Chronic exposure of coho salmon to sublethal concentrations of copper—I. Effect on growth, on accumulation and distribution of copper, and on copper tolerance

1982 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.T. Buckley ◽  
M. Roch ◽  
J.A. McCarter ◽  
C.A. Rendell ◽  
A.T. Matheson
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Copper Tolerance ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations ◽  
Effect On Growth

SOME IMMUNOBIOCHEMICAL INDICES IN CARASSIUS CARASSIUS EXPOSED TO SUBLETHAL CONCENTRATIONS OF ZINK IONS

2017 ◽  
pp. 50-53
Author(s):  
N. I. Silkina ◽  
D. V. Mikryakov ◽  
V. R. Mikryakov
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Immune Complexes ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Carassius Carassius ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations

Investigation results are reported on immunobiochemical indices in carassius carassius at a chronic exposure to sub-lethal Zink ions concentrations. In blood serum and liver, the following characteristics were investigated: antimicrobial properties, proportion of immune- deficient animals, content of non specific immune complexes, common lipids level, content of lipids peroxidation products and antioxidant activity. The relation between magnitudes of indices under investigation in fishes and the duration of their presence under experimental conditions is shown.

Effect of Bleached Kraft Mill Effluent on the Survival of Starved Juvenile Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)

1975 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. 2528-2530
Author(s):  
D. A. Brown ◽  
D. J. McLeay
Keyword(s):  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Time To Death ◽  
Kraft Mill Effluent ◽  
Kraft Mill ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations

Starved coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) fingerlings were exposed to "sublethal" concentrations of neutralized bleached kraft mill effluent (BKME). Time to death was similar in the control group, in fish continuously exposed to BKME concentrations equivalent to 0.05–0.4 of the samples’ 96-h LC50 values, and in fish exposed to a treated (foam-stripped) portion of the samples at a volume equivalent to 0.7 LC50 for untreated effluent. Time to death decreased progressively in groups exposed to effluent concentrations higher than 0.4 of the 96-h LC50.

scholarly journals Alteration of Blood Parameters and Histoarchitecture of Liver and Kidney of Silver Barb after Chronic Exposure to Quinalphos

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Golam Mohammod Mostakim ◽  
Md. Mahiuddin Zahangir ◽  
Mahbuba Monir Mishu ◽  
Md. Khalilur Rahman ◽  
M. Sadiqul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Central Vein ◽  
Hematopoietic Tissue ◽  
Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations ◽  
Silver Barb

Quinalphos (QP) is commonly used for pest control in the agricultural fields surrounding freshwater reservoirs. This study was conducted to evaluate the chronic toxicity of this pesticide on blood parameters and some organs of silver barb,Barbonymus gonionotus. Fish were exposed to two sublethal concentrations, 0.47 ppm and 0.94 ppm, of QP for a period of 28 days. All the blood parameters (red blood cell, hematocrit, and hemoglobin) and blood glucose except for white blood cells decreased with increasing concentration of toxicant and become significantly lower (p<0.05) at higher concentration when compared with control. The derived hematological indices of mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration were equally altered compared to control. Histoarchitectural changes of liver and kidney were observed after exposure to the QP. Hypertrophy of hepatocytes, mild to severe necrosis, ruptured central vein, and vacuolation were observed in the liver of treated groups. Highly degenerated kidney tubules and hematopoietic tissue, degeneration of renal corpuscle, vacuolization, and necrosis were evident in the kidney of treated groups. In conclusion, chronic exposure to QP at sublethal concentrations induced hematological and histological alterations in silver barb and offers a simple tool to evaluate toxicity derived alterations.

ALTERATIONS IN THE ORGANIC RESERVE OF ZINC EXPOSED FRESH WATER CATFISH, CLARIAS BATRACHUS

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
NAVNEET KUNWER SRIVASTAVA ◽  
SADGURU PRAKASH
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Zinc Sulphate ◽  
Clarias Batrachus ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Kidney Liver ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations ◽  
Zinc Exposure

Present study was carried out to evaluate the changes in organic reserves of kidney, liver, gill and muscles of Clarias batrachus exposed to sublethal concentrations of zinc sulphate in water for a period of 15,30 and 45 days. Four groups of twenty five fish were subjected to 0 (control), 10, 20 and 30 mg/L of zinc sulphate. The sub-chronic exposure of Clarias batrachus to sub-lethal concentration of Zinc sulphate showed a decline in glycogen, total proteins, cholesterol and total lipids in all these tissues. The levels of these organic reserves alter simultaneously with an increase in dose and duration of zinc exposure.

Sensitivity of Blood Cell Counts in Juvenile Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) to Stressors Including Sublethal Concentrations of Pulpmill Effluent and Zinc

1975 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. 2357-2364 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. McLeay
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Sublethal Concentration ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Blood Cell Counts ◽  
Stock Values ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations ◽  
Sensitive Method

Transfer of fish from optimal to high-temperature, crowded holding conditions decreased white blood cell-thrombocyte (WBC-T) counts markedly on 12–96-h exposure. Red blood cell (RBC) counts were increased only slightly at 12 and 48 h. During 28 days acclimatization following transfer to simulated stream compartments, WBC-T counts returned to stock values within 2–4 days, following an initial decline. RBC counts were not altered appreciably.The decline in WBC-T counts of acclimatized fish to a high sublethal concentration of pulpmill effluent was greatest at 24 h. Mean RBC counts were decreased over 24–96 h, but differences were significant at 24 h only. In acclimatized fish exposed to pulpmill effluent, WBC-T counts were decreased (P < 0.001) at concentrations between 0.2 and 0.9 of the 96-h LC50. A 24-h exposure to 15% vol/vol of this effluent had considerably less effect on the WBC-T count when the effluent had been detoxified by foam fractionation.Under similar experimental conditions, exposure to sublethal levels of zinc depressed mean WBC-T counts proportional to concentration, although differences were only significant at 0.5 LC50 and greater. RBC counts were unchanged.The WBC-T response provides a reasonably rapid and sensitive method for measuring stressful levels of pulpmill effluents to salmon. Declines in WBC-T counts are attributable to reduced numbers of circulating small lymphocytes, which could result in decreased resistance of stressed fishes to disease.

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