ACTIVE SITE FOR HEPARIN COFACTOR II IN LOW MOLECULAR MASS DERMATAN SULFATE. CONTRIBUTION TO THE ANTITHROMBOTIC ACTIVITY OF FRACTIONS WITH HIGH AFFINITY FOR HEPARIN COFACTOR II

1996 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Mascellani ◽  
Lino Liverani ◽  
Bruna Parma ◽  
GianLuca Bergonzini ◽  
Pietro Bianchini
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Active Site ◽  
Dermatan Sulfate ◽  
Heparin Cofactor Ii ◽  
Antithrombotic Activity ◽  
High Affinity

The Venous Antithrombotic Profile of Naroparcil in the Rabbit

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (06) ◽  
pp. 874-879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Millet ◽  
Jocelyne Theveniaux ◽  
Neil L Brown
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Bleeding Time ◽  
Dermatan Sulfate ◽  
Factor Xa ◽  
Bleeding Risk ◽  
Thrombin Time ◽  
Heparin Cofactor Ii ◽  
Antithrombotic Activity ◽  
Thrombin Inhibition ◽  
Maximal Reduction

SummaryThe venous antithrombotic profile of naroparcil or (4-[4-cyanoben-zoyl]-phenyl)-1.5-dithio-β-D-xylopyranoside was investigated in the rabbit following single i. v. and oral administration. Naroparcil attenuated thrombus development in a Wessler stasis model of venous thrombosis (jugular vein) employing bovine factor Xa as a thrombogenic stimulus giving ED50 values of 21.9 mg/kg and 36.0 mg/kg after respectively i. v. and oral administration. Venous antithrombotic activity was maximal 2-3 h after i. v. administration and 4-8 h after oral administration. Four hours after the oral administration of maximal antithrombotic (Wessler model, factor Xa) doses (100 and 400 mg/kg), naroparcil had no significant effect on bleeding time. In platelet poor plasma obtained from animals treated 4 h previously with various doses (25 to 400 mg/kg) of naroparcil, there was no detectable anti-factor Xa nor antithrombin activity. Similarly, naroparcil had no effect on APTT nor on thrombin time. A sensitized thrombin time (to about 35 s) was modestly but significantly increased following oral administration of the compound at 400 mg/kg. However, thrombin generation by the intrinsic pathway was reduced in a dose-related manner, maximal reduction being 65% at 400 mg/kg. The same doses of naroparcil enhanced the formation of thrombin/heparin cofactor II complexes at the expense of thrombin/antithrombin III complexes in plasma incubated with (125I)-human a-thrombin and induced the appearance of dermatan sulfate-like material in the plasma of treated rabbits, as measured by a heparin cofactor II-mediated thrombin inhibition assay. The results suggest that naroparcil could have a safe venous antithrombotic profile following oral administration (antithrombotic effect compared to bleeding risk). It is probable that part of the mechanism of action of the β-D-xyloside, naroparcil, is due to the induction of chondroitin sulfate-like glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, this material being detectable in the plasma.

STRUCTURE ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS OF DERMATAN SULFATE : EFFECT OF MOLECULAR SIZE AND CARBOXYL GROUP ESTERIFICATION ON HEPARIN C0FACT0R-II ACTIVATION

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Mardiguian ◽  
M Corgier ◽  
M Jouany
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Dermatan Sulfate ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Carboxyl Groups ◽  
Gel Chromatography ◽  
Carboxyl Group ◽  
Heparin Cofactor Ii ◽  
High Affinity

