Causal attributions and emotional reactions to outcome in a sporting contest

1988 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart J.H. Biddle ◽  
Andrew B. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Causal Attributions ◽  
Emotional Reactions

Causal Attributions for Marital Violence and Emotional Response by Women Seeking Refuge

1994 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 272-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen McClennan ◽  
Stephen Joseph ◽  
Christopher Alan Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Beck Depression Inventory ◽  
Emotional Response ◽  
Causal Attributions ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Marital Violence ◽  
Impact Of Events Scale ◽  
The Impact

The aim was to examine the association between causal attributions for marital violence and emotional reactions of 15 women from two refuges in Northern Ireland. The women who perceived the cause of the violence as stable and uncontrollable scored higher on the Avoidance and Intrusion subscales of the Impact of Events Scale, respectively. In addition, more global causal attributions were associated with higher scores on Intrusion and Avoidance as well as depressive symptomatology as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory. No evidence was, however, found to support the view that these women were engaged in self-blaming (attributions tended to be overwhelmingly external).

European American and Mainland Chinese mothers’ responses to aggression and social withdrawal in preschoolers

2004 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charissa S.L. Cheah ◽  
Kenneth H. Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Causal Attributions ◽  
Social Withdrawal ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
European American ◽  
Washington Dc ◽  
Mainland Chinese ◽  
Chinese Mothers ◽  
Social Behaviours

The purpose of the present study was to examine European American and Mainland Chinese mothers’ responses to preschoolers’ social behaviours (aggression and social withdrawal) within a cultural framework. Participants were 103 European American mothers from Washington DC, and 100 Mainland Chinese mothers from Beijing and Baoding cities, China. The maternal emotional reactions, causal attributions, socialisation strategies, and socialisation goals that were endorsed in response to these behaviours were targeted. Both groups of mothers reacted with negative emotions to aggression and withdrawal. Consistent with Confucian ideology on child socialisation, Chinese mothers endorsed more external causal attributions, directive socialisation strategies, and child socialisation goals focused on instilling long-term values and group-focused collectivistic ideals. In contrast, European American mothers focused on internal attributions and the more immediate psychological state of the child. The findings were discussed with regard to the importance of distinguishing shy, cautious behaviour from that of the consistent display of social withdrawal among familiar others, and the significance of cultural norms and conventions in the perception and evaluation of social behaviours.

Cognitive Appraisal and Affective Reactions Following Physical Achievement Outcomes

1990 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward McAuley ◽  
Terry E. Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Causal Attributions ◽  
Cognitive Appraisal ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Affective Reactions ◽  
Achievement Outcomes ◽  
Stability Dimension ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Physical Achievement ◽  
Performance Perceptions

This investigation examined the roles of intuitive (subjective performance perceptions) and reflective (causal attributions) appraisals in the generation of affective reactions to gymnastic performance. Both intuitive and cognitive appraisal were significant predictors of general affect, whereas self-related affects were predominantly influenced by intuitive appraisal and other-related affect by causal dimensions. The stability dimension evidenced the strongest relationship with both general and other-related affective reactions. Commonality analyses determined both types of appraisal to account for up to 14.7% of the cojoint variance in emotional reactions, suggesting that intuitive appraisal may well be perceived as causal attributions under certain circumstances. The findings are discussed in terms of the conditions under which attributions augment the emotion process and the importance of assessing perceptions of performance.

Education and the public’s desire for social distance from people with depression and schizophrenia: The contribution of emotional reactions and causal attributions

2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 468-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olaf von dem Knesebeck ◽  
Matthias C Angermeyer ◽  
Christopher Kofahl ◽  
Anna Christin Makowski ◽  
Eva Mnich
Keyword(s):  
Social Distance ◽  
Causal Attributions ◽  
Emotional Reactions

Public beliefs and attitudes towards schizophrenia and major depression: Findings from a representative population-based study

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S574-S574
Author(s):  
Y.J. Lien ◽  
Y.C. Kao
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Causal Attributions ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Case Vignette ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Public Beliefs ◽  
Stigmatizing Attitudes ◽  
Beliefs And Attitudes

