Case-fatality rates in severe measles outbreak in rural Germany in 1861

The Lancet ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 340 (8828) ◽  
pp. 1172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Aaby ◽  
Heike Oesterle ◽  
Klaus Dietz ◽  
Niels Becker
Keyword(s):  
Case Fatality ◽  
Measles Outbreak

scholarly journals Measles Outbreak Investigation in Artuma Fursi Woreda, Oromia Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia, 2018: A case control study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengistie Kassahun Tariku ◽  
Sewnet Wongiel Misikir
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Amhara Region ◽  
Travel History ◽  
Measles Outbreak ◽  
Vaccination History ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Objective: To confirm the existence of Outbreak, describe cases in person, place and time, and identify determinants of the outbreak. Unmatched case control study in the ratio of 1:4 (38 cases and 152 controls) was conducted in Artuma fursi woreda from July 13- August 1 /2018. Data were collected with standard questionnaires. Collected data were entered into Epi Info version 7 and exported to Statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 23 for analysis. Results: A total of 38 cases and 1 death with attack rate and case fatality rate 11.8/100,000 and 2.6% respectively. All study participants had not vaccination history. Females and age group 5-14 were more affected. Being 5-14 years old versus (vs) 15 years [adjusted odd ratio (AOR) =3.53; 95% CI; 1.52-8.45)], contact with cases vs no contact with cases [AOR=2.78; 95% CI; 1.23-8.67] and travel history 7-18 days prior onset of illness vs no travel history [AOR= 2.53; 95% CI; 1.31-7.24] were significantly associated with contracting measles. Routine and supplement immunization should be strengthened to reduce future occurrence of outbreak. Keywords: Measles, outbreak, Artuma fursi woreda

scholarly journals Increase in Infant Measles Deaths During a Nationwide Measles Outbreak—Mongolia, 2015–2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 220 (11) ◽  
pp. 1771-1779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher T Lee ◽  
Jose E Hagan ◽  
Baigalmaa Jantsansengee ◽  
Oyun-Erdene Tumurbaatar ◽  
Samdan Altanchimeg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Case Fatality Ratio ◽  
Measles Outbreak ◽  
Vital Records ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Surveillance data from a large measles outbreak in Mongolia suggested increased case fatality ratio (CFR) in the second of 2 waves. To confirm the increase in CFR and identify risk factors for measles death, we enhanced mortality ascertainment and conducted a case-control study among infants hospitalized for measles. Methods We linked national vital records with surveillance data of clinically or laboratory-confirmed infant (aged <12 months) measles cases with rash onset during March–September 2015 (wave 1) and October 2015–June 2016 (wave 2). We abstracted medical charts of 95 fatal cases and 273 nonfatal cases hospitalized for measles, matched by age and sex. We calculated adjusted matched odds ratios (amORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for risk factors. Results Infant measles deaths increased from 3 among 2224 cases (CFR: 0.13%) in wave 1 to 113 among 4884 cases (CFR: 2.31%) in wave 2 (P < .001). Inpatient admission, 7–21 days before measles rash onset, for pneumonia or influenza (amOR: 4.5; CI, 2.6–8.0), but not other diagnoses, was significantly associated with death. Discussion Measles infection among children hospitalized with respiratory infections likely increased deaths due to measles during wave 2. Preventing measles virus nosocomial transmission likely decreases measles mortality.

scholarly journals Risk factors for measles deaths among children during a Nationwide measles outbreak – Romania, 2016–2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Morgane Donadel ◽  
Aurora Stanescu ◽  
Adriana Pistol ◽  
Brock Stewart ◽  
Cassandra Butu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
World Health ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Vitamin A Supplementation ◽  
Measles Outbreak

