Evaluation of the protective effect of BCG vaccination by a case-control study in Yaounde, Cameroon

Tubercle ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Blin ◽  
H.G. Delolme ◽  
J.D. Heyraud ◽  
Y. Charpak ◽  
L. Sentilhes
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Bcg Vaccination ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Effectiveness of the First Dose of BCG against Tuberculosis among HIV-Infected, Predominantly Immunodeficient Children

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquim C. V. D. Van-Dunem ◽  
Laura C. Rodrigues ◽  
Luiz Claudio Arraes Alencar ◽  
Maria de Fátima Pessoa Militão-Albuquerque ◽  
Ricardo Arraes de Alencar Ximenes
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Bcg Vaccine ◽  
Bacille Calmette Guerin ◽  
Bcg Vaccination ◽  
Control Study

The objective of this study was to estimate the protective effect of Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine against tuberculosis among (predominantly immunodeficient) HIV-infected children in Angola. A hospital-based case-control study was conducted with 230 cases, children coinfected with tuberculosis, and 672 controls, HIV-infected children from the same hospital, aged 18 months to 13 years. The presence of a vaccination scar was taken as a proxy marker for BCG vaccination. The crude effectiveness was 8% (95% CI: −26 to 32) and the adjusted effectiveness was 30% (95% CI: −75 to 72). The present study suggests that BCG does not have a protective effect against tuberculosis among immunodeficient HIV-infected children. Since BCG is no longer given to HIV-infected children, the study may not be replicated. Accepting that these findings should be considered with caution, they are nonetheless likely to be the last estimate of BCG efficacy in a sufficiently powered study.

Protective effect of helmet use on cervical injury in motorcycle crashes: A case–control study

Injury ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 657-662
Author(s):  
Gwan-Jin Park ◽  
Jaeho Shin ◽  
Sang-Chul Kim ◽  
Dae-Seok Na ◽  
Hae-Ju Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Cervical Injury ◽  
Helmet Use ◽  
Motorcycle Crashes ◽  
Control Study

Protective effect of green tea against prostate cancer: A case-control study in southeast China

2003 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Jian ◽  
Li Ping Xie ◽  
Andy H. Lee ◽  
Colin W. Binns
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Southeast China ◽  
Control Study

Association between Statin and Fibrate Use and Venous Thromboembolism: A Case-Control Study.

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 2594-2594
Author(s):  
Karine Lacut ◽  
Gregoire Le Gal ◽  
Emmanuel Oger ◽  
Dominique Mottier
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Venous Thromboembolic ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Statin Use

Abstract Background: Previous studies of selected patients have suggested a reduction in the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) with the use of statins, and no effect of fibrates. Objective: To evaluate the influence of statin and fibrate use on the risk of venous thromboembolic events. Design: Case-control study (EDITH) designed to investigate genetic and environmental risk factors of VTE. Setting: Brest University Hospital. Participants: 857 patients consecutively hospitalized for a documented venous thromboembolic event were included between May 2000 and May 2004. Controls were matched on age, sex and the main risk factors of VTE (cancer, surgery, pregnancy…). Results: The mean age of patients was 67.7 year. No significant difference was found between cases and controls concerning the main characteristics, except for smocking and body mass index. Controls had more often previous vascular events (coronary heart disease, stroke or arteriopathy of the lower limbs) than cases but the difference was no significant. Statin use was associated with a significant decreased risk of VTE (odds ratio (OR) = 0.58; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.41–0.82), whereas fibrate use was associated with a significant increased risk of VTE (OR = 1.60; 95% CI, 1.09–2.34). After adjustment on the main confounding factors including aspirin use and cardiovascular disease, these associations remained significant. Among pleiotropic effects of statins, some antithrombotic mechanisms could be proposed to explain their possible protective effect. Concerning the possible negative effect of fibrates, some authors found that the most prescribed fibrates, but not statins, caused hyperhomocysteinemia. In our study, analyses of homocysteinemia are ongoing. Conclusion: In this case-control study of hospitalized patients, statin use was associated with a significant decreased risk of VTE, whereas fibrate use was associated with a significant increased risk. Homocysteinemia may be involved in the difference between the effects of these two categories of lipid-lowering drugs on VTE. Because our study was observational, the protective effect of statins as regards the risk of VTE remains questionable and further prospective studies are needed.

scholarly journals Protective effect of macro and micro nutrients on male lung cancer. A case–control study in Rosario, Argentina

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. e155-e159 ◽  
Author(s):  
María S. Dagatti ◽  
Daniel Wojdyla ◽  
Agustina Bertola Compagnucci ◽  
Ricardo Mahuad ◽  
Leonor C. Poletto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Study

Protective effect of Depot Medroxy Progesterone Acetate (DMPA) on surgically-treated uterine leiomyomas. A multicenter case-control study

1996 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. S28
Author(s):  
Pisake Lumbiganon ◽  
Surang Phandhu-fung ◽  
Sungwal Rugpao ◽  
Nara Vadikamaroksa ◽  
Malinee Laopaiboon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Uterine Leiomyomas ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Determinants of Tuberculosis Among HIV Infected Adults in Horro Guduru Wollega Zone, West Ethiopia: A Facility-Based Case-Control Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zelalem Belay Adugna ◽  
Belachew Etana Tolessa ◽  
Mekdes Tigistu Yilma
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Case Control ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Past ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background: Tuberculosis is a contagious air born disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis species and the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among people living with HIV/AIDS worldwide. Globally, it causes ill-health among millions of people living with HIV/AIDS each year. Objective: To identify determinants of Tuberculosis among HIV infected adults in public health facilities, in Horro Guduru Wollega Zone, 2019. Methods: Unmatched case-control study was conducted among 127 cases and 255 controls which were selected using systematic random sampling technique. Data were collected by record review and through face to face interview. Then, analysis was done using SPSS version 25.To identify determinants of tuberculosis multivariable logistic regression was employed. Adjusted odds ratio was calculated with 95 % CI to show strength of association and P-value < 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance.Results: - A total of 127 cases and 255 controls were participated into the study with 97.2% response rate. Aged ≥35 years [ AOR= 2.63, 95% CI(1.29,5.36)], alcohol consumption [AOR=3.34,95%CI(1.68,6.99)], Having CD4 cells <200 [AOR=3.67, 95% CI (1.5, 9.1)], Having Haemoglobin <11g/dl [AOR=3.77, 95%CI(1.84,7.72)], Imprisoned in the past 2 years [AOR=4.22, 95%CI(1.56, 11.37)], Living with TB patients in the same house [AOR=14.97, 95% CI(1.99, 21.63)] were factors associated with TB among HIV infected adults. Importantly, using Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis [AOR=0.193, 95% CI(0.81,0.46)] had a protective effect from acquiring TB. Conclusion and Recommendation: Being in old age, alcohol use, Chewing khat, Having CD4cells <200, Advanced WHO clinical stage, Hgb <11g/dl, Imprisoned in the past 2 years, History of previous TB and living with TB patients in the same house were factors associated with TB/HIV co-infection. Using Cotrimoxazole had a protective effect from acquiring TB/HIV co-infection. For most of these determinants interventions can be made at individual and institutional levels, whereas, some factors need societal level integrations.

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