Experimental study of sequences of ectomycorrhizal fungi on birch (Betula SP.) seedling root systems

1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 591-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.V. Fleming
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Seedling Root

scholarly journals Root architecture simulation improves the inference from seedling root phenotyping towards mature root systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 965-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiangsan Zhao ◽  
Gernot Bodner ◽  
Boris Rewald ◽  
Daniel Leitner ◽  
Kerstin A. Nagel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Architecture ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Seedling Root ◽  
Root Phenotyping ◽  
Architecture Simulation ◽  
Mature Root

A rapid method for detecting cold injury in conifer seedling root systems

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary A. Ritchie
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Cold Injury ◽  
Percent Weight Loss ◽  
Seedling Root ◽  
Seedling Roots ◽  
Temperature Exposure ◽  
Low Temperature Exposure ◽  
Conifer Seedling

A method is described for rapidly determining the extent of cold injury to Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedling root systems. It is based upon pressure:volume theory but short-cuts the tedious pressure:volume method. Injured root systems were brought to full hydration, then weighed and placed into a pressure chamber. A pressure of 1.5 MPa was applied for a 5-min period, then the root system was removed from the chamber and reweighed. The percent weight loss was then calculated. Percent weight loss was closely related to degree of low temperature exposure in Douglas-fir seedling roots. Percent weight loss values were near 5 in uninjured controls, whereas freeze-injured seedlings had percent weight loss values of 7 or greater. Percent weight loss values measured on seedlings just before planting were closely correlated with seedling vigor and mortality 3 months following planting in both a field test and a greenhouse pot trial.

A microcomputer based method for the rapid and detailed measurement of seedling root systems

1982 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Costigan ◽  
J. A. Rose ◽  
T. McBurney
Keyword(s):  
Root Systems ◽  
Detailed Measurement ◽  
Seedling Root

scholarly journals A technological approach to the morphofunctional classification of seedlings of 50 Brazilian forest species

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Alves Lobo ◽  
Denise Garcia de Santana ◽  
Antonieta Nassif Salomão ◽  
Luciana Salazar Rehbein ◽  
Angélica Polenz Wielewicki
Keyword(s):  
Primary Root ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Seedling Root ◽  
Technological Approach ◽  
Shoot System ◽  
Normal Seedling ◽  
Long Life ◽  
Great Mass

A technological approach to the morphofunctional classification of forest species seedlings defines the essential structures in the evaluation of germination testing and identifies changes in this structures that suggest abnormalities. The objective was to associate morphofunctional seedling classification to seed germination testing using official germination methods for 50 forest species from Amazon, Caatinga, Cerrado, Atlantic Forest and Pantanal biomes. Morphofunctional classification and abnormalities were defined using seedlings from 232 germination pre-tests and 1,160 samples that were formed for each species using seeds from distinct locations and with at least three levels of vigor. The phanero-epigeal germination with a non-developed epicotyl predominated among species (84%). Common in hypogeal germination, the development of the epicotyl occurred only in seedlings of Anadenanthera colubrina and Erythrina speciosa, both with epigeal germination. The need to supply and sustain the great mass produced in its long life cycle, the presence of the primary root was considered essential for the normal seedling classification of these forest species. Curled, stunted, necrotic, bifurcated primary root and those retained in the seed coat or in the fruit structures, were the main abnormalities of the seedling root systems. Damages to the shoot system were uncommon.

The effects of aluminum and calcium on the growth and nutrition of selected ectomycorrhizal fungi of jack pine

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 1691-1699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark H. R. Browning ◽  
Thomas C. Hutchinson
Keyword(s):  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Axenic Culture ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Growth And Nutrition ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Al Treatment ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

The influence of Al and Ca on the growth, in axenic culture, of three ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) was examined. Isolates of Hebeloma crustuliniforme (St. Amans) Quél., Rhizopogon rubescens (Tul.) Tulasne, and Suillus tomentosus (Kauff.) Singer, Snell & Dick were obtained from basidiocarps collected in jack pine stands of different ages. Basidiocarps and the soil surrounding them were analyzed for Al and Ca, as well as other elements. Each fungal species was grown for 4 weeks in nutrient solutions containing 37, 185, 370, or 740 μM Al combined in a factorial design with 25, 125, 250, or 500 μM Ca and maintained at pH 3.8. Growth of all three fungal species was reduced at 370 μM Al. Significant interaction was found between fungal species and Al treatment for all six elements measured in mycelial tissue. Stepwise increments in external Al concentration resulted in reduced mycelial concentrations of Ca, Mg, and K, and increased mycelial concentrations of Al, P, and Fe in H. crustuliniforme. High external Al levels resulted in reduced mycelial concentrations of all elements measured except Al and P in R. rubescens. In contrast, for S. tomentosus the same external Al levels increased the mycelial concentrations of all elements except Ca. The response of the three ectomycorrhizal fungi to Ca also differed. Growth of H. crustuliniforme was stimulated by stepwise increments in external Ca concentrations from 25 to 500 μM. Increments in calcium had no effect on the growth of R. rubescens. High external levels of Ca acted synergistically with high external Al concentrations to reduce growth by S. tomentosus. Unlike the other two species, the response of S. tomentosus to Al and Ca could not have been predicted from the soil and basidiocarp analyses. Alterations in Ca to Al ratios of soils may influence the succession of ectomycorrhizal fungi on conifer root systems. Key words: ectomycorrhizae, jack pine, aluminum, calcium, basidiocarps.

