Investments strategies and the plant-location decision: Foreign companies in the United States

1990 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 126
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Claudio Katz

ResumoA validade de conceitos como Pos-liberalismo e "Consenso de mercadorias" é elucidada pela análise das mudanças na região. O capitalismo se espalhou na agricultura e mineração sublinhando a primazia das exportações básicas.A indústria tradicional retrocede frente fábricas exploradoras e aumenta a gravitação das remessas e do turismo.Estas tendências não foram alteradas pela crise global. A burguesia nacional foi substituída por mais capitalistas locais associados à empresas estrangeiras, enquanto o êxodo camponês consolidou a insegurança no trabalho, a pobreza e a desigualdade. Os Estados Unidos implementou tropas para reorganizar o seu domínio. Seus rivais europeus perdem terreno na área econômica e a China desafia nos negócios, mas não em uma preeminência político-militar. Com os projetos Tratado do Pacífico ressurgindo, governos de direita de livre comércio reaparecem. O NAFTA ilustra as consequências sociais de tais acordos, e da burguesia mexicana internacionaliza seus negócios. O Brasil lidera outro bloco com objetivos capitalistas mais autônomas de regionalismo. Ele age como um poder semi-periférico com atitudes ambivalentes em relação aos Estados Unidos. Estas vacilações têm levado à estagnação do MERCOSUL, apesar da nova intervenção geopolítica, como a Unasul e CELAC, patrocinada por presidentes de centro-esquerda. Argentina tem sido relegada e submetida a oscilações imprevisíveis.Palavras-ChaveAmérica Latina, crise, o neoliberalismo, reestruturação---ResumenLa validez de los conceptos Pos-liberalismo y “Consenso de commodities” se dilucida analizando las transformaciones de la región. El capitalismo se ha extendido en el agro y la minería acentuando la preeminencia de las exportaciones básicas. La industria tradicional retrocede frente a las maquilas y aumenta la gravitación de las remesas y el turismo. Estas tendencias no han sido modificadas por la crisis global. La burguesía nacional fue reemplazada por capitalistas locales más asociados con empresas extranjeras, mientras que el éxodo campesino consolida la precarización laboral, la pobreza y la desigualdad. Estados Unidos despliega tropas para reorganizar su dominación. Sus rivales europeos pierden terreno en la economía y China disputa negocios pero no preeminencia político-militar. Con el Tratado del Pacífico resurgen los proyectos de libre-comercio de los gobiernos derechistas. El NAFTA ilustra las consecuencias sociales de estos convenios, que la burguesía mexicana utiliza para internacionalizar sus negocios. Brasil encabeza otro bloque con metas más autónomas de regionalismo capitalista. Actúa como sub-potencia semiperiférica con posturas ambivalentes frente a Estados Unidos. Estas vacilaciones han conducido al estancamiento del MERCOSUR, a pesar de la nueva intervención geopolítica de UNASUR y CELAC, auspiciada por los presidentes de centroizquierda. Argentina ha quedado relegada y sujeta a imprevisibles vaivenes.Palabras clavesAmérica Latina, crisis, neoliberalismo, reestructuración.---AbstractThe validity of concepts such as Pos-liberalism and "Consensus of commodities" is elucidated by analyzing the changes in the region. Capitalism has spread in agriculture and mining industries emphasizing the primacy of the basic exports. The traditional industry fell off the maquilas and gravitated towards remittances and tourism. These trends have not been changed by the global crisis. The national bourgeoisie was replaced by more local capitalists associated with foreign companies, while the peasant exodus consolidated job insecurity, poverty and inequality. United States deployed troops to reorganize its domination. Their european rivals have been losing ground in the economic area and China challenges in business but not in a political-military preeminence. With the Treaty Pacific projects resurfacing, free-trade right-wing governments reappear. The NAFTA illustrates the social consequences of these agreements, and the mexican bourgeoisie internationalize their business. Brazil leads another block with more autonomous capitalist goals of regionalism. It acts as a semi-peripheral power with ambivalent attitudes toward the United States. These vacillations have led to the stagnation of MERCOSUL, despite the new geopolitical intervention, such as UNASUR and CELAC, sponsored by the center-left presidents. Argentina has been relegated and subjected to unpredictable swings.Key-WordsLatin America, crisis, neoliberalism, restructuring 


2021 ◽  
pp. 200-205
Author(s):  
Kieron O’Hara

This chapter examines the flow of data across borders, in order to support the digital economy. Governments are increasingly treating data as a national asset, which will give economic advantages to foreign companies, while compromising the privacy of citizens. India and other nations in the developing world are concerned that they will be reduced to providing data as raw material and will be forced to import high-value services from tech companies in the United States and China, rather than developing their own digital economies. Initiatives using World Trade Organization agreements to coordinate global trade in data, supported by China and the United States, are examined, but they have not persuaded sceptics, leading to accusations of neo-colonialism. India is leading the holdouts, which may influence the Internet’s future. The ideologies underlying the Four Internets are compared with respect to their views of flows of data.


Subject Chinese FDI into Europe. Significance China's hosting of the G20 summit on September 4-5 came as it is recalibrating its foreign economic strategy, becoming a major investor in the West and particularly the EU. With a few notable exceptions, EU governments have been keen to encourage those investments. Impacts While China will continue to relax restrictions on investments into its domestic economy, it is unlikely to reciprocate fully to the EU. Sectors China considers strategic, including defence equipment and infrastructure, will remain out of bounds to foreign companies. Concerns about the geostrategic risk of Chinese investments appear to resonate more strongly in Australia and the United States than the EU.


Subject Cuba extractive opportunities. Significance US President Barack Obama's recent visit to Cuba has increased hopes of an economic recovery in the isolated island nation. Cuba is said to have almost 250 mining and energy projects in need of investors and is experiencing a sudden, but modest, investment boost thanks to its rapprochement with the United States. Impacts The prospect of the embargo being lifted could encourage more foreign companies to invest now to beat a possible rush. The end of the embargo would be a boon for Canadian mining firms, facilitating investment, operations and sales. While some firms may sell their Cuban operations, others will see capital injections from US companies. Operational practices will face closer scrutiny, necessitating increased investment in raising standards.


Subject Anti-monopoly rules and enforcement in China. Significance Beijing late last year consolidated its anti-monopoly authorities within a single organisation, the State Administration for Market Regulation. Impacts The internet economy will be a major focus of future legislation and anti-monopoly action. Regulators will seek a balance between protecting intellectual property and preventing foreign companies charging excessive licensing fees. Anti-monopoly regulations may be used more selectively and aggressively if economic tensions with the United States are not de-escalated.


1973 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. Holroyd ◽  
B. V. Lessley

This paper discusses plant location models applied to a honey processing-marketing cooperative firm with emphasis on sensitivity of findings to some alternative objectives and specifications. Though the study was nationwide in scope, the southern regions of the United States played a significant role in the analyses.The first objective was to determine the number, size, and location of honey processing plants which would minimize total assembly, processing, and product shipment cost. In pursuit of the first objective, two of several questions receiving consideration were: 1. In comparing an optimizing least-cost result to an actual operating cost result, what is a valid specification of “actual” cost? 2. Is there a simple way of checking on the validity of a minimum cost solution?


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