Dermatan is a high molecular weight glycosaminoglycan which has been shown to enhance the inhibition of thrombin by heparin-cofactor II. The aim of this study was to establish the influence of the molecular size and the role of the carboxyl group on the in vitro activity of Dermatan Sulfate. Pig skin Dermatan Sulfate was fractionated according to molecular size by gel-chromatography on Ultrogel Ac 44. Each fraction was characterized by its sulfur content and by its mean molecular weight measured on a TSK - 4000 column in reference to standard heparin fractions. Methyl esters of the unfractionated Dermatan Sulfate with varying degree of esterification, where prepared via activation of the carboxyl groups with a carbodiimide and reaction with methanol. The results of this study show that the heparin - cofactor II mediated anti-thrombin activity of Dermatan Sulfate is increasing with the molecular weight and is abolished by esterification of the carboxyl groups. Moreover, it can be speculated that each fraction contains the same amount of high affinity fraction and that, like heparin, the potency of the high affinity component is increasing with the molecular weight.

scholarly journals The specificity of interactions between proteins and sulfated polysaccharides

2005 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 651-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Mulloy
Keyword(s):  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Dermatan Sulfate ◽  
Specific Interaction ◽  
Cellular Responses ◽  
Sulfated Polysaccharides ◽  
Heparin Cofactor Ii ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Sea Urchin Egg ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Low Ionic Strength

Sulfated polysaccharides are capable of binding with proteins at several levels of specificity. As highly acidic macromolecules, they can bind non-specifically to any basic patch on a protein surface at low ionic strength, and such interactions are not likely to be physiologically significant. On the other hand, several systems have been identified in which very specific substructures of sulfated polysaccharides confer high affinity for particular proteins; the best-known example of this is the pentasaccharide in heparin with high affinity for antithrombin, but other examples may be taken from the study of marine invertebrates: the importance of the fine structure of dermatan sulfate (DS) to its interaction with heparin cofactor II (HCII), and the involvement of sea urchin egg-jelly fucans in species specific fertilization. A third, intermediate, kind of specific interaction is described for the cell-surface glycosaminoglycan heparan sulfate (HS), in which patterns of sulfate substitution can show differential affinities for cytokines, growth factors, and morphogens at cell surfaces and in the intracellular matrix. This complex interplay of proteins and glycans is capable of influencing the diffusion of such proteins through tissue, as well as modulating cellular responses to them.

Further Studies on the Mechanism for the Antithrombotic Effects of Naroparcil, an Orally Active Thioxyloside Compound

1999 ◽  
Vol 81 (06) ◽  
pp. 945-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Theveniau ◽  
D. Coup ◽  
T. Grégoire ◽  
M. Vaillot ◽  
D. Dupouy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Activity ◽  
Heparin Cofactor Ii ◽  
Antithrombotic Activity ◽  
Thrombin Inhibition ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Antithrombotic Effects ◽  
Orally Active ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
In Vitro Specific Activity

SummaryThe antithrombotic β-D-xyloside, naroparcil, has previously been shown to induce a dose-related increase of circulating glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) together with an antithrombin activity (anti-IIa) via heparin cofactor II (HCII) in the rabbit. In order to go further in the mechanisms, the relationship between the antithrombotic activity, the HCII-mediated anti-IIa activity and the plasma GAG content was investigated. We showed that the in vitro specific activity on the inhibition of thrombin by HCII of the plasma GAG extract from naroparcil-treated rabbits was increased by a factor of 60 when compared to controls. In addition, the fractionation of the plasma GAG extract by affinity chromatography on immobilized HCII led to a more potent material whereas the low-affinity fraction was shown to be inactive in thrombin inhibition by HCII.The qualitative analysis of GAGs showed the presence of the ΔDi-4S DS disaccharide, undetectable in control, which accounted for 22% in the unfractionated GAG extract and for 60% in the high affinity fraction. In vitro experiments using immuno-depleted plasma in antithrombin III (ATIII), HCII or both, indicated that the anti-IIa activity of the plasma GAG extract from naroparcil-treated rabbits was mainly due to HCII potentialisation. The unfractionated GAG extract and the high affinity fraction were shown to be antithrombotic in a Wessler-based model in the rat, giving ED80 values of 610 UA/kg and 56 UA/kg respectively whereas the low-affinity fraction was devoid of any antithrombotic activity. These results show that the antithrombotic activity of naroparcil is dependent on modification in the plasma GAG profile which inactivates thrombin via the HCII.

