Effect of nasal installation of female urine or vaginal exudate on serum cortisol and prolactin levels in isolated and anesthetized male rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)

Life Sciences ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
pp. 825-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.A. Mora ◽  
S.García Castiñeiras ◽  
C. Ezquerra ◽  
S. Guisado
1980 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Jean Wickings ◽  
E. Nieschlag

Abstract. Adult male rhesus monkeys are aggressive animals and very difficult to handle. Hence experimental manipulations necessarily involve the use of restraint procedures, either chemical or physical, which may influence endocrine functions. Therefore, the effects of ketamine anaesthesia on basal hormone levels and on the pituitary response to LRH and TRH were investigated in 4 adult male rhesus monkeys. Values were compared to those obtained from the same animals restrained in primate chairs for approximately 48 h, a procedure to which they had been accustomed to over the preceding 6 months. Serum cortisol levels under anaesthesia were at all times lower than in conscious monkeys, but increased after 2 h to values twice as high as measured initially. Serum testosterone concentrations were not significantly different on the two occasions, but levels under anaesthesia were slightly higher initially than in the conscious monkeys, and decreased gradually over the 3 h test period. Initial prolactin levels were lower in the anaesthetized monkeys, and increased 2–3-fold after 90 min; values at 3 h were not significantly different from those in conscious monkeys. Intravenous TRH elicited a similar response in prolactin on both occasions, maximum values occurring after 15–30 min and returning to basal levels after 3 h. The maximum values attained and the area under the response curves were higher under anaesthesia. LRH stimulation resulted in a 15- and 30-fold increase in serum levels of biologically active LH, with and without anaesthesia, respectively. Basal levels were not significantly different on the two occasions. The area under the LH response curve was higher in 3 of the 4 monkeys without anaesthesia. The extent to which results in conscious monkeys are affected by stress is difficult to assess. Since neither handling technique allows for the collection of 'true' basal data, it is paramount to standardize and define the conditions under which experiments, and even routine blood sampling, are performed in male rhesus monkeys.


The work of Collings (1926), Allen (1927, 1928), Morrell (1930), and Parkes and Zuckerman (1931) on rhesus monkeys has established the fact that the brilliant coloration of the skin about the genitalia and the face, loosely referred to as the sex skin, and seen in both the female and male of this species, can be called forth by the administration of œstrous-producing hormone. Parkes and Zuckerman could not produce it in the case of one castrate male rhesus and a castrate female bonnet monkey. M. radiata , but they obtained in an ovariectomized baboon the full swelling seen during the follicular phase, and Dohrn, Hohlweg and Schoeller (1932, 1933) working with both male and female baboons and employing crystalline “ progynon,” were uniformly successful in eliciting a reaction, which in the male specimens of this species consisted of a remarkable œdema of the genitalia. In the present paper we should like to report our own experiments concerning this particular skin reaction to œstriol. Material and Technique Eight macaques, including one immature and four adolescent animals, were studied. Of the total, five were normal animals, four of these being males. The remaining three comprised one castrate male and two hypophysectomized-castrate females.


2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Kessler ◽  
Qian Wang ◽  
Antonietta M. Cerroni ◽  
Marc D. Grynpas ◽  
Olga D. Gonzalez Velez ◽  
...  

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