Growth and fungal persistence by Quercus rubra inoculated with ectomycorrhizal fungi and planted on a clear-cutting and strip mine

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (8) ◽  
pp. 1571-1574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter R. Beckjord ◽  
Marla S. McIntosh
Keyword(s):  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Cenococcum Geophilum ◽  
Greenhouse Production ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Strip Mine ◽  
Mine Sites

Quercus rubra seedlings were grown in a greenhouse in media inoculated with and without vegetative hyphae of the ectomycorrhizal fungi Pisolithus tinctorius, Cenococcum geophilum, Scleroderma auranteum, and Rhizopogon nigrescens. Some seedlings were also inoculated with basidiospores of P. tinctorius and S. auranteum in the greenhouse. Rhizopogon nigrescens did not infect the seedlings during greenhouse production. Seedlings were planted and grown for two seasons on clear-cut and strip-mine sites. Some nonmycorrhizal seedlings were inoculated with basidiospores at planting. Seedling growth after one season on the clear-cut site was positive for all P. tinctorius, C. geophilum, and vegetative S. auranteum inoculations and significant differences in growth occurred among inoculation treatments. Root-core samples after one season showed that 80–100% of the seedlings on the clear-cut site had fungal persistence of assigned fungal species from all fungal inoculations except that no ectomycorrhizae were evident with seedlings field inoculated with basidiospores. Growth after two seasons on the clear-cut site was significantly different among treatments but not significantly different on the strip-mine site. Excavated root systems after two seasons showed that 0–100% of the seedlings on the clear-cut and strip-mine sites had fungal retention of assigned fungal species and ectomycorrhizae from basidiospore chip inoculations.

scholarly journals Effects of Seed Handling, Pre-germination and Planting Positions on Tree Seedling Root and Stem Development

1986 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 69-72
Author(s):  
B. L. Appleton ◽  
C. E. Whitcomb ◽  
S. W. Akers
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Research Use ◽  
Tree Seedling ◽  
Seedling Root ◽  
Landscape Plants ◽  
Stem Development ◽  
Seed Handling

Distortions of stem and root systems are sometimes noted with woody landscape plants propagated from seed. While position of the seed during stratification appears to produce no adverse effect, a change in seed orientation during pre-germination and/or transplanting can influence the subsequent development of these stem and root systems, frequently resulting in distorted seedlings unacceptable for commercial or research use.

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FUNGAL HORMONE PRODUCTION AND ECTOMYCORRHIZAL INFECTION OF PINUS MUGO

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 782G-783
Author(s):  
Henry E. DeVries ◽  
Joseph P. Lardner ◽  
Kenneth W. Mudge
Keyword(s):  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Laccaria Bicolor ◽  
Pinus Mugo ◽  
Hormone Production ◽  
Amanita Muscaria ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Infection

To test the hypothesis that phytohormone production is related to mycorrhizae formation 29 isolates of ectomycorrhizal fungi have been evaluated for production of ethylene and auxin in pure culture and for their ability to form ectomycorrhizae with Pinus mugo. The fungi tested included a series of monokaryotic isolates of Laccaria bicolor and dikaryotic isolates of Amanita muscaria, Hebeloma crustuliniforme, L. laccata, L. proxima, Pisolithus tinctorius, Rhizopogon ellenae, and R. vinicolor. Inoculated root systems were rated for mycorrhizae formation, root/shoot ratio and root morphology. P. tinctorius isolates which formed abundant mycorrhizae produce no ethylene in vitro, but did produce the auxin IAA. L. bicolor isolates produced ethylene as well as auxins putatively identified as IAA, and IBA. Correlations between phytohormone production and mycorrhizogenicity will be presented.

scholarly journals Photographic Technique for Grass Seedling Root Systems

1988 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 548-549
Author(s):  
P. R. Newman ◽  
L. E. Moser
Keyword(s):  
Root Systems ◽  
Photographic Technique ◽  
Seedling Root
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