Cognitive Appraisal and Affective Reactions Following Physical Achievement Outcomes

1990 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward McAuley ◽  
Terry E. Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Causal Attributions ◽  
Cognitive Appraisal ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Affective Reactions ◽  
Achievement Outcomes ◽  
Stability Dimension ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Physical Achievement ◽  
Performance Perceptions

This investigation examined the roles of intuitive (subjective performance perceptions) and reflective (causal attributions) appraisals in the generation of affective reactions to gymnastic performance. Both intuitive and cognitive appraisal were significant predictors of general affect, whereas self-related affects were predominantly influenced by intuitive appraisal and other-related affect by causal dimensions. The stability dimension evidenced the strongest relationship with both general and other-related affective reactions. Commonality analyses determined both types of appraisal to account for up to 14.7% of the cojoint variance in emotional reactions, suggesting that intuitive appraisal may well be perceived as causal attributions under certain circumstances. The findings are discussed in terms of the conditions under which attributions augment the emotion process and the importance of assessing perceptions of performance.

Causal Attributions and Affective Reactions to Discontinuing Outcomes in Motor Performance

1989 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward McAuley ◽  
Terry E. Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Causal Attributions ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Affective Reactions ◽  
Negative Affects ◽  
Achievement Outcomes ◽  
Actual Outcome ◽  
Attribution Process ◽  
The Relationship

Research suggests that attributional search is a consequence of disconfirming outcomes and that causal dimensions influence affective reactions to achievement outcomes. The present study manipulated future expectancies for performance and actual outcome in a competitive motor task. Following competitive outcome, causal attributions for and affective reactions to the outcome were assessed. Discriminant analysis indicated that winners experienced significantly more positive affect than did losers, who reported more intense negative affects. Regression analyses examined the relationship between causal dimensions and affective reactions. The locus of causality and stability dimensions significantly influenced a number of negative affects in losers, whereas all three dimensions in combination significantly influenced confidence in winners. The findings are discussed in relation to previous attribution-affect research in achievement settings and the role of disconfirm-ing experiences in the attribution process.

AN INTERACTIONAL APPROACH TO ATTRIBUTIONAL DIMENSIONS IN DYSPHORIA

1990 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet E. Eschen ◽  
David S. Glenwick
Keyword(s):  
Attributional Style ◽  
The Self ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Self Blame ◽  
Attributional Style Questionnaire ◽  
Standard Manner ◽  
Stability Dimension ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Relationship

To investigate the possible contributions to dysphoria of interactions among attributional dimensions, 105 freshmen and sophomores were administered the Attributional Style Questionnaire and the Beck Depression Inventory. Analyses examined the relationship to dysphoria of (a) the traditional composite score; (b) multiple regression analyses including interactions among the various dimensions; and (c) indices of behavioral self-blame, characterological self-blame, and external blame. The results provided modest support for the specific hypothesized interactional model and, to a large extent, appeared to support the validity of the standard manner in which dysphoric attributional style is viewed. Refinements of the traditional model are suggested, involving the self-blame construct, the possible role of the stability dimension, and the relationship between controllability and positive event attributions.

Take my advice: Intrinsic emotion regulation is more effective under external guidance.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Ngombe ◽  
Klaus Kessler ◽  
Daniel J Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Affective Reactions ◽  
Subjective Ratings ◽  
Potential Therapeutic Application ◽  
Within Subjects

Traditionally, research into emotion regulation (ER) has focused primarily on the intra-personal processes through which we regulate our own emotions intrinsically. More recently, however, studies have begun to explore the inter-personal nature of intrinsic ER – that is, how we regulate our emotions under the guidance of others. Preliminary evidence suggests that the ER is more effective when implemented inter- rather than intra-personally, but these findings are based exclusively on subjective ratings that capture only the experience of emotions. The current study therefore investigated whether this apparent superiority of inter-personal intrinsic ER could be replicated and extended to physiological measures of affective reactions – namely, metrics of electrodermal activity. In addition, we administered several self-report instruments to measure behavioural phenotypes associated with individual differences in intrinsic ER to identify groups that might benefit maximally from inter-personal guidance. In a within-subjects design, a large sample (N=146) were required to down-regulate their emotional reactions to negatively valenced images using an ER strategy they had chosen themselves intra-personally or one that had been recommended to them inter-personally. Subjective ratings and physiological responses converged to demonstrate the greater effectiveness of inter- over intra-personal ER in decreasing negative affective reactions, illustrating its potential therapeutic application for conditions characterised by emotion dysregulation. Interestingly, though, data from the self-report instruments did not reveal patterns of behaviour associated with its efficacy, and so it remains to be seen if and how the benefits of inter-personal ER extend to clinical populations.

THE EFFECTS OF SELF-ESTEEM AND EXPECTANCIES FOR SUCCESS ON AFFECTIVE REACTIONS TO ACHIEVEMENT

1992 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Midkiff ◽  
Felicia A. Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
University Students ◽  
Causal Attributions ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Affective Reactions ◽  
Performance Outcome

Affective reactions to academic performance appear to be influenced by performance outcome, self-esteem, and causal attributions. We investigated whether expectancies for success and the confirmation or disconfirmation of epectancies also influenced students' affective reactions and causal attributions in achievement settings. Subjects were 132 university students. Causal attributions and affective reactions to an achievement-related situation were assessed and related to students' self-esteem, expectancies for success, and confirmation or disconfirmation of expectancies. Results indicated that causal attributions were related to confirmation or disconfirmation of expectancies for success and to self-esteem. Affective reactions were related to the interaction of self-esteem, expectancies for success, and confirmation or disconfirmation of expectancies. Further analysis suggested that students' affective reactions to performance may serve to maintain existing levels of self-esteem. The role of self-referent and other-referent emotions in self-esteem maintenance was also discussed.

Causal Attributions for Marital Violence and Emotional Response by Women Seeking Refuge

1994 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 272-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen McClennan ◽  
Stephen Joseph ◽  
Christopher Alan Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Beck Depression Inventory ◽  
Emotional Response ◽  
Causal Attributions ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Marital Violence ◽  
Impact Of Events Scale ◽  
The Impact

The aim was to examine the association between causal attributions for marital violence and emotional reactions of 15 women from two refuges in Northern Ireland. The women who perceived the cause of the violence as stable and uncontrollable scored higher on the Avoidance and Intrusion subscales of the Impact of Events Scale, respectively. In addition, more global causal attributions were associated with higher scores on Intrusion and Avoidance as well as depressive symptomatology as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory. No evidence was, however, found to support the view that these women were engaged in self-blaming (attributions tended to be overwhelmingly external).

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