IntroductionPrevious studies have suggested that public beliefs and attitudes toward mental illness may be influenced by country-specific social and cultural factors.ObjectivesThis study aimed to carry out a national survey to assess people's beliefs and stigmatizing attitudes toward schizophrenia and major depression in Taiwan.MethodsWe randomly recruited participants aged 20–65 (n = 1600) in Taiwan, using a computer-assisted telephone interviewing. Participants were presented with a case vignette for major depression and schizophrenia. Questions were asked about causal attributions, emotional reactions, and social distance of individuals afflicted by psychosis or depression.ResultsIn respect of causal attributions, respondents were more concerned with the likelihood of biogenetic explanations for schizophrenia as compared with depression. The same applied to other explanations such as god's willingness and being possessed or haunted. In contrast, psychosocial factors were more likely to be endorsed as a cause of depression than as a cause of schizophrenia. For perceived dangerousness, significantly more respondents considered schizophrenia likely to be violent toward others and to be unpredictable. In terms of emotional reactions, respondents were significantly more likely to express anger or fear for schizophrenia vignette. A similar pattern was shown for the social distance, where respondents were also significantly less likely to express a willingness to contact people suffering from schizophrenia within different social relationships.ConclusionsThe findings from this study may enhance our knowledge of community beliefs and stigmatizing attitudes towards people with mental disorders in Taiwan and highlight the importance of understanding these issues in context.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Behavioral Factors Impact Impairment and Disability Evaluation

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 5-7
Author(s):  
Lee Ensalada
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Standardized Test ◽  
Somatoform Disorders ◽  
Disability Evaluation ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Illness Behavior ◽  
Validity Testing ◽  
Symptom Validity Testing ◽  
Disease Pattern

Abstract Illness behavior refers to the ways in which symptoms are perceived, understood, acted upon, and communicated and include facial grimacing, holding or supporting the affected body part, limping, using a cane, and stooping while walking. Illness behavior can be unconscious or conscious: In the former, the person is unaware of the mental processes and content that are significant in determining behavior; conscious illness behavior may be voluntary and conscious (the two are not necessarily associated). The first broad category of inappropriate illness behavior is defensiveness, which is characterized by denial or minimization of symptoms. The second category includes somatoform disorders, factitious disorders, and malingering and is characterized by exaggerating, fabricating, or denying symptoms; minimizing capabilities or positive traits; or misattributing actual deficits to a false cause. Evaluators can detect the presence of inappropriate illness behaviors based on evidence of consistency in the history or examination; the likelihood that the reported symptoms make medical sense and fit a reasonable disease pattern; understanding of the patient's current situation, personal and social history, and emotional predispositions; emotional reactions to symptoms; evaluation of nonphysiological findings; results obtained using standardized test instruments; and tests of dissimulation, such as symptom validity testing. Unsupported and insupportable conclusions regarding inappropriate illness behavior represent substandard practice in view of the importance of these conclusions for the assessment of impairment or disability.

The Therapist’s Reaction to a Patient’s Suicide

Crisis ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Friedrich Martin Wurst ◽  
Isabella Kunz ◽  
Gregory Skipper ◽  
Manfred Wolfersdorf ◽  
Karl H. Beine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Emotional Reaction ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
General Hospitals ◽  
Item Questionnaire ◽  
Retrospective Nature ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Background: A substantial proportion of therapists experience the loss of a patient to suicide at some point during their professional life. Aims: To assess (1) the impact of a patient’s suicide on therapists distress and well-being over time, (2) which factors contribute to the reaction, and (3) which subgroup might need special interventions in the aftermath of suicide. Methods: A 63-item questionnaire was sent to all 185 Psychiatric Clinics at General Hospitals in Germany. The emotional reaction of therapists to patient’s suicide was measured immediately, after 2 weeks, and after 6 months. Results: Three out of ten therapists suffer from severe distress after a patients’ suicide. The item “overall distress” immediately after the suicide predicts emotional reactions and changes in behavior. The emotional responses immediately after the suicide explained 43.5% of the variance of total distress in a regression analysis. Limitations: The retrospective nature of the study is its primary limitation. Conclusions: Our data suggest that identifying the severely distressed subgroup could be done using a visual analog scale for overall distress. As a consequence, more specific and intensified help could be provided to these professionals.

Heart Rate Variability, Emotions, and Music

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Riganello ◽  
A. Candelieri ◽  
M. Quintieri ◽  
G. Dolce
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Vegetative State ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Heart Beat ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Frequency Spectra ◽  
Emotional Value

The purpose of the study was to identify significant changes in heart rate variability (an emerging descriptor of emotional conditions; HRV) concomitant to complex auditory stimuli with emotional value (music). In healthy controls, traumatic brain injured (TBI) patients, and subjects in the vegetative state (VS) the heart beat was continuously recorded while the subjects were passively listening to each of four music samples of different authorship. The heart rate (parametric and nonparametric) frequency spectra were computed and the spectra descriptors were processed by data-mining procedures. Data-mining sorted the nu_lf (normalized parameter unit of the spectrum low frequency range) as the significant descriptor by which the healthy controls, TBI patients, and VS subjects’ HRV responses to music could be clustered in classes matching those defined by the controls and TBI patients’ subjective reports. These findings promote the potential for HRV to reflect complex emotional stimuli and suggest that residual emotional reactions continue to occur in VS. HRV descriptors and data-mining appear applicable in brain function research in the absence of consciousness.

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