A proportional counter telescope for position determination and particle identification in a magnetic spectrograph

1971 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Williams ◽  
T.H. Kruse ◽  
M.E. Williams ◽  
J.A. Fenton ◽  
G.L. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Proportional Counter ◽  
Particle Identification ◽  
Position Determination ◽  
Counter Telescope

HILT: a heavy ion large area proportional counter telescope for solar and anomalous cosmic rays

1993 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 542-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Klecker ◽  
D. Hovestadt ◽  
M. Scholer ◽  
H. Arbinger ◽  
M. Ertl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Proportional Counter ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Anomalous Cosmic Rays ◽  
Counter Telescope

Particle identification for a position sensitive proportional counter

1972 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.E. Williams ◽  
T. Kruse ◽  
D. Bayer ◽  
N. Williams ◽  
W. Savin
Keyword(s):  
Proportional Counter ◽  
Particle Identification ◽  
Position Sensitive

Procedure for deriving the Forbush decrease spectrum at shallow underground depths

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Duldig
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Index ◽  
Proportional Counter ◽  
Forbush Decrease ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Cosmic Ray Modulation ◽  
Extensive Analysis ◽  
Counter Telescope

AbstractOn July 14, 1982 a Forbush decrease event of unprecedented magnitude was observed worldwide in the cosmic ray records up to particle rigidities of several hundred GV. At the same time the recently commissioned underground proportional counter telescope at Mawson, Antarctica, was recording a newly discovered cosmic ray modulation superposed on the Forbush event (Duldig, Jacklyn and Pomerantz 1985; Jacklyn, Duldig and Pomerantz 1987). The presence of the two phenomena led to complication in deriving the spectrum of the Forbush decrease for particle rigidities corresponding to the shallow observing depth. A technique for resolving such difficulties is presented and applied to the July 1982 decrease and the recurrence event 27 days later. The resulting spectral index γ was found to be ≈ −0.9, similar to the results of the extensive analysis of Russian surface and underground data by Kuzmin et al. (1983).

Microanalysis of precipitates in a ferritic steel

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 618-619
Author(s):  
J.M. Titchmarsh
Keyword(s):  
Ferritic Steel ◽  
Particle Identification ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Ferritic Steels ◽  
Replica Technique ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Made In

The advances in recent years in the microanalytical capabilities of conventional TEM's fitted with probe forming lenses allow much more detailed investigations to be made of the microstructures of complex alloys, such as ferritic steels, than have been possible previously. In particular, the identification of individual precipitate particles with dimensions of a few tens of nanometers in alloys containing high densities of several chemically and crystallographically different precipitate types is feasible. The aim of the investigation described in this paper was to establish a method which allowed individual particle identification to be made in a few seconds so that large numbers of particles could be examined in a few hours.A Philips EM400 microscope, fitted with the scanning transmission (STEM) objective lens pole-pieces and an EDAX energy dispersive X-ray analyser, was used at 120 kV with a thermal W hairpin filament. The precipitates examined were extracted using a standard C replica technique from specimens of a 2¼Cr-lMo ferritic steel in a quenched and tempered condition.

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