Abstract Background Case fatality ratio (CFR) among all age groups during the 2016–2018 measles outbreak in Romania was increased compared with previous outbreaks. To identify risk factors for measles death, we conducted a case-control study among infants and children hospitalized for measles. Methods National surveillance data were used to identify hospitalized cases of laboratory-confirmed or epidemiologically linked measles in infants and children aged < 59 months with rash onset from January 2016 to July 2018. We abstracted medical records of 50 fatal cases (“cases”) and 250 non-fatal cases (“controls”) matched by age, sex, district of residence, and urban/rural place of residence. We calculated univariable and multivariable matched odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for risk factors. Results Ninety-three percent of case-patients and controls had not received a valid dose of a measles-containing vaccine; only 5 % received Vitamin A supplementation once diagnosed with measles. In the univariable analysis, cases were more likely than controls to have had a healthcare-related exposure to measles manifesting as inpatient admission for pneumonia during the 7 to 21 day measles incubation period (OR: 3.0; 95% CI [1.2, 7.2]), to have had a history of malnutrition (OR: 3.4; 95% CI [1.1, 9.9]), and to have had pneumonia as a complication of measles (OR:7.1; 95% CI [2.0–24.8]). In the multivariable analysis, pneumonia as a measles complication remained a risk for death (OR: 7.1; 95% CI [1.4–35.3]). Conclusions Implementing infection prevention and control practices, ensuring immunization of healthcare workers, and hospitalizing only severe measles cases may minimize the risk of nosocomial measles transmission. Implementing World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations for Vitamin A supplementation, improving immunization of children to prevent influenza, pneumococcal, and other bacterial respiratory diseases may decrease complications and deaths due to measles in Romania.

High attack rates and case fatality during a measles outbreak in groups with religious exemption to vaccination

1993 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 288-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
DÉSIRÉE V. RODGERS ◽  
JACQUELINE S. GINDLER ◽  
WILLIAM L. ATKINSON ◽  
LAURI E. MARKOWITZ
Keyword(s):  
Case Fatality ◽  
Measles Outbreak ◽  
Religious Exemption

scholarly journals Measles Outbreak Investigation in Artuma Fursi Woreda, Oromia Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia, 2018: A case control study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengistie Kassahun Tariku ◽  
Sewnet Wongiel Misikir
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Amhara Region ◽  
Travel History ◽  
Measles Outbreak ◽  
Vaccination History ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Abstract Objective: To confirm the existence of Outbreak, describe cases in person, place and time, and identify determinants of the outbreak. Unmatched case control study in the ratio of 1:4 (38 cases and 152 controls) was conducted in Artuma fursi woreda from July 13- August 1 /2018. Data were collected with standard questionnaires. Collected data were entered into Epi Info version 7 and exported to Statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 23 for analysis. Results: A total of 38 cases and 1 death with attack rate and case fatality rate 11.8/100,000 and 2.6% respectively. All study participants had not vaccination history. Females and age group 5-15 were more affected. Being 5-15 years old [adjusted odd ratio (AOR) =3.53; 95% CI; 1.52-8.45)], contact with cases AOR=2.78; 95% CI; 1.23-8.67] and travel history 7-18 days prior onset of illness [AOR= 2.53; 95% CI; 1.31-7.24] were significantly associated with contracting measles.Routine and supplement immunization should be strengthened to reduce future occurrence of outbreak. Keywords: Measles, outbreak, Artuma fursi woreda

scholarly journals Measles outbreak investigation in Artuma Fursi Woreda, Oromia Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia, 2018: a case control study

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengistie Kassahun Tariku ◽  
Sewnet Wongiel Misikir
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Amhara Region ◽  
Travel History ◽  
Measles Outbreak ◽  
Vaccination History ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Objective To confirm the existence of Outbreak, describe cases in person, place and time, and identify determinants of the outbreak. Unmatched case control study in the ratio of 1:4 (38 cases and 152 controls) was conducted in Artuma Fursi Woreda from July 13 to August 1/2018. Data were collected with standard questionnaires. Collected data were entered into Epi Info version 7 and exported to Statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 23 for analysis. Results A total of 38 cases and 1 death with attack rate and case fatality rate 11.8/100,000 and 2.6%, respectively. All study participants had not vaccination history. Females and age group 5–14 were more affected. Being 5–14 years old versus (vs) ≥ 15 years [adjusted odd ratio (AOR) = 3.53; 95% CI 1.52–8.45)], contact with cases vs no contact with cases [AOR = 2.78; 95% CI 1.23–8.67] and travel history 7–18 days prior onset of illness vs no travel history [AOR = 2.53; 95% CI 1.31–7.24] were significantly associated with contracting measles. Routine and supplement immunization should be strengthened to reduce future occurrence of outbreak.

scholarly journals Measles Outbreak among Unvaccinated Children in Bajura

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (180) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Sitaula ◽  
GR Awasthi ◽  
JB Thapa ◽  
A Ramaiya
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Efficacy ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Cold Chain ◽  
Endemic Region ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
Specimen Collection ◽  
Measles Outbreak ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

