido ◽

Adina Achiriloaie

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Brain Mri ◽

Mri Findings

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Brain MRI-findings in Ph - negative myeloproliferative disorders

Terapevticheskii arkhiv ◽

10.26442/00403660.2019.07.000329 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 91 (7) ◽

pp. 29-34 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M M Tanashyan ◽

A L Melikyan ◽

P I Kuznetsova ◽

A A Raskurazhev ◽

A A Shabalina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cerebrovascular Disease ◽

Sinus Thrombosis ◽

Cerebral Arteries ◽

Brain Mri ◽

Myeloproliferative Disorders ◽

Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis ◽

Mri Findings ◽

Cerebral Lesions ◽

Cerebrovascular Pathology ◽

Underlying Mechanisms

Myeloproliferative disorders (MPD) are accompanied by a high proportion of thrombotic complications, which may lead to cerebrovascular disease (CVD). Aim. To describe MRI-findings in patients with Ph - negative MPD and evaluate any cerebrovascular disease. Materials and methods. We included 104 patients with Ph - negative MPD (age varied between 20 and 58) with clinical correlates of cerebrovascular pathology. Results. Brain MRI showed post - stroke lesions in 20% of patients (7 hemispheric infarcts due to thrombotic occlusion of one of the large cerebral arteries, 14 - cortical infarcts). 37 patients (36%) had vascular cerebral lesions. Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis occurred in 5 patients - in 7% (n=3) of patients with polycythemia vera and 5% (n=2) - in patients with essential thrombocythemia. The incidence of vascular cerebral lesions was associated with higher levels of the following: erythrocyte, platelet count, fibrinogen, and with the decrease in fibrinolytic activity, as well. Conclusion. The pioneering results of the study include the description and analysis of brain MRI-findings in patients with Ph - negative MPD. The underlying mechanisms of cerebrovascular pathology in these patients are associated with certain blood alterations (particularly, hemorheology) which present a major risk factor.

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Comparisons of clinical characteristics, brain MRI findings, and responses to epidural blood patch between spontaneous intracranial hypotension and post-dural puncture headache: retrospective study

BMC Neurology ◽

10.1186/s12883-021-02279-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Gha-Hyun Lee ◽

Jiyoung Kim ◽

Hyun-Woo Kim ◽

Jae Wook Cho

Keyword(s):

Intracranial Hypotension ◽

Dural Puncture ◽

Epidural Blood Patch ◽

Brain Mri ◽

Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension ◽

Vein Of Galen ◽

Mri Findings ◽

Post Dural Puncture Headache ◽

Straight Sinus ◽

Blood Patch

Abstract Background Spontaneous intracranial hypotension and post-dural puncture headache are both caused by a loss of cerebrospinal fluid but present with different pathogeneses. We compared these two conditions concerning their clinical characteristics, brain imaging findings, and responses to epidural blood patch treatment. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients with intracranial hypotension admitted to the Neurology ward of the Pusan National University Hospital between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2019, and collected information regarding age, sex, disease duration, hospital course, headache intensity, time to the appearance of a headache after sitting, associated phenomena (nausea, vomiting, auditory symptoms, dizziness), number of epidural blood patch treatments, and prognosis. The brain MRI signs of intracranial hypotension were recorded, including three qualitative signs (diffuse pachymeningeal enhancement, venous distention of the lateral sinus, subdural fluid collection), and six quantitative signs (pituitary height, suprasellar cistern, prepontine cistern, mamillopontine distance, the midbrain-pons angle, and the angle between the vein of Galen and the straight sinus). Results A total of 105 patients (61 spontaneous intracranial hypotension patients and 44 post-dural puncture headache patients) who met the inclusion criteria were reviewed. More patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension required epidural blood patch treatment than those with post-dural puncture headache (70.5% (43/61) vs. 45.5% (20/44); p = 0.01) and the spontaneous intracranial hypotension group included a higher proportion of patients who underwent epidural blood patch treatment more than once (37.7% (23/61) vs. 13.6% (6/44); p = 0.007). Brain MRI showed signs of intracranial hypotension in both groups, although the angle between the vein of Galen and the straight sinus was greater in the post-dural puncture headache group (median [95% Confidence Interval]: 85° [68°-79°] vs. 74° [76°-96°], p = 0.02). Conclusions Patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension received more epidural blood patch treatments and more often needed multiple epidural blood patch treatments. Although both groups showed similar brain MRI findings, the angle between the vein of Galen and the straight sinus differed significantly between the groups.

