Military Economy and Economic Growth: Bidirectional Effects in Transition Economies of Eurasia

Recently, the worrisome rise of military economy in Eurasian transition economies has raised concerns on what is behind this trend and what are its economic consequences. Based on the evidence from 26 Eurasian countries selected into two subgroups “Russia+10” and “15 Central and Eastern European” (CEE) countries over the period from 1991 to 2019, this article focuses on the military economy overview in this region and demonstrates the result of panel data estimations of bidirectional relation between military economy indicators and economic growth. The study shows that in “Russia+10,” military expenditures to GDP and to government spending have a positive effect on growth, and economic growth has a negative influence on these two indicators. Moreover, armed forces to labor forces have a positive bidirectional relation with economic growth in “Russia+10.” For the samples of “15 CEE” and all Eurasian countries, there are not always statistically significant results to offer clear conclusion on bidirectional effects between military expenditures to GDP and to budget expenses and economic growth. Armed forces to labor forces show a positive effect on growth in Eurasia and “15 CEE” countries.

Overview of Gadget Utilization and Its Effect on Growth and Development in Preschool Children

The gadget utilization among preschoolers in connection with technological advances is known to have positive and negative effects on growth and development. This study aims to identify the overview of gadget utilization and its effect on growth and development in preschool children. An analytic survey with a cross-sectional design was conducted by filling out questionnaires carried out by parents. The anthropometric measurements and developmental assessments were carried out using Indonesia Developmental Pre-screening Questionnaire (IDPQ). A hundred children and their parents participated in this study. It was found that 82% of parents lent their gadgets, and 89% taught their children to use gadgets. There were similarities in gadget utilization between parents and children, namely watching videos (73% and 90%) and communicating (92% and 40.4%). The duration of the gadget utilization by children was high, 3.7±2.2 hours/day. However, no significant correlation in the analysis between the duration of smartphone usage and nutritional status (p: 0.599). In children with different IDPQ values, there was no significant difference in the duration of device usage (p: 0.991). It can concluded the duration of the gadget utilization in children carried out by their parents did not affect the growth and development of the children.

The Impact of Corruption On Economic Growth: A Nonlinear Evidence

Several cross-country studies have found that corruption slows growth, but these findings are not universally robust. Therefore, the questions to be addressed are to what extent corruption can be tolerated and at what threshold it has a detrimental effect on an economy.This article investigates the impact of corruption on economic growth by testing the hypothesis that the relationship between these two variables is nonlinear. In this article, a panel data analysis has been used to examine 65 countries over the 1987 to 2018 period. Our findings are that corruption can have a positive effect on growth. The results indicate that beyond an optimal threshold, both high and low corruption levels can decrease economic growth. Under this optimal threshold, a moderate level of corruption, defined by the point of reversal of the curve of the marginal corruption effect on growth, could have advantages for economic growth.JEL: B23, C51, D73, O47.

THE USE OF DIFFERENT PERCENTAGES OF WILD THYME THYMUS SERPYLLUM IN THE DIETS OF AWASSI LAMBS AND ITS EFFECT ON GROWTH AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS: استخدام نسب مختلفة من الزعتر البري Thymus serpyllum في علائق الحملان العواسية وأثره في النمو وصفات الذبيحة

This study was conducted to find out the effect of using different percentages of wild thyme, Thymus serpyllum in the diets of Awassi lambs, and its effect on growth, carcass characteristics, blood traits and some properties of rumen fluid. This experiment was conducted in field of the Department of Animal Production of College of Agriculture and Forestry at University of Mosul. In this experiment, 24 twenty four male Awassi lambs were used, their ages ranged between 5-6 months, lambs were randomly distributed to 4 four treatments and each treatment included 6 six replicates of lambs. The lambs were raised and fed for a period of 90 days From date of (11/11/2020) the beginning of the experiment to date of slaughtering animals for sampling for research purposes on (9/2/2021). And lambs of first treatment (control) were fed on a standard diet only. Free from any additives consisting of barley, wheat bran, wheat straw, soybean meal, limestone and salt, a second treatment was added wild thyme 10 gm/kg feed/head daily, third treatment was 20 gm/kg feed/head daily and fourth treatment was 30 g/kg of feed/head per day. The results of experiment did not show significant differences in daily and total weight gain and carcass characteristics. The results of pH of rumen fluid before feeding or after feeding two hours, nor concentration of rumen liquid ammonia two hours after feeding did not show significant differences between the four treatments. As for the ammonia concentration of the rumen fluid before feeding, it indicated a significant superiority (P≤ 0.05) in treatment. Fourth compared to other transactions. Also, no significant differences were observed in blood characteristics.