INTRODUCTION:Measles outbreak occurs when there are three or more laboratory confirmed measles cases in a village in a period of one month. Integrated surveillance system has helped to identify the measles outbreak, to characterize its epidemiology and to timely respond it.METHODS:This is a descriptive study of measles outbreak that occurred in Bajura district in February to March 2010. The epidemiological characteristics of the outbreak are described. The outbreak was investigated from 4-8 March 2010 with necessary epidemiological information and biological specimen collection. One month follow up was done to determine the clinical outcome of the measles cases.RESULTS:A total of 36 people had measles; 97% of them were under 15 years of age and 89% had not been immunized with measles vaccine. Attack rate and vaccine efficacy was 23% and 50% amongst children less than 15 years of age and case fatality rate (CFR) was 3%. Biological samples were collected from 11 patients; all of which tested IgM positive for measles and genotype D8 was isolated.CONCLUSIONS:CFR of this outbreak is higher than the national CFR. Vaccine efficacy of 50% points towards the need for investigation of vaccine logistics and cold chain system. Moreover, this laboratory test confirmed an outbreak showing that the measles virus could be imported from an endemic region and rapidly spread through a susceptible population who were previously not immunized.

scholarly journals Case-Fatality Rate during a Measles Outbreak in Eastern Niger in 2003

2006 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 322-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Nandy ◽  
T. Handzel ◽  
M. Zaneidou ◽  
J. Biey ◽  
R. Z. Coddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Measles Outbreak

scholarly journals Drivers of measles mortality: the historic fatality burden of famine in Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (16) ◽  
pp. 3361-3369
Author(s):  
A. S. MAHMUD ◽  
N. ALAM ◽  
C. J. E. METCALF
Keyword(s):  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Sharp Increase ◽  
Mechanistic Model ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Incidence Data ◽  
Childhood Morbidity ◽  
Sustained Effects ◽  
Measles Outbreak ◽  
The World

SUMMARYMeasles is a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in many parts of the world. Estimates of the case-fatality rate (CFR) of measles have varied widely from place to place, as well as in the same location over time. Amongst populations that have experienced famine or armed conflict, measles CFR can be especially high, although past work has mostly focused on refugee populations. Here, we estimate measles CFR between 1970 and 1991 in a rural region of Bangladesh, which experienced civil war and famine in the 1970s. We use historical measles mortality data and a mechanistic model of measles transmission to estimate the CFR of measles. We first demonstrate the ability of this model to recover the CFR in the absence of incidence data, using simulated mortality data. Our method produces CFR estimates that correspond closely to independent estimates from surveillance data and we can capture both the magnitude and the change in CFR suggested by these previous estimates. We use this method to quantify the sharp increase in CFR that resulted in a large number of deaths during a measles outbreak in the region in 1976. Most of the children who died during this outbreak were born during a famine in 1974, or in the 2 years preceding the famine. Our results suggest that the period of turmoil during and after the 1971 war and the sustained effects of the famine, is likely to have contributed to the high fatality burden of the 1976 measles outbreak in Matlab.

scholarly journals Measles Outbreak Investigation in Artuma Fursi Woreda, Oromia Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia, 2018: A case control study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengistie Kassahun Tariku ◽  
Sewnet Wongiel Misikir
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Amhara Region ◽  
Travel History ◽  
Measles Outbreak ◽  
Vaccination History ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Abstract Objective: To confirm the existence of Outbreak, describe cases in person, place and time, and identify determinants of the outbreak. Unmatched case control study in the ratio of 1:4 (38 cases and 152 controls) was conducted in Artuma fursi woreda from July 13- August 1 /2018. Data were collected with standard questionnaires. Collected data were entered into Epi Info version 7 and exported to Statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 23 for analysis. Results: A total of 38 cases and 1 death with attack rate and case fatality rate 11.8/100,000 and 2.6% respectively. All study participants had not vaccination history. Females and age group 5-14 were more affected. Being 5-14 years old versus (vs) 15 years [adjusted odd ratio (AOR) =3.53; 95% CI; 1.52-8.45)], contact with cases vs no contact with cases [AOR=2.78; 95% CI; 1.23-8.67] and travel history 7-18 days prior onset of illness vs no travel history [AOR= 2.53; 95% CI; 1.31-7.24] were significantly associated with contracting measles. Routine and supplement immunization should be strengthened to reduce future occurrence of outbreak. Keywords: Measles, outbreak, Artuma fursi woreda

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