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Genetic Neonatal-Onset Epilepsies and Developmental/Epileptic Encephalopathies with Movement Disorders: A Systematic Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22084202 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (8) ◽

pp. 4202

Author(s):

Carlotta Spagnoli ◽

Carlo Fusco ◽

Antonio Percesepe ◽

Vincenzo Leuzzi ◽

Francesco Pisani

Keyword(s):

Movement Disorders ◽

Time Course ◽

Neonatal Period ◽

Age Of Onset ◽

Brain Mri ◽

Neonatal Seizure ◽

Mri Findings ◽

Epileptic Encephalopathies ◽

Pathogenic Variants ◽

Neonatal Onset

Despite expanding next generation sequencing technologies and increasing clinical interest into complex neurologic phenotypes associating epilepsies and developmental/epileptic encephalopathies (DE/EE) with movement disorders (MD), these monogenic conditions have been less extensively investigated in the neonatal period compared to infancy. We reviewed the medical literature in the study period 2000–2020 to report on monogenic conditions characterized by neonatal onset epilepsy and/or DE/EE and development of an MD, and described their electroclinical, genetic and neuroimaging spectra. In accordance with a PRISMA statement, we created a data collection sheet and a protocol specifying inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 28 different genes (from 49 papers) leading to neonatal-onset DE/EE with multiple seizure types, mainly featuring tonic and myoclonic, but also focal motor seizures and a hyperkinetic MD in 89% of conditions, with neonatal onset in 22%, were identified. Neonatal seizure semiology, or MD age of onset, were not always available. The rate of hypokinetic MD was low, and was described from the neonatal period only, with WW domain containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) pathogenic variants. The outcome is characterized by high rates of associated neurodevelopmental disorders and microcephaly. Brain MRI findings are either normal or nonspecific in most conditions, but serial imaging can be necessary in order to detect progressive abnormalities. We found high genetic heterogeneity and low numbers of described patients. Neurological phenotypes are complex, reflecting the involvement of genes necessary for early brain development. Future studies should focus on accurate neonatal epileptic phenotyping, and detailed description of semiology and time-course, of the associated MD, especially for the rarest conditions.

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Delayed post-hypoxic leukoencephalopathy: Case report

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1654 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (S1) ◽

pp. s839-s839 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. Solerdelcoll Arimany ◽

M. Garriga ◽

E. Parellada

Keyword(s):

Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽

Brain Mri ◽

Clinical History ◽

Good Prognosis ◽

Mri Findings ◽

The Mean ◽

Competing Interest ◽

Weighted Sequences ◽

Direct Toxicity ◽

Progressive Cognitive Impairment

IntroductionDelayed post-hypoxic leukoencephalopathy (DPHL) is an underrecognized syndrome of delayed demyelination, where patients manifest neuropsychiatric symptoms after a period of 2–40 days of apparent recovery from a cerebral hypo-oxygenation episode.ObjectivesWe report a case of a patient who successfully recovered from an overdose of heroin, but then suffered a delayed abrupt neurological deterioration.AimsTo improve assessment and recognition of DPHL.MethodsAn adequate retrospective collection of clinical data and nonsystematic review of the literature was performed.ResultsA 43-year-old male with schizoaffective disorder who attempted suicide with an overdose of heroin, was successfully revived and return to his previously mental status, but 3 weeks after, he abruptly developed progressive cognitive impairment with akinetic mutism and ataxia. He was admitted to our acute psychiatric unit after brain CT and chemistry analyses were unremarkable. Brain MRI showed diffusely symmetric hyperintensity in the white matter (WM), pronominally the periventricular WM, on FLAIR and T2 weighted sequences. At 16 weeks postoverdose, he presented improvement both cognitive and motor symptoms, lasting deficits in frontal-executive functions.DiscussionDPHL is characterized by similar clinical and neuroimaging features regardless of the initial insult. The mean lucid interval coincides with the replacement half-life for myelin related lipids and proteins. Prolonged mild-to-moderate hypo-oxygenation of WM is thought to disrupt myelin turnover. It appears probable that these were responsible for DPHL in our patient rather than a direct toxicity.ConclusionDPHL can be diagnosed when clinical history, laboratory assessments and MRI findings are concordant. DPHL requires extensive support care and carries a relatively good prognosis.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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