Inheritance of yellow-flowered characteristic and yellow pigments in diploid cyclamen (Cyclamen persicum Mill.) cultivars

Nine-week-old plants of Cyclamen persicum `Miracle Salmon' were transplanted into 10-cm pots and placed in growth chambers at 8, 12, 16, 20, or 24 °C. The irradiance was 10 mol/day per m2 during a 16-h day length. After 8 weeks, the temperature was changed to 16 °C for all plants. Expanded leaves (1 cm or larger) were counted at weekly intervals for each plant. The rate of leaf unfolding increased with temperature to 20 °C. The fastest rate at 20 °C was 0.34 ± 0.05 leaf/day. Flower buds were visible 55 ± 7 days from start of temperature treatments (118 days from seeding) for the plants grown at 12, 16, or 20 °C. Flower buds appeared 60 ± 6.9 days from initiation of treatments for plants grown at 24 °C and 93 ± 8.9 days for cyclamens grown at 8 °C. Although there was no significant difference in rate of flower bud appearance for cyclamens grown at 12, 16, or 20 °C, the number of leaves, flowers, and flower buds varied significantly among all temperature treatments. Leaf number at flowering increased from 38 ± 4.7 for plants at 12 °C to 77 ± 8.3 at 24 °C. Flowers and flower buds increased from 18 ± 2.9 to 52 ± 11.0 as temperature increased from 12 to 24 °C. Plants grown at 8 °C had on average 6 ± 2 visible flower buds, but no open flowers at termination of the study (128 days from start of treatments).

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Etude sur la teneur en pigment de frênes qui croissent dans des conditions différentes

Silva Gandavensis ◽

10.21825/sg.v37i0.984 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 37 ◽

Author(s):

N. Lust

Keyword(s):

Chlorophyll A ◽

Strong Influence ◽

The Other ◽

Pigment Content ◽

Chlorophyll B ◽

Light Quantity ◽

Yellow Pigments ◽

The One ◽

Green Pigments

Pigment content of ashes grown up under different circumstances - The pigment content (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, xanthophyll and carotene) has been researched with ashes grown up under different light circumstances and varying in age and height. The results prove that the general laws concerning the influence of light on the pigment content, don’t always work. The phenomen is very complex. The light quantity is very important in some cases, but insignificant in others. It seems origin and height of plants have a strong influence. The results prove also the influence of the environment is much higher on small plants as on big ones. The research indicates finally the correlation between the green pigments, the yellow pigments, and between the green pigments on the one side and the yellow ones on the other side.

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Disazo (Bishydrazone) pigments based on acetoacetanilides

Physical Sciences Reviews ◽

10.1515/psr-2020-0170 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Robert Christie ◽

Adrian Abel

Keyword(s):

Crystal Packing ◽

Molecular Geometry ◽

Coupling Reactions ◽

Dominant Group ◽

Color Strength ◽

Decomposition Products ◽

Organic Pigments ◽

Yellow Pigments ◽

Structure Investigations ◽

Coupling Components

Abstract Disazoacetoacetanilide pigments, more commonly known as diarylide yellows, are the most important group of yellow classical organic pigments. They were commercialized in the early 20th century many years after the introduction of the structurally related monazoacetoacetanilides (Hansa yellows). The molecules adopt the bis-ketohydrazone tautomeric form. X-ray single crystal structure investigations have provided an insight into the influence of the molecular geometry and crystal packing arrangements in the solid state on the properties of the pigments in application. The synthesis of diarylide pigments is relatively straightforward, the conditions essentially following those used for the corresponding monoazo pigments, so that the products are economically priced. In the case of these disazo pigments, suitable aromatic amines (1 mol) are bis-diazotized and the resulting bis-diazonium salts reacted with acetoacetanilide coupling components (2 mol), the two azo coupling reactions occurring at the same time. They are by far the dominant group of yellow pigments used in printing inks, well-suited for most standard process yellow inks. They were formerly important in the coloration of plastics but are no longer recommended for polymers processed above 200 °C, under which conditions toxic decomposition products are formed. Diarylide yellow pigments are characterized by high color strength, good to excellent solvent fastness, and good chemical stability, although they generally show inferior lightfastness.

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THE ROUTE OF ENTRY AND LOCALIZATION OF BLOOD PROTEINS IN THE OOCYTES OF SATURNIID MOTHS

The Journal of Cell Biology ◽

10.1083/jcb.9.4.747 ◽

1961 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 747-759 ◽

Cited By ~ 145

Author(s):

William H. Telfer

Keyword(s):

Brush Border ◽

Cell Layer ◽

Follicle Cell ◽

Blood Proteins ◽

Intercellular Spaces ◽

Protein Uptake ◽

Freeze Dried ◽

Yellow Pigments

The oocytes of saturniid moths take up proteins selectively from the blood. The distribution of blood proteins in the ovary during protein uptake was investigated by staining 2 µ sections of freeze-dried ovaries with fluorescein-labeled antibodies. The results indicate that blood proteins occur primarily in the intercellular spaces of the follicle cell layer, in association with a brush border at the surface of the oocyte, and within the oocyte in the yolk spheres. That proteins derived from the blood are associated with the yolk spheres was confirmed by isolating these bodies and showing that lysis, which can be induced by any of a number of mechanical means, causes them to release immunologically defined proteins known to be derived from the blood. That the level of blood proteins in the cytoplasm is low relatively to that in the yolk spheres was confirmed by the observation that the yellow pigments associated with several blood proteins, although conspicuous in the yolk spheres, are not visible in the translucent layer of centrifuged oocytes. From these and previous physiological observations, it is proposed that blood proteins reach the surface of the oocyte by an intercellular route, that they combine with some component of the brush border, and that they are transformed into yolk spheres by a process akin to pinocytosis.

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