scholarly journals Antithrombotic properties of a dermatan sulfate hexadecasaccharide fractionated by affinity for heparin cofactor II

Blood ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 81 (7) ◽  
pp. 1771-1777 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Sie ◽  
D Dupouy ◽  
C Caranobe ◽  
M Petitou ◽  
B Boneu
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Dermatan Sulfate ◽  
Anticoagulant Activity ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Heparin Cofactor Ii ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Suitable Target ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The relationship between the antithrombotic activity of dermatan sulfate (DS) in vivo and its catalytic effect on the inhibition of thrombin by heparin cofactor II (HC II) in vitro was investigated. DS was depolymerized by Smith degradation and the fragments obtained were separated by gel filtration. The fragment of minimal size with full catalytic activity was a hexadecasaccharide, which was further fractionated by affinity for immobilized HC II. Only a small proportion by weight (6.7%) was recovered in the high-affinity fraction, which had about 10 times more catalytic activity than the unfractionated oligosaccharide; the change in activity was primarily caused by the removal of inert materials, recovered in the low-affinity fraction. 1H- NMR spectra indicated strengthening of the signal given by Ido A (2S04) in the high-affinity fraction compared with that of the low-affinity fraction. The anticoagulant activity of the high-affinity fraction was exclusively HC II-dependent. The antithrombotic potency was evaluated in rabbits using the Wessler-thromboplastin model. Half-maximal prevention of thrombosis was obtained after injection of 250 micrograms/kg DS, of 500 micrograms/kg hexadecasaccharide, or of 60 micrograms/kg of its high-affinity fraction. The low-affinity fraction was ineffective at the highest dose tested (1,200 micrograms/kg) and did not potentiate the effect of the high-affinity fraction. These results show that the antithrombotic effect of DS is essentially dependent on HC II binding and activation and that HC II is therefore a suitable target for antithrombotic drugs.

Antithrombotic activity of dermatan sulfate in heparin cofactor II-deficient mice

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (13) ◽  
pp. 3965-3970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina P. Vicente ◽  
Li He ◽  
Mauro S. G. Pavão ◽  
Douglas M. Tollefsen
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Dermatan Sulfate ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Antithrombotic Effect ◽  
Porcine Skin ◽  
Heparin Cofactor Ii ◽  
Thrombotic Occlusion ◽  
Antithrombotic Activity ◽  
Occlusion Time ◽  
Deficient Mice

Abstract Heparin cofactor II (HCII) is a plasma protein that inhibits thrombin rapidly in the presence of dermatan sulfate or heparin. We previously reported that the time to thrombotic occlusion of the carotid artery after photochemical injury was shorter in HCII-deficient mice than in wild-type control animals. In this paper, we describe the antithrombotic activity of dermatan sulfate in wild-type and HCII-deficient mice. Intravenous administration of porcine skin dermatan sulfate induced a dose-dependent prolongation of the carotid artery occlusion time in HCII+/+ mice that was not observed in HCII-/- animals. Pharmacokinetic studies suggested that porcine skin dermatan sulfate expresses antithrombotic activity after being transferred from the plasma to sites in the vessel wall. Using invertebrate dermatan sulfate preparations, we showed that N-acetylgalactosamine-4-O-sulfate residues are required for the HCII-dependent antithrombotic effect. Furthermore, the invertebrate dermatan sulfates, which have higher charge densities than mammalian dermatan sulfate, slightly prolonged the thrombotic occlusion time of HCII-/- mice. These results indicate that HCII mediates the antithrombotic effect of porcine skin dermatan sulfate after injury to the carotid arterial endothelium in mice, whereas more highly charged dermatan sulfates possess weak antithrombotic activity independent of HCII. (Blood. 2004;104:3965-3970)

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